KR20140098803A - Spatio-optical and temporal spatio-optical directional light modulators - Google Patents

Abstract

Space-optic directional optical modulators and time-space-optical directional optical modulators are introduced. These directional light modulators can be used to create 3D displays, ultra-high resolution 2D displays, or 2D / 3D switchable displays with extended viewing angles. The time-space-optical aspect of this new optical modulator embodiment allows modulation of the intensity, color, and direction of light emitted within a wide viewing angle. The high-speed modulation and wide angle coverage function of this directional light modulator increases the achievable viewing angle and directional resolution so that the 3D image produced by the display becomes more realistic or, alternatively, the 2D image generated by the display It has super high resolution. An alternative embodiment is disclosed.

Description

[0001] SPATIO-OPTICAL AND SPATIO-OPTICAL DIRECTIONAL LIGHT MODULATORS [0002]

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61 / 567,520, filed December 6, 2011, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 61 / 616,249, filed March 27,

The present invention relates to the field of directional light modulation, 3D display, emissive microdisplay, 2D / 3D switchable display and 2D / 3D no-eye switchable display.

In 3D displays, directional modulation of the emitted light is required to create a 3D viewing perception. In a typical 3D display, backlight is required to uniformly illuminate a plurality of illumination directions in order to display an image of the same scene from different directions using some combination of spatial multiplexing and time multiplexing in the spatial light modulator. For these 3D displays, the light from typically the directional backlight is typically directed by a directional selection filter (e. G., A < / RTI > a diffractive plate or a holographic optical plate).

In some switchable 2D / 3D displays, directional backlight is required to operate the display in different display modes. In the 2D display mode, a backlight that has a large angle coverage and uniformly illuminates is required for displaying a single image with a spatial light modulator (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD)). In the 3D display mode, backlight is required to uniformly illuminate a plurality of illumination directions in order to display an image of the same scene from different directions using some combination of spatial multiplexing and time multiplexing in the spatial light modulator.

In 2D and 3D modes, the light from the directional backlight is typically directed by a directional selection filter (e. G., A < / RTI > a diffractive plate or a holographic optical plate).

At present, a usable directional light modulator is a combination of an illumination unit having a plurality of light sources and a directional modulation unit for directing the light emitted from the light source in a specified direction (see FIGS. 1, 2 and 3). As shown in Figures 1, 2 and 3, which illustrate several variations of the prior art, the illumination unit typically includes an electro-mechanical moving device such as a scanning mirror or a rotating barrier (U.S. Patent Nos. 6,151,167, 6,433,907, 6,795,221, 6,803,561, 6,924,476, 6,937,221, 7,061,450, 7,071,594, 7,190,329, 7,193,758, 7,209,271, 7,232,071, 7,482,730, 7,486,255, 7,580,007 1, 2 and 3, such as liquid crystal lenses or polarizing switching, and the like, as well as the electro- U.S. Patent Nos. 5,986,811, 6,999,238, 7,106,519, 7,215,475, 7,369,321, 7,619,807 and 7,952,809).

Electromechanical and electro-optically modulated directional optical modulators have three major disadvantages.

1. Response time: Mechanical movement or optical surface modification is typically not achieved at the same time and affects the modulator response time. In addition, the speed of these operations deprives some of the image frame time to reduce achievable display brightness.

2. Volume aspect: These methods require a distance between the light source and the directional modulation device for the operation, thereby increasing the overall volume of the display.

3. Loss of light: The coupling of light onto a moving mirror should be eliminated by incorporating large-capacity cooling schemes that produce optical losses, thereby degrading display system power efficiency and adding more volume Heat and increased power consumption.

In addition to slowing down, becoming large, and generating optical losses, prior art directional backlight units need to have narrow spectral bandwidth, high collimation and individual control forces to be combined with a directional selection filter for 3D display purposes do. Achieving narrow spectral bandwidth and high collimation requires device level innovation and optical light regulation, thereby increasing the cost and volume aspects of the overall display system. Achieving individual control forces requires additional circuitry and multiple light sources, thereby increasing system complexity, capacity and cost.

Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to introduce a space-time optical modulator capable of generating 3D displays that provide substantial volume and viewing experience. It is also possible to overcome the limitations of the prior art to provide an extended angular coverage temporal-optical modulator capable of producing 3D and high resolution 2D displays that provide volume advantages and viewing experience over a wide viewing angle. and a spatio-optical light modulator.

Further objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The invention is illustrated by way of example and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which like reference numerals represent like elements.
Figure 1 shows a prior art directional light modulator using a fluid lens,
Figure 2 shows a prior art directional light modulator using a scanning mirror,
Figure 3 shows a prior art directionally modulated 3D light modulator,
Figure 4 illustrates a space-optically directional light modulating aspect of a time-space-optical directional light modulator,
5 is an isometric view of the directional light modulation principle of a space-optic directional light modulator,
Figure 6 illustrates an exemplary collimating wafer level optics design of a spatial-optical directional light modulator;
FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary design of a space-optic directional light modulator utilizing the wafer level optical instrument design shown in FIG. 6,
8 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of directional addressability within one of the spatial modulation pixel groups of a time-space-optical directional light modulator;
9 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary embodiment of directional modulation in one of the spatial modulation pixel groups of a time-space-optical directional light modulator,
10 is a block diagram illustrating a data processing block diagram of a space-optical directional light modulator,
11 is an isometric view of an exemplary embodiment of a 3D / 2D switchable display implemented by tiling a number of spatial-optical directional light modulators,
12 is an isometric view of a principle aspect of a time-space-optical directional light modulator,
13A shows an angular emission extension that can be made by temporal articulation aspects of a time-space-optical directional light modulator,
13B shows an angular temporal refraction of a time-space-optical directional light modulator,
14 shows an enlarged angular coverage cross-section of a time-space-optical directional light modulator,
15 is an isometric view, side view and top view of one embodiment of a time-space-optical directional light modulator,
16 is an isometric view, a side view and a top view of another embodiment of a time-space-optical directional light modulator.

In the following detailed description, references to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment " in various places in the detailed description are not always referring to the same embodiment.

A new class of emission micro-scale pixel array devices have recently been introduced. These devices feature high brightness, ultra-fast optical multi-color intensity and spatial modulation capabilities in a tiny single device size that includes all the driving circuitry. One such device, solid-state light-emitting pixels, is an LED (Light Emitting Diode) or an LD (Light Emitting Diode) whose on-off state is controlled by a driving circuit included in a CMOS chip (or device) on which the emitting micro- (Laser Diode). The size of the pixels comprising the emission arrays of such devices is typically in the range of 5-20 microns and the typical emission surface area of the devices is within the range of about 15-150 square millimeters. The pixels in the emissive micro-scale pixel array device are typically addressable spatially, chromatically and temporally, respectively, through the driving circuitry of its CMOS chip. Examples of such devices include, but are not limited to, the QPI devices mentioned in the exemplary embodiments described below (U.S. Patent Nos. 7,623,560, 7,767,479, 7,829,902, 8,049,231 and 8,098,265, Open No. 2010/0066921 and No. 2012/0033113). Another example of such a device is an OLED based micro-display. However, it should be appreciated that the QPI device is merely an example of a device type that may be used in embodiments of the present invention. Thus, in the following description, it should be understood that the reference to a QPI device is for a specific purpose in the disclosed embodiments, and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

The present invention combines the emission micro-pixel array functions of a QPI device with manual wafer level optics (WLO) alone or with articulated movement of the entire assembly, Thereby creating an optical modulator capable of performing the functions. The wafer level or wafer used herein refers to a matrix of devices or devices having a diameter of at least 2 inches, more preferably 4 inches or more. WLO is monolithically fabricated on a wafer from a polymer using UV (Ultra Violet) imprint lithography. Among the key advantages of WLO are the ability to fabricate small feature MLA (samll feature Micro Lens Arrays), precisely align multiple WLO microlens array layers with each other and precisely align with optoelectronic devices such as CMOS sensors or QPI devices Function. The alignment accuracy achievable by typical WLO fabrication techniques may be less than one micron. The combination of the individual pixel addressing of the emitting micro-emitter pixel array of the QPI device and the WLO microlens array (MLA), which can be precisely aligned to the micro-emitter array of the QPI device, requires the requirements for a narrow spectral bandwidth in the light source Complexity, and cost by eliminating the need experienced in the prior art for having a directivity selection filter in the system while mitigating < Desc / Clms Page number 2 > In a particular embodiment of the present invention, the directional modulation of the emitted light is achieved by light divergence achieved by WLO, and in another embodiment, by a combination of refraction motions of the entire assembly and light divergence achieved by WLO Lt; / RTI >

Referring to Figures 4 and 5, individually addressable QPI device pixels (p ₁ , p ₂ , ...) associated with each of the microlens elements 400 with a two-dimensional microlens array MLA 220 , p _n ), whereby the light emitted from each pixel in this pixel group is directed to the respective directions (d ₁ , d ₂ , d ₃ ) in the numerical aperture (angular magnitude) ..., d _n ). The entire micro-pixel array of QPI device 210 includes a plurality of QPI device pixel groups (G ₁ , G ₂ , ..., G _N ) referred to herein as pixel modulation groups, The modulation group G _i is associated with one of the two-dimensional array MLA 220 lens elements and the pixel modulation group G ₁ , G ₂ , ..., G _N as a whole is the spatial-optic directional light Represents a spatial modulation array of modulators. The one-to-one correspondence between the individual pixels p ₁ , p ₂ , ..., p _{n in} each pixel group and the emitted light directions d ₁ , d ₂ , ..., d _n , By the refraction, the time-space-optical directional light modulator of the present invention, conceptually shown in Fig. 12, can divide each of its pixel groups G _i into a plurality of time multiplexed directions d _1i , d _2i , _{d ni) (i = 1,2,} ...) it is possible that in connection with, here, each of the time-multiplexed direction is the pixel group _{(G 1, G 2, ...} , G N) in the Is individually addressable by the temporal addressing of the individual pixels (p ₁ , p ₂ , ..., p _n ). A plurality of QPI device pixel groups (G ₁ , G ₂ , ..., G _N ) associated with the two-dimensional array MLA 220 of FIG. 12 represent a spatial modulation array of the temporal-optical directional light modulator of the present invention , time multiplexed in the direction (d _1i, d _2i, ..., _ni d) (i = 1,2, ...) are pixels of the QPI device 210 having a pixel modulation group respectively (p ₁ , p ₂ , ..., p _n ) that are individually addressable through the temporal addressing of the pixels. In other words, the time-space-optical directional optical modulator can spatially modulate light through the addressing of the QPI device pixel groups (G ₁ , G ₂ , ..., G _N ) s _{(p 1, p 2, ...} , p n) that direction over a time addressing of the _{(d 1i, d 2i, ...} , d ni) (i = 1,2, ...) to each The light emitted from the pixel group can be directionally modulated. Therefore, the time-space-optical directional light modulator shown in Fig. 12 can generate light that can be spatially and directionally modulated, whereby light emitted from the same spatial positions as the emission region of the QPI device pixel group is emitted Can be directionally addressed through temporal addressing of individual pixels within the pixel group and can be individually addressed through addressing of the pixel group.

