KR19980065953A - Light Irradiation Light Irradiation Apparatus and its Investigation Method - Google Patents
Light Irradiation Light Irradiation Apparatus and its Investigation Method Download PDFInfo
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- KR19980065953A KR19980065953A KR1019970001216A KR19970001216A KR19980065953A KR 19980065953 A KR19980065953 A KR 19980065953A KR 1019970001216 A KR1019970001216 A KR 1019970001216A KR 19970001216 A KR19970001216 A KR 19970001216A KR 19980065953 A KR19980065953 A KR 19980065953A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 43
- 210000002858 crystal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 30
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920002120 photoresistant polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004988 Nematic liquid crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000206 photolithography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/13378—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation
- G02F1/133788—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation by light irradiation, e.g. linearly polarised light photo-polymerisation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
- G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
- G02B6/0031—Reflecting element, sheet or layer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0066—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
- G02B6/007—Incandescent lamp or gas discharge lamp
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/1323—Arrangements for providing a switchable viewing angle
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
Abstract
본 발명은 1회의 광조사로 2개의 프리틸트를 얻도록 하는 광배향용 광조사장치를 제공하기 위한 것으로, 본 발명의 광조사장치는 광을 발생하는 램프, 상기한 램프에서 발생하는 광의 조사방향을 결정하는 렌즈, 상기한 렌즈를 통한 광을 흡수하므로서 프리틸트를 제어하는 배향막이 도포된 기판 및 상기한 배향막에 의해서 흡수되지 않은 광을 반사하여 상기한 배향막에 재조사하는 것에 의해, 광에너지의 부과적인 흡수를 발생하는 반사판으로 구성된다. 이때, 조사되는 광은 자외선을 포함하고, 편광된 광 또는 비편광된 광을 포함한다.The present invention provides a photoirradiation light source for obtaining two pretilts by one light irradiation. The light irradiation device of the present invention comprises a lamp for generating light, an irradiation direction of light generated in the lamp A substrate on which an alignment film for controlling pretilt is absorbed by absorbing the light through the lens, and a light which is not absorbed by the alignment film and is re-examined in the alignment film, And a reflector for generating a visible absorption. At this time, the light to be irradiated includes ultraviolet rays and includes polarized light or unpolarized light.
Description
본 발명은 액정셀의 광배향용 조사장치에 관한 것으로, 특히 광배향막이 형성된 기판에 광을 조사하여 배향을 실시하는 장치에서 반사영역을 가진 반사판을 이용하여 간단한 방법으로 복수의 프리틸트를 부여하는 광배향용 광조사장치 및 이를 이용한 프리틸트 제어방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to an apparatus for aligning a liquid crystal cell, and more particularly to a system for aligning a substrate on which a light alignment film is formed by irradiating light with a plurality of pretilts by a simple method using a reflection plate having a reflection area And a pre-tilt control method using the same.
액정셀은 두 개의 기판 사이에 액정을 일정하게 배향시켜 전압인가에 따라 그 액정의 배열을 변화시키는 표시장치이다. 따라서, 액정을 일정하게 배향시키기 위해서는 기판에 배향막을 도포하고 배향처리를 실시해야 한다. 배향처리는 적어도 하나의 기판에 프리틸트각과 프리틸트각 방향으로 정해지는 액정의 프리틸트를 결정하여 액정의 배열을 제어하도록 처리하는 것으로 현재, 기판에 배향막을 도포하고, 그 배향막에 기계적인 마찰에 의해 미세홈(microgrooves)을 형성하는 러빙법이 가장 일반적인 방법이다. 본 발명에서 프리틸트각이라는 것은 두 기판 사이에서 액정의 프리틸트가 한 기판면과 이루는 극각(polar angle)을 말하는 것이고, 프리틸트각 방향이라는 것은 상기한 프리틸트가 한 기판면에 투영되어 그 기판의 기준선과 이루는 방위각(azimuthal angle)을 정의하는 것이다. 또한, 본 명세서에서는 제1기판과 인접한 액정의 프리틸트를 제1배향막의 프리틸트라 하고, 제2기판과 인접한 액정의 프리틸트를 제2배향막의 프리틸트라 정의하고, 액정셀의 중간층의 액정의 프리틸트는 평균 프리틸트라 하여 제1배향막의 프리틸트와 제2배향막의 프리틸트 사이의 상호작용에 의해서 결정된다.A liquid crystal cell is a display device in which a liquid crystal is uniformly aligned between two substrates and the arrangement of the liquid crystal is changed according to a voltage application. Therefore, in order to uniformly orient the liquid crystal, it is necessary to apply an alignment film to the substrate and perform alignment treatment. In the alignment treatment, the alignment of the liquid crystal is controlled by determining the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal and the pretilt of the liquid crystal determined in the pretilt angle direction on at least one substrate. Currently, the alignment film is applied to the substrate, Rubbing is the most common method of forming microgrooves. In the present invention, the pre-tilt angle refers to a polar angle between a liquid crystal pre-tilt and a substrate plane between two substrates, and the pre-tilt angle direction means that the pre-tilt is projected onto a substrate surface, And the azimuthal angle with the baseline of the plane. In the present specification, the pretilt of the liquid crystal adjacent to the first substrate is referred to as a pretilt of the first alignment film, the pretilt of the liquid crystal adjacent to the second substrate is defined as the pretilt of the second alignment film, Is determined by the interaction between the pre-tilt of the first alignment film and the pre-tilt of the second alignment film, which is referred to as an average pre-tilt.
