KR20160107737A - 양극활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 이차전지 - Google Patents
양극활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 이차전지 Download PDFInfo
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- KR20160107737A KR20160107737A KR1020150030938A KR20150030938A KR20160107737A KR 20160107737 A KR20160107737 A KR 20160107737A KR 1020150030938 A KR1020150030938 A KR 1020150030938A KR 20150030938 A KR20150030938 A KR 20150030938A KR 20160107737 A KR20160107737 A KR 20160107737A
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Abstract
본 발명에 따른 양극활물질은, 전해액과의 계면 반응이 억제되고, 전자 전도성이 향상되어, 전지의 고용량, 고전압, 고안정성 및 고출력 특성을 구현할 수 있다.
Description
도 1은 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 리튬 이차전지의 구조를 개략적으로 나타낸 단면 구조도이다.
도 2는 실시예 1에 따른 양극활물질의 제조시, 코팅층의 형성과 관련한 화학적 메커니즘을 도시한 반응도이다.
도 3은 실시예 2에 따른 양극활물질의 제조시, UV 조사 후 DETA 함침에 따른 표면개질 탄소입자의 제조와 관련한 화학적 메커니즘을 도시한 반응도이다.
도 4는 실시예 1 및 2에서 사용된 표면개질 카본블랙, 및 비교예 3에서 사용된 표면개질되지 않은 카본블랙에 대한 적외선 흡수 분광분석(FT-IR) 결과를 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 5a는 실시예 1에서 제조한 양극활물질에서의 코팅층 표면을 전계 방사형 주사전자현미경(FE-SEM)으로 관찰한 사진이고, 도 5b는 도 5a의 부분 확대도이다.
도 6a는 실시예 1에서 제조한 양극활물질에서의 코팅층 단면을 FE-SEM으로 관찰한 사진이고, 도 6b는 도 6a의 부분 확대도이다.
도 7a는 실시예 2에서 제조한 양극활물질에서의 코팅층 표면을 FE-SEM으로 관찰한 사진이고, 도 7b는 도 7a의 부분 확대도이다.
도 8a는 실시예 2에서 제조한 양극활물질에서의 코팅층 단면을 FE-SEM으로 관찰한 사진이고, 도 8b는 도 8a의 부분 확대도이다.
도 9a는 비교예 3에서 제조한 양극활물질에서의 코팅층 표면을 FE-SEM으로 관찰한 사진이고, 도 9b는 도 9a의 부분 확대도이다.
도 10은 실시예 1, 2 및 비교예 2, 3에서 제조한 양극활물질에서의 코팅층에 대한 전기전도도 측정 결과를 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 11은 실시예 1에서 제조한 양극활물질에 대한 주사전자현미경(SEM) 관찰 사진이다.
도 12는 실시예 2에서 제조한 양극활물질에 대한 SEM 관찰 사진이다.
도 13은 비교예 1에서 제조한 양극활물질에 대한 SEM 관찰 사진이다.
도 14는 비교예 2에서 제조한 양극활물질에 대한 SEM 관찰 사진이다.
도 15는 비교예 3에서 제조한 양극활물질에 대한 SEM 관찰 사진이다.
도 16은 실시예 1, 2 및 비교예 1~3에서 제조한 리튬 이차전지의 율별 특성을 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 17은 실시예 1, 2 및 비교예 1~3에서 제조한 리튬 이차전지의 충방전 사이클 특성을 나타낸 그래프이다.