Figure 5 illustrates the spatial and directional modulation principles of the present invention. Figure 5 shows a two-dimensional array with a plurality of QPI device pixel groups (G ₁ , G ₂ , ..., G _N ), each of which is one of the wafer level microlens array (MLA) ≪ / RTI > By one-to-one correspondence between the individual pixels p ₁ , p ₂ , ..., p _{n in} each pixel group and the emitted light directions d ₁ , d ₂ , ..., d _n , So that the light emitting device can generate light that can be modulated spatially and directionally. Thus, the light can be emitted from each spatial location in the emission region of the QPI device pixel groups (G ₁ , G ₂ , ..., G _N ) and addressed individually through addressing of that pixel group And is directionally addressable through addressing of individual pixels within each pixel group. Individual pixels of the QPI device can be modulated such that each lens in the MLA emits light simultaneously in multiple directions. Because of the individual pixel control, the light amplitude, the time period of light emission, the specific light direction, and the total number of light directions emitted from each microlens can be adjusted individually through the individual addressing of the QPI device pixels.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the directional modulation by the lens can be performed on a single axis or two axes depending on the choice of lens type (i.e., a lenticular lens array or a biaxial lens array). However, the precise alignment of light sources and lens arrays of pixels and the achievement of small pixel sizes (on the order of a few microns or 10 microns) makes the realization of a directional light modulator capable of producing the directional light modulation functions necessary to produce a high- I did not let him. By leveraging the emissive micropixel array of a QPI device in the present invention it is possible to achieve a high precision alignment of the lens array that can be made by the wafer level optics less than one micron and a pixel pitch of less than 10 microns A high pixel resolution is achieved. Thus, the spatial-optical optical modulator can achieve sufficient spatial and directional modulation resolution to realize a high-quality 3D display.

6 and 7 illustrate an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 6 of this exemplary embodiment, light emitted from each individual pixel in the pixel group G _i is emitted from the QPI device emission surface to the exit aperture of a microlens having three optical elements 610, 620, 630 Go ahead. The light emitted from each individual pixel in the pixel group G _i is collimated and amplified to fill the outlet of the WLO microlens array 220 and traverse in a specific direction within an angle of Θ = ± 15 °. Essentially, the WLO microlens array 220 defines the light emitted from the individual pixels of the two-dimensional pixel group G _i with the QPI device by the angle = 15 占 angular divergence of the WLO microlens array 220 Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 3D < / RTI > volume.

Referring to Figures 6 and 7, which illustrate an exemplary embodiment, a method of aligning precisely with respect to each other with respect to related arrays of QPI device pixel groups (G ₁ , G ₂ , ..., G _N ) A plurality of optical elements 610, 620, and 630 are fabricated to form the microlens array layers 710, 720, and 730, respectively. The exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 7 includes a QPI device 210 and a QPI device cover glass 760 associated therewith. The design of optical elements 610, 620, and 630 takes into account the thickness and optical properties of the QPI device cover glass 760 to image the emitting surface of the QPI device cover glass 760. The exemplary embodiment of FIG. 7 represents the entire assembly of a spatial-optical directional light modulator. The typical total thickness of this exemplary embodiment of the space-optic directional optical modulator of the present invention shown in Fig. 7 is less than 5 millimeters. Such miniaturization of the directional light modulator is probably not attainable by the prior art directional light modulation technique.

Figs. 8 and 9 show the operation principle of a space-optic directional light modulator. 8 shows one of the modulation groups G _i composed of a two-dimensional array (n x n) of emission pixels of a QPI device, in which the size of a pixel group G _i along one axis is n = 2 ^m An exemplary embodiment is shown. Referring to Fig. 8, the directional modulation addressing that can be achieved by the pixel group G _i uses m-bit words to generate a modulation group G _i along each of the two axes x and y, Lt; / RTI > 9, there is shown a graphical representation of an embodiment of the present invention having a QPI device pixel group G _i in an individual direction within a three-dimensional volume defined by the angle divergence? Of the associated WLO microlens, as in the exemplary embodiment 600 X n) pixel is shown. By way of example, if the dimensions of the individual pixels of the QPI device are (5 x 5) microns and the QPI device pixel group consists of (n x n) = (2 ⁸ x 2 ⁸ ) = (256 x 256) pixel arrays, From each of the QPI device two-dimensional modulation pixel groups (G _i ) of the (1.28 × 1.28) millimeter size at the QPI device emission surface when the angle divergence of the WLO microlens is Θ = ± 15 °, (256) ² = 65,536 individually addressable directional light beams can be generated over the angular divergence so that the light generated in each direction of the 65,536 directions will typically have a relatively high frequency pulse width modulation of each pixel color component To be modulated in color and intensity, even if other control techniques such as proportional control are used as needed.

Any desired spatial and directional modulation function for a QPI device-based space-optic directional optical modulator can be achieved using an (N x M) array of directional modulation groups G _i as described in the previous inventive example. For example, if it is necessary to produce a spatial-optical directional optical modulator with a spatial modulation resolution of N = 320 x M = 240 providing a (256) ² = 65,536 directional modulation resolution, then the spatial- 320 x 320) directional modulation groups, and if a QPI device with a (5 x 5) micron pixel size is used, the total size of the spatially-optically directional light modulator will be approximately 41 x 32 cm. The light emitted from such a space-optically directional optical modulator can be spatially modulated at a resolution of (320 x 240) and is directionally modulated at a resolution of 65,536 within an angle divergence? Associated with its WLO microlens array For example, Θ = ± 15 ° for the exemplary embodiment 600), color and intensity can be modulated in each direction.

The resolution of the directional modulation of the optical modulator in terms of the number of individually addressable directions within the angle divergence? Of the wafer-level microlens array selects the pixel pitch of the emitting micro-emitter array QPI device, Selecting the lens pitch of the array, or a combination of both. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the lens system as shown in Figure 6 can be designed to allow a wider or narrower angular divergence?. It will also be appreciated by those skilled in the art that a small number or a large number of pixels within each modulation group G _i may be used to generate any desired directional modulation resolution.

Such a space-optic directional light modulator can be implemented by using a tiled array having a plurality of QPI devices, based on the total pixel resolution of the used QPI device. For example, when a QPI device with a (1024 x 1024) pixel resolution is used, each such QPI device can be used to implement an array of (2 x 2) modulation groups G _i , 6) Spatial-optical directional optical modulators with spatial light modulation resolution and 65,536 directional light modulation resolution can be implemented using a tiled array (3x3) of such QPI devices as shown in FIG.

Tiling of the array of QPI devices to implement a space-optically directional optical modulator is made possible due to the miniaturization that can be achieved by the emissive QPI device and the associated WLO. For example, in order to realize the (2 x 2) modulation group space-optical directional light modulator of the previous example by the implementation as shown in Fig. 7, each of 5.12 x 5.12 x 5 millimeters QPI device / WLO assembly with width, height and thickness of < RTI ID = 0.0 > It will be possible to implement a QPI device / WLO assembly in which the electrical interface is a Micro Ball Grid Array (MBGA) disposed on the opposite side of the emitting surface, such that the entire top surface of the QPI device / WLO assembly is exposed to the emitting surface And it becomes possible to tile a large number of such QPI device / WLO assemblies integrity to implement any desired size of space-optic directional light modulator. FIG. 11 illustrates the tiling of multiple QPI devices / WLO assemblies to implement any size of space-optic directional light modulator.

는 아래와 같이 주어진다. The operation principle of the spatial-optical directional light modulator will be described with reference to Figs. 8 and 9. Fig. Fig. 8 shows the two-dimensional addressing of each modulation group G _i using m-bit resolution for directional modulation. As described above, the light emitted from (2 ^m x 2 ^m ) individual pixels in the n x n array of modulation groups G _i is split by its associated WLO element into 2 2 ^m And are mapped in optical directions. Using the (x, y) dimensional coordinates of the individual pixels in each modulation group G _i , the angular coordinates of the emitted light beam

Is given as follows.

(수학식 1)

(1)

(수학식 2)

(2)

는 θ=0에서의 원선(polar axis)이 변조 그룹(G_i)의 방출 표면의 z축에 평행한 구면 좌표이고, m=log₂n은 변조 그룹(G_i)의 x 및 y 화소 해상도를 나타내는데 이용된 비트의 수이다. Here,

Is the spherical coordinate where the polar axis at? = 0 is parallel to the z-axis of the emitting surface of the modulation group G _i and m = log ₂ n is the x and y pixel resolution of the modulation group G _i It is the number of bits used to represent.

The spatial resolution of the space-optic directional optical modulator is simply defined by the coordinates of each individual modulation group G _{i in} the two-dimensional array of modulation groups with the entire spatial-optical directional optical modulator. There is, of course, some crosstalk between the pixels of a group and the microlenses for adjacent groups. However, the crosstalk is considerably reduced by the following aspects. First, due to the inherently collimated light emission of the QPI device, the light emitted from the QPI device pixel is typically confined to a ± 17 ° cone when the QPI device pixel is a light emitting diode, and the QPI device is coupled to the laser diode , It is confined to the ± 5 ° cone. Thus, placing a wafer level optical instrument (WLO) collimation lens element close to the cover glass 660 of the QPI device as shown in FIG. 6 allows most of the light emitted from each modulation group edge pixel to be transmitted to its associated WLO lens element (600). Secondly, as a further measure, the prime (some) edge pixels of each pixel group are turned off, further leakage of light (crosstalk) between adjacent lenses of the WLO microlens array is avoided. Considering, for example, the close proximity of the first microlens element and the ± 17 ° confined emission of the QPI device with its pixel light-emitting diode, as shown in Figure 6, The dark ring surrounding the outer edge of the crosstalk reduces the crosstalk to less than 1%. If the QPI device pixel is a laser diode, the number of turn-off pixels required would be much less, and even less, at all, because in this case the QPI device pixel light emission is confined to a much narrower ± 5 ° cone Because. Finally, there may be some (few) inactive, blank, or dead pixels between the active pixels in the QPI device in the array. Of course, baffles and / or band-limited optical diffusers can be used as needed, complicating the design of the optical modulator and causing excess optical loss.

10 shows an exemplary embodiment of a data processing block diagram of the spatial-optical directional light modulator of the present invention. The input data to the space-optic directional optical modulator will be formatted with a number of bit words, whereby each input word includes three data fields, one of which has a spatial-optical directional light modulator The address of the modulation group G _i in a modulation group array and the remaining two data fields provide a data representation of the light to be emitted from that modulation group in terms of color, intensity and direction. Referring to FIG. 10, data processing block 120 decodes the modulation group address field of the input data and routes the optical modulation data field to the QPI device associated with the designated modulation group. The data processing block 130 decodes the path-modulated modulation group address field and maps it to the address of the designated modulation group. The data processing block 140 decodes the directional modulation data field and maps it to the address of the designated pixel in the modulation group. The data processing block 150 associates the resulting pixel address with the associated light intensity and color data field of the input data. The data processing block 160 decodes the specified pixel address and routes the light modulated data to a designated pixel in a designated QPI device comprising a spatial-optical directional light modulator.

