KR20140125842A - 용액-처리가능한 텅스텐 산화물 버퍼 층 및 이것을 포함하는 전자장치 - Google Patents
용액-처리가능한 텅스텐 산화물 버퍼 층 및 이것을 포함하는 전자장치 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 유기 전자장치의 제조를 위해 유용한 중간 생성물(INT)의 본질적 층을 도시하는 것으로서, 여기서 (1)은 텅스텐 산화물 정공 수송층, (2)는 유기 활성층(예를 들면, 폴리머 활성층 또는 소분자 활성층)이고, (3)은 전극 또는 제 2 유기 활성층이다. 전극은 투명하거나 불투명할 수 있다. 전형적으로, 3 개의 도시된 층은 중간 생성물을 형성하는 더 복잡한 층 구조의 일부에 불과하고; 도시된 층의 저면 또는 상면은 지지 기판, 및/또는 전자 수송층 및/또는 제 2 전극과 같은 상이한 층일 수 있다.
도 3은 텅스텐 산화물, 유기 용매 및 물을 포함하는 본 발명의 현탁액 조성물의 개략도를 도시한다. x 축은 물의 양(중량%)을 표시하고, 공비점(a.p.)이 표시되어 있다. y 축은 나노입자의 양(중량%)을 표시하고, 바람직한 상한 및 하한이 표시되어 있다. 점선은 나노입자의 양 : 물의 양의 비율(w.w.r. = 나노입자의 양 : 물의 양의 비율(w/w))을 나타낸다. 따라서, 본 발명의 조성물에서 물의 양은 공비성 물/유기 용매 조성물보다 적고, 나노입자/물의 비율은 표시된 범위 내에 있다. 회색 영역은 본 발명의 조성물을 표시하고; 이와 같은 조성물은 향상된 안정화, 습윤성 및 막 형성을 보여준다.
도 4는 텅스텐 산화물, 유기 용매 및 물을 포함하는 본 발명의 대안적 현탁액 조성물을 위한 개략도를 도시한다. x 축은 공비점을 최대 10%까지 초과할 수 있는 물의 양(중량%)을 나타내고, 공비점(a.p.)이 표시되어 있다. y 축은 나노입자의 양(중량%)을 표시하고, 바람직한 상한 및 하한이 표시되어 있다. 점선은 나노입자의 양 : 물의 양의 비율(w.w.r. = 나노입자의 양 : 물의 양의 비율(w/w))을 나타낸다. 따라서, 본 발명의 조성물에서 물의 양은 공비성 물/유기 용매 조성물을 최대 10중량%만큼 초과하고, 나노입자/물의 비율은 표시된 범위 내에 있다. 회색 영역은 본 발명의 조성물을 나타낸다. 이와 같은 조성물도 또한 개선된 안정화, 습윤성 및 막 형성을 보여준다.
Claims (15)
- 현탁액 형태의 조성물로서, 상기 조성물은,
텅스텐 산화물 나노입자(a) 및 균질의 용매 조성물(b)을 포함하고, 상기 텅스텐 산화물 나노입자는,
순수한 텅스텐 산화물의 나노입자,
도핑된 텅스텐 산화물의 나노입자, 및
코어-셸(core-shell) 나노입자로서, 상기 셸은 텅스텐 산화물 또는 도핑된 텅스텐 산화물로 구성되고, 상기 코어는 상이한 무기 재료로 구성되는 코어-셸 나노입자로 이루어지고,
상기 균질의 용매 조성물(b)은,
물,
물과 함께 이원 공비조성물(binary azeotrope)을 형성하는 제 1 유기 용매를 포함하고;
상기 용매 조성물(b) 내의 상기 물의 양은 상기 제 1 유기 용매에 대하여 상기 공비성 물의 총 함량보다 적고; 그리고
상기 나노입자의 양 : 물의 양의 비율은 9 : 1(w/w) 미만인, 현탁액 형태의 조성물. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 균질의 용매 조성물(b)은 물과 함께 이원 공비조성물을 형성하는 제 2 유기 용매를 추가로 포함하고,
상기 용매 조성물(b) 내의 상기 물의 양은 상기 제 1 유기 용매 및 제 2 유기 용매에 대하여 상기 공비성 물의 총 함량보다 적은, 현탁액 형태의 조성물. - 제 1 항 또는 제 2 항에 있어서,
상기 균질의 용매 조성물(b)은 물과 함께 이원 공비조성물을 형성하지 않는 제 3 유기 용매를 추가로 포함하는, 현탁액 형태의 조성물. - 제 1 항 내지 제 4 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
상기 제 1 유기 용매는 알코올 및 니트릴로 이루어지는 그룹으로부터 선택되고;
상기 제 2 유기 용매는 알코올, 니트릴, 케톤, 에스테르, 에테르, 알데히드 및 알콕시-알코올로 이루어지는 그룹으로부터 선택되고;
상기 제 3 유기 용매는 알코올, 니트릴, 케톤, 에스테르, 에테르, 알데히드 및 알콕시-알코올로 이루어지는 그룹으로부터 선택되고;
상기 알코올은 할로겐으로 일부 또는 전부 치환될 수 있고,
상기 알코올은 다중 결합을 포함할 수 있고,
상기 유기 용매는 직선상, 분지상 또는 환상 유도체를 포함할 수 있는, 현탁액 형태의 조성물. - 제 1 항 내지 제 5 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
상기 나노입자의 양은 0.1-2 중량%의 범위 내에 있고, 상기 균질의 용매 조성물의 양은 80-99.9 중량%의 범위 내에 있는, 현탁액 형태의 조성물. - 박막 제조 방법으로서,
(a) 기판 또는 코팅된 기판 상에 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 조성물을 가하는 단계,
(b) 건조된 막을 얻기 위해 상기 조성물로부터 상기 용매를 제거하는 단계, 및 선택적으로
(c) 상승된 온도로 상기 건조된 막을 처리하는 단계를 포함하는, 박막 제조 방법. - 제 7 항에 있어서,
상기 단계 (a) 의 상기 조성물은 코팅 또는 인쇄에 의해 가해지고; 및/또는
상기 단계(b)의 용매는 저습도 함량을 갖는 공기 또는 보호 기체 하에서 제거되고; 및/또는
상기 단계 (c)에서 상기 건조된 나노입자 막은 공기 내에서 또는 보호 기체 내에서 80℃-150℃로 어닐링되는, 박막 제조 방법. - 제 7 항 또는 제 8 항에 있어서,
상기 막은,
5-200 nm의 두께를 갖고, 및/또는
100 nm 미만의 평균 표면 거칠기를 갖는, 박막 제조 방법. - 제 7 항 내지 제 9 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서,
상기 기판은,
바람직하게 40 mJ/m2 미만의 표면 자유 에너지를 갖는 소수성 유기 재료이고; 또는