1.0C, 50 사이클일 때의 용량보존율(%) | |
비교예1 | 73 |
비교예2 | 80 |
비교예3 | 85 |
실시예1 | 88 |
실시예2 | 87 |
112 음극
113 세퍼레이터
114 양극
120 전지용기
140 밀봉 부재
Claims (31)
- 리튬을 도프 및 탈도프할 수 있는 화합물을 포함하는 코어 입자, 및
상기 코어 입자의 표면 상에 위치하는 코팅층을 포함하고,
상기 코팅층은 화학적 가교 고분자, 및 입자 표면에 반응성 작용기가 도입된 표면개질 탄소입자를 포함하는 것인 양극활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 화학적 가교 고분자는 리튬 이온의 이동이 가능한 고분자인 것인 양극활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 화학적 가교 고분자는 이미드(imide)기, 아크릴레이트(acrylate)기, 우레탄(urethane)기, 우레아(urea)기, 에테르(ether)기, 에스테르(ester)기, 아미드(amide)기, 술폭사이드(sulfoxide)기 및 에폭시(epoxy)기로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 작용기를 포함하는 것인 양극활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 화학적 가교 고분자는 폴리이미드 및 폴리아크릴레이트로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 화합물을 포함하는 것인 양극활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 화학적 가교 고분자는 폴리아믹산의 열적 가교를 통해 형성된 폴리이미드인 양극활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 표면개질 탄소입자는 상기 화학적 가교 고분자에 분산되어 존재하거나, 또는 상기 화학적 가교 고분자와 물리적 또는 화학적 결합을 통해 결합되어 존재하는 것인 양극활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 표면개질 탄소입자는 입자 표면에 히드록시기, 카르복시기, 및 아미노기로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 반응성 작용기를 포함하는 것인 양극활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 탄소입자는 카본블랙, 덴카블랙, 아세틸렌블랙, 케첸블랙, 퍼니스블랙, 채널블랙, 카본나노튜브, 카본나노로드 및 카본나노파이버로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 양극활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 코팅층은 화학적 가교 고분자와 표면개질 탄소입자를 10:90 내지 99:1의 중량비로 포함하는 것인 양극활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 코팅층은 코어 입자 표면을 둘러싸는 연속한 박막의 형태로 형성된 것인 양극활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 코팅층은 0.0001㎛ 내지 30㎛의 평균 두께를 갖는 것인 양극활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 코어 입자는 하기 화학식 1 내지 화학식 3의 산화물, V2O5, TiS 및 MoS로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 양극활물질.
<화학식 1>
Li1 +x[NiaCobMnc]O2 (-0.5 ≤ x ≤ 0.6, 0 ≤ a, b, c ≤ 1, a+b+c=1임);
<화학식 2>
LiMn2 - xMxAyO4 (M=Ni, Co, Fe, Zr, Ti 및 Al로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상의 원소이고, A는 P 및 Si로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상의 원소이고, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2, y는 0 또는 1임);
<화학식 3>
Li1 + aFe1 - xMx(PO4 -b)Xb (M=Al, Mg, Ni, Co, Mn, Ti, Ga, Cu, V, Nb, Zr, Ce, In, Zn 및 Y로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상의 원소이고, X는 F, S 및 N로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 하나 이상의 원소이며, -0.5 ≤ a ≤ +0.5, 0 < x ≤ 0.5, 0 ≤ b ≤ 0.1임)
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 코어 입자는 LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMnO2, LiMn2O4, Li[NiaCobMnc]O2 (0 < a, b, c ≤ 1, a+b+c=1), LiNi0 .8Co0 .15Al0 .05O2 및 LiFePO4로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 양극활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 코어 입자는 1 내지 50㎛의 평균입경(D50)을 갖는 것인 양극활물질.
- 제1항에 있어서,
상기 리튬을 도프 및 탈도프할 수 있는 화합물은 LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMnO2, LiMn2O4, Li[NiaCobMnc]O2 (0 < a, b, c ≤ 1, a+b+c=1), LiNi0 .8Co0 .15Al0 .05O2 및 LiFePO4로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 혼합물을 포함하고,
상기 코팅층은 코어 입자의 표면을 둘러싸는 연속한 박막의 형태로 형성되고, 상기 화학적 가교 고분 및 표면개질 탄소입자를 10:90 내지 99:1의 중량비로 포함하며,
상기 화학적 가교 고분자는 폴리이미드이고,
상기 표면개질 탄소입자는 입자 표면에 히드록시기, 카르복시기, 및 아미노기로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 반응성 작용기를 포함하는 카본블랙인 것인 양극활물질.
- 입자 표면에 반응성 작용기가 도입된 표면개질 탄소입자를, 화학적 가교 고분자 형성용 화합물 함유 용액에 분산시켜 코팅층 형성용 조성물을 준비하는 단계;
상기 코팅층 형성용 조성물에, 리튬을 도프 및 탈도프 할 수 있는 화합물을 포함하는 코어 입자를 첨가하고 혼합하여, 코어 입자의 표면에 화학적 가교 고분자 형성용 화합물과 표면개질 탄소입자를 포함하는 표면처리층이 형성된 양극활물질 전구체를 준비하는 단계; 및
상기 양극활물질 전구체에 대해 화학적 가교 반응을 수행하는 단계
를 포함하는 양극활물질의 제조방법.