The total number of bits representing the modulated data word for each modulation group is 40 bits, using 16 bits for indicating directional modulation and a typical 24 bits for representing the light intensity and color modulated in each direction. Assuming that such a 40-bit word is input to a space-optic directional optical modulator that continuously addresses its constituent modulation group without losing generality, i. E., If consecutive addressing is used to input modulation group data 40-bit watts, Block 120 of FIG. 10 serves to route consecutively entered data words to designated QPI devices. Block 130 of FIG. 10 serves to route modulation data to a designated modulation group. Block 140 of FIG. 10 is responsible for mapping a 16-bit directional modulation data field to a designated address of a pixel having a designated modulation group. Block 150 of Figure 10 serves to associate the 24 bit light intensity and color data with the mapped pixel group address. Block 160 of FIG. 10 serves to route the 24 bit light intensity and color modulated data to a designated pixel in a designated QPI device with a spatial-optical directional light modulator. With this exemplary data processing flow of 40-bit word continuous data input, the spatial-optical directional light modulator intensity, color and direction modulate the light emitted from its aperture based on the encoded information in its input data. Light intensity and color modulation can be controlled, for example, as the pulse width modulation of the on / off time of a multicolor pixel, by controlling the average intensity of light and controlling the intensity of each color component resulting in the resulting color, Control techniques may be used. Regardless of direction and intensity, color, direction and intensity are controlled in multicolor systems.

Possible applications

The spatial-optical directional light modulator of the present invention can be used as a backlight for an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) to realize a 3D display. For example, only the space-optic directional light modulator itself may be used to implement a 3D display of any size realized as a tiled array of multiple QPI device / WLO assemblies as shown in FIG. The light modulator may be operated as a 2D high resolution display. In this case, the individual pixels of the QPI device are used to modulate color and intensity, but its integrated WLO can be used to fill the viewing angle of the display. The optical modulator can be switched from 2D to 3D display mode by adjusting the format of the input data to be suitable for the desired operation mode. If the light modulator is used as a 2D display, its light angle divergence may be associated with its WLO microlens array &thetas;, and the pixel resolution of the individual modulation group G _i will be levered to achieve a higher spatial resolution.

및

범위내의 각도만큼 그의 x축 및 y축을 중심으로 전체 어셈블리가 시간적으로 굴절된다. 도 12에 도시된 바와 같은 QPI/MLA 어셈블리(230)의 굴절은 2-축 짐발(gimbal)상에 전체 어셈블리를 배치함에 의해 달성되며, 그에 의해 그 짐발의 x-축은

의 범위내의 각도만큼 시간적으로 굴절되고, 그 짐발의 y축은

범위내의 각도만큼 시간적으로 굴절된다. 2-축 짐발에 의해 제공된 x축 및 y축 시간적 굴절은, QPI/MLA 어셈블리(230)로부터 방출된 광의 지향성 변조 각도가 MLA(220)의 마이크로 렌즈 소자에 의해 제공된 각도 크기를 벗어나 x 방향을 중심으로 2

만큼 시간적으로 연장되게 하고, y 방향을 중심으로 2

만큼 시간적으로 연장되게 한다(도 4 참조). 본 명세서에서 이용된 용어, 짐발 및 2축-짐발은 일반적으로 이용되는 용어로서, 항상 임의의 두개의 직교하는 축 중 어느 하나 또는 둘 모두에 대해 적어도 제한된 각도를 통해 회전을 허용하는 임의 구조를 의미한다. 따라서, 그러한 기능을 제공할 동심원 링, 볼 조인트(ball joint) 및 임의 다른 구조가 그 정의내에 포함된다.Another embodiment of the time-space-optical directional light modulator is conceptually shown in Fig. As shown in FIG. 12, the directional light modulator is composed of a emission micro-array QPI device 210, on which a WLO microlens array (MLA) 220 is mounted just above the top of its emission surface, In the center, preferably

And

The entire assembly is refracted temporally about its x and y axes by an angle within the range. The refraction of the QPI / MLA assembly 230 as shown in FIG. 12 is achieved by disposing the entire assembly on a two-axis gimbal, whereby the x-axis of the load foot

, And the y-axis of the load foot is

And is refracted temporally by an angle within the range. The x-axis and y-axis temporal reflections provided by the two-axis gimbal are designed such that the directional modulation angles of the light emitted from the QPI / MLA assembly 230 exceed the angular magnitudes provided by the microlens elements of the MLA 220, To 2

2 < / RTI > around the y direction

(See FIG. 4). As used herein, the terms gimbal and biaxial-gimbal are commonly used terms, meaning any structure that allows rotation through at least a limited angle to either or both of any two orthogonal axes at all times do. Accordingly, concentric rings, ball joints, and any other structures that will provide such functionality are included within its definition.

만큼 더 연장되고 y 방향으로 2

만큼 더 연장되는, 다수의 광 방향(d_1i, d_2i, ..., d_ni)(i = 1,2,...)으로 시간적으로 다중화되게 한다. 이것은 도 13a에 도시되는데, 거기에서는 하나의 굴절축을 따르는 QPI/MLA 어셈블리(230) 각도 방출 크기의 시간적 확장이 예시적으로 도시된다. 도 13a를 참조하면, 각도 Θ는 MLA(220)의 하나의 렌즈 소자의 각도 크기를 나타내고, 각도 α는 각각 x축 및 y축을 중심으로 한 각도

및

만큼의 짐발 굴절의 결과로서 렌즈 소자의 복합 순시 굴절 각도를 나타낸다. 도 12에 도시되고 도 13a에 설명된 QPI/MLA 어셈블리(230)의 굴절은 QPI 디바이스 회로를 통해 개별적으로 어드레스할 수 있는 QPI 디바이스(210)의 방출 마이크로 스케일 어레이내의 화소들이 공간적으로, 채색적으로 및 지향성으로 변조되는 광을 방출할 수 있게 하고, 그에 의해, 지향성 변조된 광의 각도 크기는 MLA(220)의 렌즈 소자의 각도 크기(Θ)(또는 개구수)를 벗어나, x 방향으로 각도 2

만큼 및 y 방향으로 각도 2

만큼 시간적으로 연장된다. 또한, 시간 공간-광학 지향성 광 변조기(220)의 시간적 굴절은

으로 표현된 각 굴절 방향으로의 각도 크기 확장의 비율만큼 변조된 개수의 광 방향(d₁, d₂, ..., d_n)을 시간적으로 증가시킨다. The x-axis and y-axis refraction of the QPI / MLA assembly 230 shown in Fig. 12 is such that light emitted in that direction (d ₁ , d ₂ , ..., d _n ) In addition to the angular size provided by the < RTI ID = 0.0 >

Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 2 < / RTI &

(I = 1, 2, ...) in a plurality of optical directions (d _1i , d _2i , ..., d _ni ) This is illustrated in FIG. 13A, in which a temporal extension of the QPI / MLA assembly 230 angular emission size along one refractive axis is illustratively shown. Referring to FIG. 13A, angle? Represents the angular magnitude of one lens element of MLA 220, angle? Represents an angle about the x and y axes, respectively

And

Of the lens element as a result of the gesture refraction. The refraction of the QPI / MLA assembly 230 shown in FIG. 12 and described in FIG. 13A may result in the pixels in the emission micro-scale array of individually addressable QPI devices 210 being spatially, Modulated light so that the angular magnitude of the directionally modulated light is greater than the angular magnitude (?) (Or numerical aperture) of the lens element of the MLA 220,

And 2 in y direction

Lt; / RTI > Further, the temporal refraction of the time-space-optical directional light modulator 220

(D ₁ , d ₂ , ..., d _n ) modulated by the ratio of the angular magnitude expansion to each refractive direction expressed by the following equation ( ₁ ).

가 예시적으로 도시된다. 시간 공간-광학 지향성 광 변조기(200)의 시간적 굴절이 이산적이거나 순차적이면(1320), 전형적인 각도 스텝 크기는 바람직하게 QPI/MLA 어셈블리(230)의 공간 해상도에 대한 MLA(220)의 각도 크기(Θ)의 비율에 비례한다. 도 13a 및 도 13b에 도시된 바와 같이, 시간 공간-광학 지향성 광 변조기의 QPI/MLA 어셈블리(230)의 시간적 굴절은 전형적으로 2-축 각각을 중심으로 반복적(또는 주기적)이고 독립적이다. 시간 공간-광학 광 변조기의 굴절의 반복 주기는 전형적으로 디스플레이 입력 데이터 프레임 기간에 비례하고 그에 동기화된다(참조를 위해, 전형적인 디스플레이에 대한 화상 입력 데이터는 초당 60 프레임이며, 60Hz 프레임 레이트 입력이라고 지칭하기도 한다). 도 13a 및 도 13b에 도시된 시간적 굴절의 최대값

은 값

에 의해 결정되는 시간 공간-광학 광 변조기에 의해 제공된 확장된 각도 크기를 결정하며, 여기에서 각도 Θ는 MLA(220)의 렌즈 소자의 각도 크기를 나타낸다. 전체적으로 x-축 및 y-축의 주기성은 전형적으로 요구된 디스플레이 입력 프레임 레이트내에서 시간 공간-광학 지향성 광 변조기(200)의 원하는 확장된 각도 크기의 시간적 커버리지를 인에이블하도록 선택된다. Time Space - The 2-axis refraction of the QPI / MLA assembly 230 of the optical directional optical modulator 200 may be temporally continuous or discrete (sequential). 13B shows the combined temporal bending angle of the QPI / MLA assembly 230 on one axis if the refraction is temporally continuous (1310) and the refraction is temporally discrete (1320)

Are illustrated by way of example. If the temporal refraction of the time space-optic directional optical modulator 200 is discrete or sequential 1320, the typical angular step size is preferably the angular size of the MLA 220 relative to the spatial resolution of the QPI / MLA assembly 230 Θ). 13A and 13B, the temporal refraction of the QPI / MLA assembly 230 of the time-space-optical directional light modulator is typically iterative (or periodic) and independent about each of the two axes. The repetition period of refraction of the time space-optic light modulator is typically proportional to and synchronized with the display input data frame period (for reference, the image input data for a typical display is 60 frames per second and may be referred to as a 60 Hz frame rate input do). The maximum value of the temporal refraction shown in Figs. 13A and 13B

Is the value

Determines the magnitude of the extended angle provided by the time-space optical modulator determined by the angle?, Where angle? Represents the angular magnitude of the lens element of the MLA 220. [ Overall, the x-axis and y-axis periodicity is typically selected to enable temporal coverage of the desired extended angular size of the time-space-optic directional light modulator 200 within the required display input frame rate.