친수성 무기 재료, 바람직하게 ITO 또는 유리인, 박막 제조 방법. - 제 7 항 내지 제 10 항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 방법에 의해 얻어지는 박막으로서,
상기 조성물은 상기 코어-셸 유형의 텅스텐 산화물 나노입자를 포함하고, 상기 셸은 텅스텐 산화물 또는 도핑된 텅스텐 산화물로 구성되고, 상기 코어는 상이한 무기 재료로 구성되는, 박막. - 제 11 항에 따른 박막을 포함하는 전기 소자.
- 유기 전자장치, 특히 유기 태양 전지(OPV), 유기 발광 다이오드(OLED) 또는 유기 광검출기의 그룹으로부터 선택되는 것이 바람직한 제 12 항에 따른 하나 이상의 전기 소자를 포함하는 장치.
- 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 조성물을 제조하기 위한 방법으로서,
(a) 균질의 용매 조성물을 제공하는 단계;
(b) 나노입자를 제공하는 단계;
(c) 현탁액을 얻기 위해 상기 나노입자를 상기 균질의 용매 조성물과 혼합하는 단계를 포함하는, 조성물 제조 방법. - 박막을 제조하기 위한 제 1 항 내지 제 6 항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 조성물의 용도로서, 상기 박막은,
(a) 유기 태양 전지, 유기 발광 다이오드 또는 유기 광검출기 내에서 정공 수송층(hole transport layer)으로서 적합하고;
(b) 광변색성 적용; 및/또는
(c) 일렉트로크로믹(electrochromic) 적용; 및/또는
(d) 열변색성 적용; 및/또는
(e) 촉매; 및/또는
(f) 센서 적용; 및/또는
(g) 트랜지스터; 및/또는
(h) 배리스터; 및/또는
(i) 커패시터; 및/또는
(j) 열전자 적용을 갖는, 조성물의 용도.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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EP12001157.2A EP2631008A1 (en) | 2012-02-22 | 2012-02-22 | Solution-processable tungsten oxide buffer layers and electronics comprising same |
EP12001157.2 | 2012-02-22 | ||
PCT/CH2013/000032 WO2013123605A1 (en) | 2012-02-22 | 2013-02-15 | Solution-processable tungsten oxide buffer layers and electronics comprising same |
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KR102017092B1 KR102017092B1 (ko) | 2019-09-02 |
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EP (2) | EP2631008A1 (ko) |
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KR (1) | KR102017092B1 (ko) |
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JP2014103290A (ja) * | 2012-11-21 | 2014-06-05 | Konica Minolta Inc | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子の製造方法及び金属酸化物粒子含有組成物 |
FR3013719B1 (fr) * | 2013-11-26 | 2018-01-12 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Encre pour former des couches p dans des dispositifs electroniques organiques |
WO2017020137A1 (en) | 2015-07-31 | 2017-02-09 | Nanograde Ag | Luminescent crystals and manufacturing thereof |
WO2019030269A1 (en) | 2017-08-09 | 2019-02-14 | Basf Se | COMPOSITIONS COMPRISING DISPERSED NANOPARTICLES OF ELECTROCHROMIC OXIDE |
CN108003664B (zh) * | 2017-12-04 | 2020-09-11 | 瑞彩科技股份有限公司 | 一种吸收红外的光热效应珠光颜料及其制备方法 |
JP7379306B2 (ja) * | 2020-09-28 | 2023-11-14 | 東芝マテリアル株式会社 | エレクトロクロミック素子 |
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EP2817091B1 (en) | 2016-11-30 |
JP2015517198A (ja) | 2015-06-18 |
WO2013123605A1 (en) | 2013-08-29 |
US20150064446A1 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
CN104245124B (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
CN104245124A (zh) | 2014-12-24 |
JP6204378B2 (ja) | 2017-09-27 |
EP2817091A1 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
EP2631008A1 (en) | 2013-08-28 |
KR102017092B1 (ko) | 2019-09-02 |
US9683111B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 |
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