- 제16항에 있어서,
상기 표면개질 탄소입자는, 탄소입자에 대해 자외선 오존 처리를 하거나, 또는 상기 자외선 오존 처리 후 아민계 화합물로 표면처리하여 제조되는 것인 양극활물질의 제조방법.
- 제17항에 있어서,
상기 아민계 화합물은 디에틸렌테트라민(diethylenetetramine) 및 트리에틸렌테트라민(triethylenetetramine)으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 이들의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 양극활물질의 제조방법.
- 제16항에 있어서,
상기 표면개질 탄소입자는, 탄소입자 표면에 히드록시기, 카르복시기, 및 아미노기로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 반응성 작용기를 포함하는 것인 양극활물질의 제조방법.
- 제16항에 있어서,
상기 탄소입자는 카본블랙, 덴카블랙, 아세틸렌블랙, 케첸블랙, 퍼니스블랙, 채널블랙, 카본나노튜브, 카본나노로드, 및 카본나노파이버로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 양극활물질의 제조방법.
- 제16항에 있어서,
상기 화학적 가교 고분자 형성용 화합물은 폴리아믹산, 아크릴레이트기 함유 화합물, 우레탄기 함유 화합물, 우레아기 함유 화합물, 에테르기 함유 화합물, 에스테르기 함유 화합물, 아미드기 함유 화합물, 술폭사이드기 함유 화합물 및 에폭시기 함유 화합물로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 둘 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 양극활물질의 제조방법.
- 제16항에 있어서,
상기 화학적 가교 고분자 형성용 화합물과 표면개질 탄소입자는 10:90 내지 99:1의 중량비로 사용되는 것인 양극활물질의 제조방법.
- 제16항에 있어서,
상기 화학적 가교반응은, 열 가교 및 자외선 가교 중 어느 하나, 또는 상기 두 방법의 혼합 실시에 의해 수행되는 것인 양극활물질의 제조방법.
- 제16항에 있어서,
상기 화학적 가교반응은 50℃ 내지 400℃에서의 열처리에 의해 수행되는 것인 양극활물질의 제조방법.
- 제16항에 있어서,
상기 코팅층 형성용 조성물의 준비 전, 탄소입자에 대해 자외선 오존 처리를 하거나, 또는 상기 자외선 오존 처리 후 아민계 화합물로 표면처리하여, 입자 표면에 반응성 작용기가 도입된 표면개질 탄소입자를 준비하는 단계를 더 포함하고,
상기 화학적 가교 고분자 형성용 화합물은 폴리아믹산이고,
상기 화학적 가교 고분자 형성용 화합물과 표면개질 탄소입자는 10:90 내지 99:1의 중량비로 사용되며,
상기 화학적 가교반응은 50℃ 내지 400℃에서의 열처리에 의해 수행되는 것인 양극활물질의 제조방법.
- 제1항 내지 제15항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 양극활물질을 포함하는 양극.
- 제26항에 따른 양극을 포함하는 리튬 이차전지.
- 제27항에 따른 리튬 이차전지를 단위셀로 포함하는 전지모듈.
- 제28항에 따른 전지모듈을 포함하는 전지팩.
- 제29항에 있어서,
중대형 디바이스의 전원으로 사용되는 것인 전지팩.
- 제30항에 있어서,
상기 중대형 디바이스가 전기자동차, 하이브리드 전기자동차, 플러그-인 하이브리드 전기자동차 및 전력 저장용 시스템으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 것인 전지팩.
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KR20180071106A (ko) * | 2016-12-19 | 2018-06-27 | 울산과학기술원 | 표면개질된 양극 활물질, 양극 활물질의 표면개질 방법, 및 상기 표면개질된 양극 활물질을 포함하는 전기화학소자 |
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KR20190137497A (ko) * | 2018-06-01 | 2019-12-11 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 리튬 이차전지용 양극 활물질, 이의 제조방법, 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 양극 및 리튬 이차전지 |
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