및

은, 각각, MLA(220) 렌즈 소자의 다수개의 시간적으로 다중화된 각도 커버리지로 이루어지는 각도 커버리지를 생성할 것이다. x축 및 y축을 중심으로 한 QPI/MLA 어셈블리(230)의 각도 굴절

및

의 크기에 의거하여, 각도 커버리지 단면의 형상의 종횡비가 맞춤화될 수 있다. x 방향 및 y 방향을 중심으로 한 굴절 레이트는 그 각도 커버리지내의 시간적으로 생성된 광 방향들이 입력 화상 데이터의 변조 프레임내에서 적절한 듀티 사이클(duty cycle)(변조 기간)을 갖도록 보장하기에 충분하다. 예를 들어, 입력 화상 데이터의 변조 프레임이 전형적으로 60Hz 화상 프레임 레이트라고 지칭되는 초당 60 화상 프레임이면, 도 14에 도시된 각 시간적 각도 커버리지내의 각각의 광 방향들은 프레임당 1회씩 변조될 필요가 있을 것이며, 그에 따라 도 14에 도시된 각도 커버리지를 생성하는데 요구되는 굴절 레이트는 x축 또는 y축을 중심으로 적어도 180Hz로 된다. 다시 말해, 시간적 각도 커버리지의 크기가 각 축에 있어서의 각도 커버리지의 3배인 도 14에 도시된 각도 커버리지 예시의 경우, 도 14에 도시된 x축 또는 y축을 중심으로 한 굴절 레이트는 입력 화상 데이터 프레임 레이트의 적어도 3배로 될 필요가 있다. MLA 렌즈 소자의 각도 커버리지는 오버랩(overlap)중이거나 오버랩(non-overlap)중이 아닐 수 있다. 일반적으로, x축 또는 y축을 중심을 한 QPI/MLA 어셈블리(230)의 굴절 레이트는, 각각의 축을 따르는 각도 커버리지의 크기(각도) 및 동일 축을 따르는 각도 커버리지의 크기(도)간의 비율과 동일한 계수를, 입력 화상 데이터의 변조 프레임 레이트와 승산한 값과 적어도 동일해야 한다.12, 13 and 14 show the angular coverage section 510 of the QPI / MLA assembly 230 of the time-space-optic directional optical modulator 200, which is composed of a plurality of temporally angular coverage sections 520 of the MLA lens elements, do. The appropriately selected temporal refraction of the QPI / MLA assembly 230 about the x- and y-

And

Will produce angular coverage consisting of a plurality of temporally multiplexed angular coverage of the MLA 220 lens elements, respectively. The angular refraction of the QPI / MLA assembly 230 about the x and y axes

And

The aspect ratio of the shape of the angle coverage section can be customized. The refraction rate around the x and y directions is sufficient to ensure that the temporally generated light directions within that angular coverage have an appropriate duty cycle (modulation period) in the modulation frame of the input image data. For example, if the modulation frame of the input image data is 60 picture frames per second, typically referred to as a 60 Hz picture frame rate, each light direction within each temporal angle coverage shown in FIG. 14 needs to be modulated once per frame So that the refraction rate required to produce the angular coverage shown in Fig. 14 is at least 180 Hz around the x- or y-axis. In other words, in the case of the angular coverage example shown in Fig. 14 where the magnitude of temporal angle coverage is three times the angular coverage for each axis, the refraction rate around the x- or y- It needs to be at least three times the rate. The angular coverage of the MLA lens element may or may not be overlapping. In general, the refraction rate of the QPI / MLA assembly 230 about the x- or y-axis is the same as the ratio between the magnitude (angle) of angular coverage along each axis and the magnitude (degrees) of angular coverage along the same axis Should be at least equal to a value obtained by multiplying the modulation frame rate of the input image data.

Referring to FIG. 14, a QPI / MLA of a time-space-optical directional optical modulator 200 having a plurality of directionally modulated light beams emitted correspondingly to a plurality of pixels having a QPI device 210, Due to the temporal refraction of the assembly 230, a new set of directionally modulated light beams are temporally propagated in a pipeline manner until the extended angular dimension of the time-space-optical directional light modulator 200 is fully covered It can be added continuously as if it were some drop off temporally. At a given point in time, the intensity of a desired light beam in a given direction is accumulated (typically by pulse width modulation, but proportional control is used if necessary) while any given direction is held within the coverage of the temporally refracted aperture A full emissive aperture of the QPI / MLA assembly 230 may be used. As a result of this time-space-optical pipelining of a number of directionally modulated light beams, the response time of the time-space-optical light modulator can be proportional to the image data input rate with minimal latency. The time between when a given direction is maintained in the angular coverage determines the modulation time that can be used to modulate the light intensity in that direction so that the directions in the surrounding area of the extended angle coverage are not It can have a lower intensity than the inner region. This intensity edge tapering effect is somewhat similar to the Fresnel loss typically encountered at the edge of the optical system, but in the case of a time-space-optical optical modulator, Except that it can be compensated by an appropriate choice of the rate of temporal refraction of the QPI / MLA assembly 230 of the optical directional optical modulator 200.

가 x축을 중심으로 하는 하나의 렌즈 소자의 각도 크기(반각)를 나타내고,

가 y축을 중심으로 하는 하나의 렌즈 크기의 각도 크기를 나타내며,

가 2

이고,

가 2

이면, 굴절을 포함하는 전체 각도 크기는 하나의 마이크로 렌즈 소자의 각도 크기의 3배로 될 것이다(3×2

또는 3×2

). 예를 들어, x축의 경우, 이들 3개의 인접하는 각도 크기들은

내지

,

내지

, 및

내지

일 것이고, 각각의 각도 크기는 굴절에 있어서의 각도 증분이다. Alternatively, when using the 3x3 example again,

Represents the angular size (half angle) of one lens element about the x axis,

Represents the angular magnitude of one lens size about the y axis,

2

ego,

2

, The total angular magnitude, including refraction, will be three times the angular magnitude of one microlens element (3 x 2

Or 3x2

). For example, in the case of the x-axis, these three adjacent angular sizes

To

,

To

, And

To

, And each angular size is an angular increment in refraction.

In each direction, these three successive individual angular magnitudes can be regarded as a two-dimensional angular magnitude matrix as follows.

This alternative displays the angular magnitude 1 during the allotted time, then advances about the first axis by one angular increment for the same allocation time, displays the angular magnitude 2, and then once again during the allotted time Advances the angular increment and displays the angular magnitude 3, advances one angular increment on the other axis to display magnitude 6 for the next allotted time, advances one angular increment on that axis for the allotted time, It is a discontinuous technique such as displaying size 5. After the angular magnitude 9 is displayed during the allotted time, the angular magnitude 9 can be repeated (continuing the display for twice the allotted time, then reversing to avoid more than one angular increment at a time on one axis , It is expected that a flicker will be generated if a high rate is not used). A better approach would be to jump two angular increments for two axes simultaneously with an angular magnitude of 9 to an angular magnitude of 1. However, if the x and y axes are independent of each other and any change has an angular acceleration and subsequent angular deceleration such that the average velocity is greater in the case of a change of two angular increments than in the case of a change of one angular increment The jump of the two angular increments with respect to the two axes should not be twice the angle change length of one angular increment with respect to one axis. Another alternative includes a combination of discontinuous and continuous techniques. The point is that there are many alternatives to choose from, all of which are within the scope of the present invention.

An embodiment of the present invention, indicated at 1500 herein, is shown in Fig. 15, which includes the isometric view, top view and side view of this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 15, a time-space-optic directional optical modulator is used for the two-axis gimbal 1502, which is fabricated using a plurality of silicon substrate layers, hinge layer 1521, spacer layer 1528 and base layer 1530, Is accomplished by gluing the QPI / MLA assembly 230 (shown in FIG. 12) on the top side of the assembly 1520. 15, the hinge layer 1521 of the two-axis gang gusset assembly 1520 is comprised of an outer frame 1522, an inner ring 1523 and an inner segment 1525 on which the QPI / MLA assembly 1520, (1525 will be referred to below as a synonym for device bond pad 1525). The gap between outer frame 1522, inner ring 1523 and inner segment 1525 can be etched using standard semiconductor lithography techniques. Inner segment 1525 is physically connected to inner ring 1523 along the x-axis by two silicone hinges 1524, each of which is typically in the range of about 0.3mm-0.5mm width, and x Acts as an axial hinge, defines the neutral x-axis position of the gimbals, and acts as a mechanical resistance spring for x-axis refraction. The inner ring 1523 is connected to the outer frame 1522 along the y axis by two silicone hinges 1526 each of which is typically in the range of about 0.3-0.5 mm wide and acts as a y- , And also defines the neutral y-axis position of the gimbal and acts as a mechanical resistance spring for the y-axis refraction. The two pairs of silicone hinges 1524 and 1526 constitute a pivot point of the two-axis load gantry and x and y refractions can be performed about them. The inner segment 1525 of the hinge layer 1521 of the two-axis gimbal assembly 1520 includes a plurality of contact pads that are connected to the contact pads using standard solder such as a flip chip solder ball The QPI / MLA assembly 230 will be glued so that when the QPI / MLA assembly 230 is glued, the inner segment 1525 becomes an adhesive pad. A plurality of contact pads 1528 connecting the set of contact pads on the top side of the inner segment 1525 to the set of device contact pads 1527 disposed along the periphery of the outer frame 1522 through the x- and y-axis silicone hinges 1524, A metal rail is embedded within the inner segment 1525 of the hinge layer 1521 of the two-axis gimbal assembly 1520. The set of contact pads on the top of the inner segment 1525 is a contact pad that provides electrical and physical contact to the backside of the QPI / MLA assembly 230.

Referring to the side view of FIG. 15, a QPI / MLA assembly 230 bonded to the top of the inner segment 1525 is shown. The contact pads on the top of the inner segment 1525 and the contact pads on the back side of the QPI / MLA assembly 230 are electrically and physically connected by solder or eutectic ball grid array type bonding, Contact. The side view of FIG. 15 shows a base layer 1530 at the top using a BCB (BenzoCycloButene) polymer adhesive attachment and a spacer layer 1528 to which the hinge layer is bonded at the wafer level to the backside. The height (or thickness) of the spacer layer 1528 is selected to accommodate the vertical displacement of the corners of the bonded QPI / MLA assembly 230 and the inner segment 1525 at the maximum deflection angle. For example, if the diagonal of the inner segment 1525 is 5mm and the maximum deflection angle at that corner is 15 °, then the spacer layer 1528 may be used to accommodate the vertical displacement of the corner of the inner segment 1525 at the maximum deflection angle. ) Should be approximately 0.65 mm.

의 최대값

은 전형적으로 ±15°내지 ±17° 범위내에 존재한다.15, the refraction of the inner segment 1525 and the bonded QPI / MLA assembly 230 includes a set of electromagnets 1535 disposed at four corners on the back side of the inner segment 1525, A set of permanent magnets 1536 that are aligned with the four corners on the back side of the inner segment 1525 on the topmost side of the inner segment 1525. The electromagnet 1535 can be a coil having a metal core formed at the wafer level using multilayer imprint lithography on the backside of the inner segment 1525. [ The permanent magnet 1536 may typically be a thin magnetic field strip of neodymium magnets (Nd ₂ Fe ₁₄ B) or the like. The refraction of the inner segment 1525 and of the bonded QPI / MLA assembly 230 as described above is accomplished by the electromagnet (not shown) which causes the QPI / MLA assembly 230 adhered to the inner segment 1525 to be deflected in time 1535) and a set of permanent magnets 1536, by driving the set of electromagnets 1535 with an electrical signal having a suitable temporal amplitude change. The drive electrical signal to the set of electromagnets 1535 is supplied to the set of electromagnets 1535 via metal rails and contacts created by the QPI device 210 and incorporated in the inner segment 1525 described above to form the QPI device 210 ) And pixel modulation performed by the QPI device 210 to the extent that the desired directional modulation of color modulated light is enabled. The temporal variation of the drive electrical signal for the set of electromagnets 1535 can be achieved by temporal angular refraction of the inner segment 1525 and the bonded QPI / MLA assembly 230 about the x and y axes as shown in Fig. . Based on the thickness of the silicon substrate of the hinge layer 1521 and the selected width of the silicon hinges 1524 and 1526, the temporal angular refraction 1602 shown in FIG. 13B, which can be achieved by the embodiment 1500 of the present invention,

Maximum value of

Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 15 < / RTI >

A drive electrical signal for the set of electromagnets 1535 is generated by the QPI device 210 and supplied to a set of electromagnets 1535 through metal rails and contacts incorporated in the inner segment 1525 discussed above, ≪ / RTI > The base component of the drive electrical signal to the set of electromagnets 1535 represents a nominal value and the correction component is generated by the four sensor sets disposed on the backside of the inner segment 1525 aligned with the silicon hinges 1524 and 1526 Lt; / RTI > These sensors are arrays of infrared (IR) detectors located on the back side of the inner segment 1525 that align with the four IR emitters located on the top side of the base layer 1530. The output values of the four IR detector arrays are routed back to the QPI device via the metal rails and contacts incorporated in the inner segment 1525 described above and included as correction for the drive signal provided to the set of electromagnets 1535 by the QPI device , And is used to calculate an estimate of the error between the derived angle and the actual angle of refraction. The sensors disposed on the back side of the inner segment 1525 can be micro-scale gyros appropriately aligned to detect the angle of refraction along each of the two-axis of the gimbals.

16 shows another embodiment of the present invention, 16 is an isometric view and a side view of this embodiment. As shown in FIG. 16, an embodiment 1600 of the present invention consists of a two-axis gimbal assembly 1620 glued on top of a QPI / MLA assembly 230. FIG. 16 shows an exploded isometric view of an embodiment 1600 showing the constituent layers of the two-axis gimbal assembly of this embodiment. 16, the time-space-optic directional optical modulator includes a two-axis gimbal assembly 1620 that is fabricated using a plurality of silicon substrate layers: a pad layer 1621, a spring layer 1625, and a base layer 1630. [ Is achieved by bonding the QPI / MLA assembly 230 (shown in FIG. 12) to the top surface. The top of the facs layer 1621 includes a plurality of contact pads to which the QPI / MLA assemblies 230 are bonded using standard soldering techniques such as flip chip solder balls, The top of the pad layer 1621 is the adhesive layer / pad contact 1623 to which the QPI / MLA assembly 230 is bonded. The backside of the pad layer 1621 includes a spherical pivot 1635 formed by embossing a polycarbonate polymer on the backside of the pad layer 1621 at the wafer level using UV imprint lithography or the like. do. The embossed spherical pivot on pad layer 1621 and its backside will be referred to as hinged pads 1621/1635. The elevation of the center of the spherical pivot 1635 determines the altitude of the x and y axes of the angular diffraction. The top of the base layer 1630 includes a spherical socket 1636 formed by embossing a polycarbonate polymer on top of the base layer 1630 at the wafer level. Base layer 1630, along with spherical sockets 1636 embossed on its top, will be referred to as pedestal 1630/1636. The surface curvature of the spherical pockets 1635 included on the back side of the pad layer 1621 and the spherical sockets 1636 included on the top of the base layer 1630 is such that the hinged pads 1621/1635 Axis refraction pads when positioned on the top of the pedestal 1630/1636. The surfaces of the spherical pivot 1635 and the spherical socket 1636 may be formed of a thin graphite film 1635 and a spherical surface 1636. The surface of the spherical pivot 1635 and the spherical socket 1636, (50-100 nm) will reduce possible friction between the two surfaces due to refractive movements.

The hinged pads 1621/1635 are held in place by the spring layer 1625 in the surface curvature of the pedestal 1630/1636 where the spring layer 1625 is etched into the spring layer 1625 at each of its four corners And a single helical spring 1626, As shown in the exploded isometric view of FIG. 16, the inner edge of each of the four helical springs includes an inner bond pad 1627 corresponding to the same contact pad 1622 located on the back side of the pad layer 1621. Embedded within the helical spring 1626 is a number of metal rails that are used to route electrical interface signals from the inner bond pad to a set of edge contacts / pads 1628 located at the peripheral edge of the back layer of the spring layer 1625. The edge contact / pad 1628 on the back side of the outer end of the spring layer 1625 corresponds to a matching set of adhesive pads 1629 located at the peripheral edge of the base layer 1630. The edge contacts on the top side of the base layer 1630 are connected to a set of device contact pads 1631 disposed on the backside of the base layer 1630 through metal rails embedded in the base layer. 16, the backside of the edge contact / pad 1628 of the spring layer 1625 is bonded to the top bonding pad 1629 of the base layer 1630, as shown in the side view of FIG. And the inner helical spring pad 1627 of helical spring 1626 is bonded to the corresponding contact pad 1622 on the back side of the pad layer 1621, the four helical springs 1626 will expand. As described above, when the spring layer 1625 is bonded to the back side of the pad layer 1621 and the top side of the base layer 1630, the four helical springs extend to the maximum, (2) generate the mechanical balance necessary to sustain the neutral position of the hinged pads 1621/1635, and (b) And 3) routing the electrical interface signal from the device contact pad 1631 to the adhesive / contact layer 1623 of the QPI / MLA assembly 230. 16, a QPI / MLA assembly 230 bonded to the topmost adhesive layer / contact pad 1623 of the pad layer 1621 is shown. This may be an electrical and physical contact bond between the adhesive layer / contact pads 1623 and the contact pads on the back side of the QPI / MLA assembly 230, using solder or eutectic ball grid array type adhesion. In an operational configuration, the entire device assembly 1600 may be glued to the substrate using contact pads 1623 disposed on the back layer of the base layer, or bonded to the printed circuit board using solder balls or eutectic ball grid array type glues .

The side view of Figure 6 shows an expanded height of spherical socket 1636 that can be selected to accommodate the vertical displacement of the corners of hinged pads 1621/1635 with the bonded QPI / MLA assembly 230 at the maximum deflection angle Respectively. For example, if the diagonal of the hinged pads 1621/1635 and the bonded QPI / MLA assembly 230 is 5mm and the maximum deflection angle at that corner is +/- 30, then the expanded height of the spherical socket 1636 Is 1.25 mm to accommodate the vertical displacement of the corners of the hinged pads 1621/1635 with the QPI / MLA assembly 230 bonded at the maximum deflection angle.

Refraction of the pad layer 1621 with the bonded QPI / MLA assembly 230 may be achieved using a set of electromagnets embedded within the spherical pivot 1635 and a set of permanent magnets embedded within the spherical socket 1636. [ The actuation electrical drive signal is routed to the electromagnet embedded within the spherical pivot 1635, affecting the refractive movement described in the paragraph above. The base component of the actuation electrical drive signal for the electromagnet embedded in the spherical pivot 1635 represents the nominal value and is calculated from the angular bending error value produced by the set of four sensors disposed on the back side of the pad layer 1621 The correction component is derived. These sensors are an array of IR (InfraRed) detectors located on the backside of the pad layer 1621, aligned with four IR emitters located on top of the base layer 1630. The output values of these four IR detector arrays will be routed back to the QPI device through the metal rails and contacts included in the pad layer 1621 described above and provided as a set of electromagnets embedded within the spherical pivot 1635 by the QPI device Is used to calculate an estimate of the error between the actual refraction angle and the derived refraction angle to be included as a correction to the driving signal. The sensors disposed on the backside of the pad layer 1621 may be micro-scale gyros that are suitably aligned to detect the angle of refraction along each of the two axes of the load foot.

의 최대값

은 전형적으로 ±30°내지 ±35° 범위내에 존재한다.The permanent magnet built in the spherical socket 1636 can be a thin magnetic bar or wire typically made of neodymium magnets (Nd ₂ Fe ₁₄ B) or the like and can have a uniform magnetic field across the curved cavity of the spherical socket 1636 . The refraction of the pad layer and the bonded QPI / MLA assembly 230 as described above may be accomplished with a spherical socket (not shown) that causes the pad layer 1621 to be deflected in time with the QPI / MLA assembly 230 bonded as described above 1635 and an electromagnet 1535 built into the spherical pivot 1635 with an electrical signal having an appropriate temporal amplitude variation to affect the appropriate temporal change in the magnetic force between the permanent magnet built in the spherical pivot 1635 and the electromagnet set built in the spherical pivot 1635. [ ≪ / RTI > set). The drive electrical signal to the set of electromagnets 1535 embedded within the spherical pivot 1635 is routed through the metal rails and contacts created by the QPI device and contained on the pad layer 1621 described above and the QPI device 210 and pixel modulation performed by the QPI device to the extent that desired directional modulation of the color modulated light is possible. The temporal variation of the drive electrical signal for the electromagnet set embedded within the spherical pivot 1635 is determined by the time interval of the pad layer 1621 along the x and y axes and the bonded QPI / MLA assembly 230 as shown in FIG. It is selected to allow refraction. (1600) of the present invention, based on the expanded height of the spherical socket 1636 that adjusts the maximum vertical displacement of the corner of the pad layer 1621 with the bonded QPI / MLA assembly 130 The temporal angular refraction shown in Fig. 15

Maximum value of

Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 30 < / RTI >

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the gimbal actuator of the embodiments 1500 and 1600 of the present invention described in the previous paragraph can be implemented to substantially achieve the same purpose by exchanging the positions of the electromagnets and the permanent magnets.

의 최대값

과, QPI/MLA 어셈블리(230)의 경계 이외의, 각각의 실시 예가 필요로 하는 외부 영역에 있어서 주로 차이가 있다. 먼저, 도 16에 도시된 바와 같이, 본 발명의 실시 예(1600)에서는, 2-축 짐발이 QPI/MLA 어셈블리(230)의 풋프린트(footprint)내에 완전히 수용되지만(이하에서는 제로-에지 특징이라 할 것임), 도 15에 도시된 본 발명의 실시 예(1500)에서는 2-축 짐발이 QPI/MLA 어셈블리(230) 외부 경계의 외부 주변에 수용된다. 두 번째, 실시 예(1600)가 달성할 수 있는 시간 각도 굴절

의 최대값

은 실시 예(1500)가 제공할 수 있는 것 보다 2배 더 클 수 있다. 물론, 실시 예(1600)에 의해 달성될 수 있는 시간 각도 굴절

의 최대값

은 실시 예(1500)보다 더 큰 수직 높이를 요구한다는 대가를 치룬다. 실시 예(1600)의 제로-에지 특징은 대면적 디스플레이를 생성하도록 틸팅되기에 보다 적합하게 되도록 하며, 실시 예(1500)의 낮은 프로파일(낮은 높이) 특징은 이동 애플리케이션을 위한 소형 디스플레이를 생성하는데 보다 적합하게 되도록 한다.The two exemplary embodiments 1500 and 1600 of the present invention are based on a time angled refraction

Maximum value of

And the outer region required by each embodiment other than the boundary of the QPI / MLA assembly 230. [ First, as shown in FIG. 16, in an embodiment 1600 of the present invention, a two-axis load foot is fully accommodated within the footprint of the QPI / MLA assembly 230 (hereinafter zero- In an embodiment 1500 of the present invention shown in FIG. 15, a two-axis load foot is accommodated around the outer periphery of the outer boundary of the QPI / MLA assembly 230. Second, the time angular refraction that can be achieved by embodiment (1600)

Maximum value of

May be two times larger than what can be provided by embodiment (1500). Of course, the time angular refraction that can be achieved by embodiment (1600)

Maximum value of

Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 1500 < / RTI > The zero-edge feature of embodiment 1600 makes it more suitable to be tilted to produce a large-area display, and the low profile (low-height) feature of embodiment 1500 can be used to create a small display for mobile applications .

의 최대값

은 공간 해상도 증가를 위해 상실된 각도 크기를 복구하기 위한 고안 트레이드오프의 일부로 될 것이다. 이전 예시에 있어서, 굴절 각도의 최대값

이

= ±7.5°로 선택되면, 그의 시간 공간-광학 지향성 변조기는 (64×64) 화소들의 화소 그룹(G_i)을 이용하여 (

+ Θ) = ±15°의 확장된 각도 크기를 달성할 수 있을 것이다. 본질적으로, 주어진 각도 해상도 값 δΘ의 경우, 굴절 각도의 최대값

은 시간 공간-광학 지향성 변조기에 의해 달성될 수 있는 공간 해상도 또는 지향성 변조의 각도 크기를 증가시키는데 이용될 수 있는 파라메타로서 트레이드오프될 수 있다.The angular magnitude ([theta]) of the MLA 220 microlens systems 610, 620 and 630 can be adjusted by appropriately selecting the refractive surfaces of the microlens systems 610, 620 and 630 or by increasing or decreasing the number of its optical elements Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > 15 < / RTI > of the exemplary embodiment of FIGS. However, for a given resolution in terms of the number of pixels in the pixel modulation group G _i , by changing the angular magnitude (?) Of the MLA 220 microlens system, the time-space-optical directional light modulator of the present invention The angular resolution (separation) between the directionally modulated light beams emitted by the QPI / MLA assembly 230 is changed. For example, for a Θ = ± 15 ° angular size of the previous exemplary embodiment, if the pixel group G _i includes (128 × 128) pixels, then the QPI / The angular resolution between the directionally modulated light beams emitted by the MLA assembly 230 will be approximately?? = 0.23 占. In the same angle resolution value δΘ = 0.23 ° is MLA (220) decrease the angular size of the micro-lens system with Θ = ± 7.5 ° and a pixel group (G _i) the number of pixels (64 × 64) having a pixel Or the like. Generally, using a higher F / # (i.e., a smaller value of the angular magnitude?) For the MLA 220 microlens system allows for a given angular resolution value using a smaller pixel modulation group (G _i ) size Thereby making it possible to use more pixels within a given pixel resolution of the QPI device 210 thereby creating more pixel groups G _i and consequently the time-space-optical directionality of the present invention It is possible to create a higher spatial resolution than can be achieved by the QPI / MLA assembly 230 of the optical modulator. This tradeoff in the design allows the user to select an appropriate balance between the spatial resolution achievable by the QPI / MLA assembly 230 and the F / # of the MLA (220) microlens system design parameters. On the other hand, if the F / # of the MLA 220 microlens system is increased to increase the spatial resolution, the angular size that can be achieved by the QPI / MLA 230 of the time-space-optical directional light modulator of the present invention decreases do. At this point,

Maximum value of

Will be part of a devised trade-off to recover the lost angular size for increased spatial resolution. In the previous example, the maximum value of the refraction angle

this

= ± 7.5 °, its time-space-optically directional modulator uses a pixel group G _i of (64 × 64) pixels (

+ Θ) = ± 15 °. Essentially, for a given angular resolution value [Delta] [theta], the maximum value of the refraction angle

Can be traded off as a parameter that can be used to increase the angular magnitude of the spatial resolution or directional modulation that can be achieved by the time-space-optical directional modulator.

Unlike the prior art that uses a scanning mirror to modulate the beam of light in a tempo-directional manner, the time-space-optical modulator of the present invention generates a plurality of directionally modulated light beams at any given time, One very important aspect is that it differs. In the case of the time-space-optical modulator of the present invention, the plurality of directionally modulated light beams are temporally multiplexed by refraction of the burr QPI / MLA assembly 230 to extend the directional modulation resolution and angle magnitude. As described above (see Fig. 14), as the burr QPI / MLA assembly 230 is deflected, the directionally modulated light A new set of beams is added as if it were some drop off temporally pipelined. Thus, at any given point in time, any given direction is held temporally within the coverage of the refracted openings of the QPI / MLA assembly 230, so that the burdened QPI / MLA assembly 230 A full emissive aperture may be used. As a result of this temporal pipelining of the multiple directionally modulated light beams, the response time of the inventive time-space-optical light modulator can be proportional to the image data input rate with minimal latency. Further, the refraction of the load-displacement QPI / MLA assembly 230 of the time-space-optical directional optical modulator of the present invention, as it is refracted across the extended angular dimension of the time-space optical light modulator of the present invention, Stop pattern in which the blanking of the discharge opening of the QPI / MLA assembly 230 is minimized or not at all. Thus, both the slow response time, low efficiency and large capacity drawbacks of prior art directional light modulators are significantly overcome by the time-space-optical modulator of the present invention.

만큼 시간적으로 연장될 것이다. 따라서, 본 발명의 시간 공간-광학 지향성 광 변조기에 의해 제공되는 지향성 변조 각도 크기는 총 ±(Θ +

)의 각도 커버리지에 걸쳐 시간적으로 연장된다. 예를 들어, MLA(220) 렌즈 소자의 각도 크기가 Θ = ±15°이고, 최대 굴절 각도가

= ±30°이면, 시간 공간-광학 지향성 광 변조기에 의해 제공되는 확장된 각도 크기는 (Θ +

) = ±45°일 것이며, 시간적으로 생성할 수 있는 광 변조 방향은 [n(Θ +

)/Θ]² = 9×QPI/MLA 어셈블리(230)에 의해 생성될 수 있는 광 변조 방향의 개수, 즉, 9(128)² = 147,456개의 광 변조 방향일 것이다(도 14 참조). 이것은 본 발명의 시간 공간-광학 지향성 광 변조기에 의해 생성될 수 있는 광 변조 방향의 개수가 (3n×3n)이라는 의미이며, 여기에서 (n×n)은, QPI 디바이스 화소들의 개수의 측면에서 볼 때, MLA(220) 렌즈 소자들 중 하나와 관련된 화소 그룹(G_i)의 크기이다. 따라서, 본 예시의 경우, 시간 공간-광학 지향성 광 변조기는, QPI/MLA 어셈브리(230)에 의해 제공된 지향성 변조기 해상도의 9배까지 확장된 지향성 변조 해상도를 제공한다. 일반적으로, 시간 공간-광학 지향성 광 변조기에 의해 제공된 지향성 변조 해상도는 ±(Θ +

)의 각도에 걸쳐 연장된 각도 크기내에서 [n(Θ +

)/Θ]² 일 것이다. 8 and 9 show the operation principle of the time-space-optical directional light modulator. 8, one of the pixel groups G _i is composed of a two-dimensional (n × n) array of emission pixels of the QPI device 210, and for convenience, the size of the pixel group G _i is n = 2 ^m An exemplary embodiment to be selected is shown. Referring to Fig. 8, the directional modulation addressing that can be achieved by the pixel group G _i is to use the m-bit words to generate modulation groups G _i along each of the two axes x and y (n X n) pixels. FIG. 9 is a graphical representation of a QPI device pixel modulation group G _i in a separate direction within a three-dimensional volume defined by the angular magnitude? Of an associated MLA 220 microlens element, such as the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 6 a mapping of light emitted from (n x n) pixels is shown. (N x n) = (2 ⁷ x 2 ⁷ ) = (128 x 128), where QPI device pixel group G _i has a size of (5 x 5) microns, and the size of the individual pixels of the QPI device is (0.64 x 0.64) millimeter-sized QPI device two-dimensional modulation pixel groups (G _i ) in the QPI device emission surface if the angular size of the associated MLA (220) microlens element is Θ = ± 15 °. (128) 2 = 16,384 individually addressable directional light beams over the angular magnitude of [theta] = +/- 15 [deg.], Respectively, so that light generated in each direction of the 16,384 directions They can be modulated individually. When the QPI / MLA assembly 230 is refracted using the two-axis gimbal of the embodiments 1500 and 1600 as described above (see FIGS. 12 and 13a), by the lens elements of the QPI / MLA assembly 230 The directional modulation angle size provided is the maximum refraction angle provided by the gimbal < RTI ID = 0.0 >

As shown in FIG. Thus, the directional modulation angle magnitude provided by the time-space-optical directional optical modulator of the present invention is the sum of +/- (? +

Lt; RTI ID = 0.0 > angular < / RTI > For example, if the angular size of the MLA 220 lens element is < RTI ID = 0.0 > = 15,

= ± 30 °, the extended angular size provided by the time-space-optical directional light modulator is (Θ +

) = ± 45 °, and the temporally-generated light modulation direction is [n (Θ +

) / Θ] ² = 9 × QPI / MLA The number of light modulation directions that can be generated by the assembly 230, ie, 9 (128) ² = 147,456 light modulation directions (see FIG. This means that the number of optical modulation directions that can be generated by the time-space-optical directional optical modulator of the present invention is (3n x 3n), where (n x n) The size of the pixel group G _i associated with one of the MLA 220 lens elements. Thus, for the present example, the time-space-optical directional optical modulator provides an extended directional modulation resolution up to 9 times the directional modulator resolution provided by the QPI / MLA assembly 230. [ In general, the directional modulation resolution provided by the time-space-optical directional light modulator is ± (Θ +

(N + < RTI ID = 0.0 >

) / Θ] ² .

In addition to the directional modulation function for the time-space optical directional optical modulator of the present invention, spatial modulation using an (N x M) array of QPI device pixel modulation groups G _i as described in the previous inventive example is also possible Do. For example, if it is necessary to produce a directional optical modulator of the present invention having a spatial modulation resolution of N = 16 x M = 16 providing the (9 x 128) ² = 147,456 directional modulation resolution of the previous example, The time-space-optic directional optical modulator will have a (16 x 16) array of directional modulation groups G _i , and when a QPI device with a (5 x 5) micron pixel size is used, The overall size of the modulator will be approximately 10.24 x 10.24 mm. Using the angular magnitude values of the previous example, the light emitted from the spatial-optical directional optical modulator of the present invention can be directionally modulated at a resolution of 147,456 within an angular size of +/- 45 degrees, And color and intensity can be modulated in each direction.

As described in the previous example, the spatial and directional modulation resolution of the time-space-optical light modulator in terms of the number of individually addressable directions within a given angular magnitude is determined by the resolution of the emitting micro-emitter array QPI device 210, Pitch, the pitch of the MLA 220 lens element, the angular magnitude of the MLA 220 lens element, and the maximum refraction angle of the modulator load. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that in order to create a time-space-optical directional light modulator capable of achieving any desired spatial and directional modulation function, following the teachings provided in the above description, the angular size of the MLA lens system may be designed to be wider or narrower And the refraction angle of the gimbal can be selected to be wider or narrower, and it will be appreciated that the number of pixels in each modulation group can be chosen to be a few or more.

Any desired spatial and directional modulation function may be realized using the spatial-optical directional optical modulator of the present invention. In the previous example, it has been described that a spatial-optical directional optical modulator with (16) ^two spatial resolutions and (3 x 128) ^two- directional resolutions can be implemented using a single 10.24 x 10.24 mm QPI device 210. In order to realize a higher spatial resolution, the time-space-optical directional light modulator of the present invention can be implemented using a tile-like array having a plurality of time-space-optical directional light modulators of smaller spatial resolution of the present invention . For example, the previous exemplary time-space optical directional light modulator (3 × 3) When the array tiles as illustrated in Figure 11, the resulting time space-optical directional light modulator (3 × 16) ² spatial resolution And (3 x 128) ^bi- directional resolutions. Tiling of a number of time-space-optical directional modulators of the present invention for realizing a higher spatial resolution version is also possible because of its small volumetric dimension. For example, the time-space-optical directional light modulator of the previous example using a single QPI device 210 with an exemplary width, height, and thickness of 10.24 x 10.24 x 5 mm, respectively, has a width of 3.07 x 3.07 x 0.5 cm, And a larger resolution version shown in Fig. 11 with thickness dimensions. For example, than the time space of a small resolution when tiling is extended to include the (30 × 30) array of optical directional light modulator, the resulting time space-optical directional light modulator (30 × 16) ² spatial resolution and ( 3 x 128) ^bi- directional resolution, and may have a width, height, and thickness of 30.07 x 30.07 x 0.5 cm, respectively. By bonding a plurality of time-space-optical directional light modulators of the previous example to a backplane using the electrical contacts of a microball grid array (MBGA) arranged on the backside, To implement a high spatial resolution version of the optical directional light modulator and thus to consider the zero-edge characteristic of the embodiment 1600, a number of such < RTI ID = 0.0 > The integrity tiling of the directional light modulator devices can be realized. Of course, the size of the array of time-space-directed optical modulators shown in FIG. 11 can be increased to the extent necessary to realize any desired spatial resolution. It is also possible to trade off the directional resolution of the time-space optical directional light modulator with the increased spatial resolution. For example, if the pixel modulation group size is reduced to (64 x 64), the (3 x 3) array shown in Fig. 11 provides (3 x 32) ² spatial resolution and (3 x 64) ² directional resolution . An array of time-space-optic directional optical modulators providing the expanded spatial openings shown in FIG. 11 may be fabricated by the above-described zero-edge characteristics of the time-space-optic directional optical modulator embodiment 1600 of the present invention Points should be noted.

는 아래와 같이 주어진다.The operation principle of the time-space-optical directional light modulator will be described with reference to Figs. 8 and 9. Fig. Fig. 8 shows the two-dimensional addressing of each modulation group G _i using m-bit resolution for directional modulation. As described above, light emitted from the (2 ^m x 2 ^m ) individual pixels of the modulation group G _i is split by its associated MLA 220 element into 2 2 ^m light Gt; directions. ≪ / RTI > Using the (x, y) dimensional coordinates of the individual pixels in each modulation group G _i , the angular coordinates of the emitted light beam

Is given as follows.

(수학식 3)

(3)

(수학식 4)

(4)

및

는 시간 기점(time epoch) t에서 x축 및 y축을 중심으로 한 굴절 각도의 값들이고, 각도

및

는 θ=0에서의 원선(polar axis)이 변조 그룹(G_i)의 방출 표면의 z축에 평행한, 시간 기점 t에서의 지향성 변조 구면 좌표의 값이며, m=log₂n은 변조 그룹(G_i)의 x 및 y 화소 해상도를 나타내는데 이용된 비트의 수이다. 시간 공간-광학 지향성 광 변조기의 공간 해상도는 전체 시간 공간-광학 지향성 광 변조기를 구비하는 변조 그룹의 2차원 어레이내의 개별적 변조 그룹(G_i) 각각의 좌표(X,Y)에 의해 정의된다. 본질적으로, 시간 공간-광학 광 변조기는, 상술한 수학식 3 및 4에 의해 정의된 바와 같이, 시간 공간-광학 지향성 광 변조기의 굴절 각도의 시간적 값과 변조 그룹(G_i)내의 방출 화소들의 좌표 (x,y)의 값에 의해 정의된 지향성 좌표(

)와 변조 그룹 어레이에 의해 정의된 공간 좌표(X,Y)에 의해 설명된 광 필드(light field)를 시간적으로 생성(변조)할 수 있다. From here,

And

Are the values of the refraction angles about the x and y axes at the time epoch t,

And

Is the value of the directional modulation spherical coordinate at time base t, where the polar axis at? = 0 is parallel to the z-axis of the emission surface of the modulation group G _i , and m = log ₂ n is the modulation group Lt; _{RTI ID} = 0.0 > G _i ) < / RTI > The spatial resolution of the time space-optic directional optical modulator is defined by the coordinates (X, Y) of each individual modulation group G _{i in} the two-dimensional array of modulation groups with the entire time space-optical directional optical modulator. In essence, the time-space-optical light modulator, and time space as defined by the above equation (3) and four-coordinate of the optical directivity emitting pixels in the time of the refractive angle of the light modulator of values and a modulation group (G _i) (x, y) defined by the values of the directional coordinates

) And the light field described by the spatial coordinates (X, Y) defined by the modulation group array.

FIG. 10 shows an exemplary embodiment of a data processing block diagram of a space-optic directional light modulator, which is applicable to the time-space-optical embodiment of the present invention. The prior art description using typical 24 bits representing light intensity and color modulated in each direction and 16 bits representing directional modulation is applicable to the time-space-optical embodiment of the present invention.

Possible applications

The time-space-optical directional light modulator of the present invention can be used to implement a 3D display with any size realized, for example, as a tiled array of a number of time-space-optical directional light modulator devices as shown in FIG. . The extended angular size that can be realized by the time-space-optic directional light modulator enables the realization of a 3D display that provides a small viewing angle and a small viewing angle without using large and expensive optical assemblies. The volume downsizing level that can be achieved with time-space-oriented optical modulators enables the realization of desktop tops and mobile 3D displays. The extended directional modulation function of the time-space-optical directional optical modulator also has a number of views with an angular resolution value of delta & theta that is suitable for human visual system eye angular separation of the human visual system within its extended angular size. thereby enabling a 3D display that does not require the use of glasses to view the 3D content being displayed. In fact, considering a considerable number of independently modulated light beams that can be generated by the time-space-optical directional light modulator of the present invention, it is possible to modulate a 3D image with sufficient angular resolution values between multiple generated views Will eliminate the Vergence-Accommodation Conflict (VAC), which typically affects the performance of the 3D display and causes visual fatigue. In other words, the angular resolution function of the time-space-optical directional light modulator of the present invention makes it possible to generate a 3D image of no VAC that will not cause visual fatigue of the spectator. In addition, the optical field modulation function of the time-space-optical directional light modulator is a fundamental foundation of a 3D light field display that can be used to implement a synthetic holography 3D display.

)일 것이며, 개별 변조 그룹(G_i)의 화소 해상도는 보다 높은 공간 해상도를 달성하도록 레버리징될 것이다.The time-space-oriented optical modulator can be used as a backlight for a liquid crystal display (LCD) to implement a 3D display. In addition, the time-space-optical directional light modulator can be operated as a 2D high resolution display. In this case, the individual pixels of the QPI device 210 are used to modulate color and intensity, while the MLA 220 is used to fill the viewing angle of the display. The time-space-optical modulator can be switched from 2D to 3D display by adjusting its input data format to suit the desired mode of operation. When a time-space-optic directional optical modulator is used as the 2D display, its optical angular magnitude is equal to the sum of the angle of refraction of its gum foot relative to its MLA (220)

), And the pixel resolution of the individual modulation group G _i will be levered to achieve a higher spatial resolution.

Thus, the present invention can have many aspects that may be realized alone or in combinations or sub-combinations as needed. While certain preferred embodiments of the invention have been disclosed and described herein for purposes of illustration and description, those skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the following claims. .

Claims (48)

As an optical modulator,
Emitting micro-array array device having a micro-array of pixels,
Comprising a microlens array,
Each microlens in the microlens array spans a group of pixels of the emissive micrometer array so that the microlenses in the microlens array emit light from each emissive microemitter in each pixel group illumination) in a different direction
Optical modulator. The method according to claim 1,
Each pixel group is a two-dimensional pixel group
Optical modulator.
3. The method of claim 2,
Wherein each pixel of the emissive microemitter array device is an individually addressable solid state light emitter and wherein the solid state light emitter is selected from the group comprising light emitting diodes and laser diodes
Optical modulator.
The method of claim 3,
Each pixel of the emitting micro-emitter array device emitting a plurality of colors of light, each pixel being individually addressable to emit light of a selected color and intensity
Optical modulator.
The method of claim 3,
The pixels of the emissive microemitter array device have a linear dimension of less than 10 microns.
Optical modulator.
The method of claim 3,
The microlens array is composed of a plurality of stacked microlens arrays
Optical modulator.
5. The method of claim 4,
The direction, color and intensity addressing of the optical modulator is accomplished using multiple field data input to the optical modulator, whereby for each designated pixel group address in the spatial array of pixel groups, At least one input data field is used to specify the direction of the emitted light, and at least one field is used to specify the color and intensity of the emitted light in that designated direction
Optical modulator.
5. The method of claim 4,
The optical modulator is composed of a plurality of optical modulators, and the optical modulators are formed into a tile-shaped array
Optical modulator.
5. The method of claim 4,
Wherein the optical modulator comprises a plurality of optical modulators and comprises a collective set of optical modulators in a tiled array,
In each of the optical modulators, the pixels of the emitting microemitter array device are individually addressable to emit light of a selected color and intensity as multicolor pixels, and the microlens array is comprised of a plurality of stacked microlens arrays And each of the lenses of the microlens array is associated with and aligned with a plurality of pixels in each pixel group of each emission microemitter array device, and each lens emits light emitted from the plurality of pixels to the aperture Optically with a corresponding discrete set of directions in the number so that the intensity and color of light is emitted in each respective direction of the discrete direction set so that the optical modulator has an aperture that spans the population set of optical modulators To generate color, intensity, and direction-modulated light across Become
Optical modulator.
5. The method of claim 4,
The direction, color and intensity addressing of each pixel of the optical modulators is achieved using multiple field data inputs to the individual optical modulators so that for each designated pixel group address in the pixel array of pixel groups, At least one input data field is used to specify the direction and at least one field is used to specify the color and intensity of the light emitted in the specified direction
Optical modulator.
5. The method of claim 4,
The optical modulator may be switched to operate as a 3D display or a high resolution 2D display by adjusting the format of the multiple field data input to be suitable for the desired mode of operation
Optical modulator.
5. The method of claim 4,
Wherein the optical modulator is a backlight for a liquid crystal display to produce a 3D display or a 2D display,
Optical modulator.
13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12,
Wherein the other direction of illumination from the emissive microemitter defines an angular magnitude and wherein the emissive micrometer array device and the microlens array are assembled together and are angularly deflected as a single assembly around at least one axis, Within the plane of the emission surface of the array and within a range of +/- maximum angle of refraction
Optical modulator.
14. The method of claim 13,
The emissive microemitter array device and the microlens array are configured to be angularly deflected as a single assembly about two orthogonal axes within a range of ± maximum angular deflection around each axis
Optical modulator.
15. The method of claim 14,
The angular refraction may be used to increase the angular resolution between different directions or to increase the angular magnitude of the other directions of illumination from the emission microemitter
Optical modulator.
14. The method of claim 13,
Adjacent optical modulators in the tile-like array have some inactive edge pixels between active pixels in adjacent pixel groups
Optical modulator.
The method of claim 3,
Pixels of the emissive microemitter array device are individually addressable to emit light of a selected color and intensity, as multicolor pixels,
The microlens array having a plurality of stacked microlens arrays, each of the lenses of the microlens array being associated with and aligned with a plurality of pixels in the group of pixels of the emissive microemitter array device, each lens comprising a plurality To optically map the light emitted from the pixels of the discrete set of directions to a discrete set of directions within the numerical aperture of each lens such that the intensity and color of light is emitted in each respective direction of the discrete direction set, The optical modulator is capable of producing color, intensity and direction modulated light
Optical modulator.
The method according to claim 1,
The optical modulator is composed of a plurality of optical modulators, and the optical modulators are formed into a tile-shaped array
Optical modulator.
The method according to claim 1,
The optical modulator may be switched to operate as a 3D display or a high resolution 2D display by adjusting the format of the multiple field data input to be suitable for the desired mode of operation
Optical modulator.
As a directional light modulator,
A two-dimensional emission microemitter array device;
Comprising a microlens array of microlens elements,
The two-dimensional emission micro-emitter array device and the microlens array are assembled together and are angularly deflected as a single assembly so as to extend in the plane of the emission surface of the emission micro-emitter array about two axes, Emitting light within the range of angular refraction
Directional light modulator.
21. The method of claim 20,
Wherein the two-dimensional emission microemitter array comprises an array of pixels, each pixel comprising an individually addressable solid state light emitter
Directional light modulator.
22. The method of claim 21,
Each pixel of the two-dimensional emission microemitter array having dimensions not exceeding 20 x 20 microns
Directional light modulator.
22. The method of claim 21,
Each pixel is individually addressable to modulate the color and intensity of the emitted light
Directional light modulator.
21. The method of claim 20,
The angular refraction is provided by a gimbal support for an assembly of a two-dimensional emission microemitter array device and a microlens array, the assembly having an angular magnitude at each of the two axes by angular refraction of the gimp support Thereby temporally extending the set of optical directions along each of the two axes
Directional light modulator.
25. The method of claim 24,
The temporally extended angular magnitude is temporally continuous or discrete and has a repetition rate that is proportional to and synchronized with the image input data frame rate thereby causing a maximum angular refraction Is used to determine the angular extent, angular coverage, shape and aspect ratio of the directional light modulator
Directional light modulator.
26. The method of claim 25,
Wherein the angular refraction centered on each of the two axes is at least equal to a value equal to a ratio of the magnitude of the expanded angular magnitude to the angular magnitude along each axis multiplied by the frame rate of the input image data
Directional light modulator.
25. The method of claim 24,
The addressing of each pixel is accomplished using multiple field data inputs to the directional light modulator so that for each designated pixel group address in the spatial array of pixel groups the direction of the emitted light is specified At least one input data field is used to specify the color and intensity of the light emitted in the specified direction and at least one field is used
Directional light modulator.
21. The method of claim 20,
The directional light modulator is used as a display that can be switched to operate as a 3D display or a high resolution 2D display by adjusting the format of the data input to be suitable for the desired mode
Directional light modulator.
21. The method of claim 20,
The directional light modulator
Which is used as a backlight for a liquid crystal display (LCD) that can be switched to generate a 3D display or a high resolution 2D display
Directional light modulator.
21. The method of claim 20,
The directional light modulator is capable of modulating a plurality of views with an angular resolution value suitable for human visual system eye angular separation of the human visual system within its expanded angular size, 3D display that does not require the use of glasses to view 3D content
Directional light modulator.
As a directional light modulator,
A discharge micro-emitter array device having a plurality of pixels;
A microlens array aligned with and physically bonded to the emissive microemitter array device;
A two-axis gimbal with two sets of electromagnetic actuators,
Two sets of electromagnetic actuators are aligned on the two axes of the gimbals and affect the temporal angular refraction of the adhesive pads around the two axes of the load
Directional light modulator.
32. The method of claim 31,
The biaxial gimbal is embodied to realize a biaxial pivot of the gimbals and a mechanical resistance spring defining a neutral position of the gimbals relative to the gimbals base using a plurality of silicon substrate layers
Directional light modulator.
33. The method of claim 32,
Wherein the drive electrical signal for the electromagnetic actuator provides temporally continuous or discrete temporal angular deflection and has a repetition rate that is proportional to and synchronized with the image input data frame rate provided through the device interface contact, Wherein the drive electrical signal comprises a correction value provided by a set of sensors bonded to the top side of the base layer of the load foot and the back side of the contact pad
Directional light modulator.
32. The method of claim 31,
Wherein the biaxial gimbal includes a spherical pivot on the back side of the bonding pad and a matched spherical socket on the top side of the gimbal base
Directional light modulator.
32. The method of claim 31,
In the microlens array, each of its constituent lenses is precisely aligned with and associated with a respective plurality of pixels in a two-dimensional array of pixel groups, and each constituent lens emits light emitted from each of a plurality of pixels Is optically mapped into a corresponding discrete set of directions within the angular magnitude defined by the numerical aperture of each constituent lens
Directional light modulator.
32. The method of claim 31,
The directional light modulator is used to form a tiled array of directional light modulators with an extended spatial aperture
Directional light modulator.
37. The method of claim 36,
In the microlens array, each of its constituent lenses is precisely aligned with and associated with a respective plurality of pixels in a two-dimensional array of pixel groups, and each constituent lens emits light emitted from each of a plurality of pixels Optically maps to a corresponding discrete set of directions within an angular size defined by the numerical aperture of each constituent lens, the directional optical modulator further comprising a collective set of spatial arrays of pixel groups, Wherein each pixel in each pixel group is individually addressable to produce modulated light in color, intensity and direction so that the expanded spatial aperture optical modulator device is modulated in color, intensity and direction To generate spatially modulated light across a spatial aperture over a population set It is
Directional light modulator.
39. The method of claim 37,
The directional light modulator is used as a backlight for an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) for generating a 3D display or a 2D display that can be switched to operate as a 3D display or a high resolution 2D display
Directional light modulator.
39. The method of claim 37,
The directional light modulator may modulate a plurality of views having an angular resolution value suitable for human visual system angular separation of the human visual system within its expanded angular size, ≪ RTI ID = 0.0 > 3D < / RTI >
Directional light modulator.
32. The method of claim 31,
The directional light modulator is used as a backlight for an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) for generating a 3D display or a 2D display that can be switched to operate as a 3D display or a high resolution 2D display
Directional light modulator.
32. The method of claim 31,
The optical field modulation function of the directional light modulator is a fundamental foundation of a 3D light field display that can be used to implement a synthetic holography 3D display.
Directional light modulator.
A method of forming a directional light modulator,
Providing a discharge micro-emitter array device;
Providing a microlens array of microlens elements;
Aligning the microlens array with the emitting micromirror array device into the directional light modulator subassembly so that each microlens element of the microlens array is aligned with a corresponding plurality And associated with and aligned with the microemitter, emits light around the two axes in the plane of the emission surface of the emission microemitter array within a range of +/- maximum angular size, whereby each microlens element emits a corresponding plurality Optically mapping light emitted from the microemeters of the microlens array to a corresponding discrete set of directions within an angular dimension defined by the numerical aperture of each microlens element;
Temporally refracting the directional light modulator subassembly about at least a first axis in a plane of the assembly to cause the set of discrete directions to expand in response to the angular refraction
A method for forming a directional light modulator.
43. The method of claim 42,
Wherein the directional light modulator subassembly is deflected about a second axis in a plane of the assembly such that the discrete direction set is expanded in response to the angular deflection and the second axis is perpendicular to the first axis
A method for forming a directional light modulator.
44. The method of claim 43,
Providing an emitting micro-emitter array device includes providing a matrix of micro-emitter array devices on a single substrate,
Providing a microlens array comprises providing a matrix of microlens arrays,
The method of forming a directional light modulator comprises the steps of: mounting a matrix of microlens arrays on a matrix of micro-emitter array devices to form a matrix of directional light modulators; and providing a directional light modulator And dicing the matrix of < RTI ID = 0.0 >
A method for forming a directional light modulator.
45. The method of claim 44,
The matrix of microlens arrays is aligned with respect to the matrix of the micro-emitter array devices to form a matrix of directional light modulators using semiconductor wafer level alignment techniques
A method for forming a directional light modulator.
45. The method of claim 44,
The step of providing a matrix of microlens arrays includes providing a plurality of microlens array layers, wherein the microlens array layers are stacked on top of each other to form a matrix of microlens arrays Aligned
A method for forming a directional light modulator.
45. The method of claim 44,
Each microemitter is individually addressable to control its color and brightness
A method for forming a directional light modulator.
49. The method of claim 47,
The light emitted in the corresponding discrete direction set from the corresponding plurality of microemeters within the angular magnitude defined by the numerical aperture of each microlens element forms a corresponding pixel group, Associating with a time-wise extended direction set with addressing, individual addressing of the temporally extended direction set is enabled, whereby the directional light modulator is capable of directivity in arbitrary directions including a temporally extended set of light directions Generating modulated light
A method for forming a directional light modulator.

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