액정셀은 배향막의 프리틸트각에 따라, 수직배향모드와 수평배향모드의 액정셀로 나눌 수가 있다. 또한, 이들은 각각 제1배향막의 프리틸트각 방향과 제2배향막의 프리틸트각 방향에 따라, 그 방향이 서로 수직이면 트위스트 네마틱(Twisted Nematic : 이하 TN이라 칭함) 모드, 그 방향이 순방향으로 평행하면 ECB(Electrically controlled birefringence) 모드, 그 방향이 역방향으로 평행하면 밴드(bend) 모드, 및 그 프리틸트각 방향들이 전계인가에 따라 달라지는 횡전계(In-Plane Switching : 이하 IPS라 칭함)방식이라 하며 액정셀에 적용된다.The liquid crystal cell can be divided into liquid crystal cells of the vertical alignment mode and the horizontal alignment mode according to the pretilt angle of the alignment film. In addition, these are twisted nematic (hereinafter referred to as " TN ") modes in which the directions are orthogonal to each other according to the pretilt angular direction of the first alignment film and the pretilt angular direction of the second alignment film, An in-plane switching (hereinafter referred to as IPS) method in which an ECB (Electrically controlled birefringence) mode, a bend mode when the direction is parallel to the reverse direction, Is applied to the liquid crystal cell.
현재, 주로 사용되고 있는 액정셀은 수평배향모드의 TN 액정셀로서, 이 TN 액정셀은 시야각에 따라 광투과율이 달라지므로 화면의 대면적화에 제한이 되고 있다.At present, the liquid crystal cell which is mainly used is a TN liquid crystal cell of horizontally aligned mode, and the TN liquid crystal cell has a light transmittance varying according to a viewing angle, which limits a screen to a large size.
도 1(a)는 상기한 TN 액정셀의 광투과도와 전압과의 관계를 나타내는 그래프이고, 도 1(b)는 좌우방향의 시야각과 광투과도와의 관계를 나타내는 그래프이며, 도 1(c)는 상하방향의 시야각과 광투과도와의 관계를 나타내는 도면이다. 상기한 도면에서 나타내는 바와 같이, 좌우방향의 시야각에 대해서는 광투과도가 비교적 대칭적으로 분포하지만, 상하방향에서의 광투과도는 비대칭적으로 분포하기 때문에 상하방향의 시야각에서는 이미지가 반전되어 결국 시야각이 좁아지는 문제가 있다.Fig. 1 (a) is a graph showing the relationship between the light transmittance and the voltage of the TN liquid crystal cell. Fig. 1 (b) is a graph showing the relationship between the viewing angle in the left- Is a diagram showing the relationship between the vertical viewing angle and the light transmittance. As shown in the figure, the light transmittance in the horizontal direction is relatively symmetrically distributed, but the light transmittance in the vertical direction is asymmetrically distributed. Therefore, in the vertical viewing angle, the image is reversed, There is a problem to lose.
상기한 문제를 해결하기 위해, 현재 제안되고 있는 것이 하나의 화소에 평균 프리틸트가 다른 2개 이상의 도메인을 형성한 2도메인 액정셀(Two Domain Twisted Nematic : TDTN), 도메인 분할된 액정셀(Domain Divided Twisted Nematic : DDTN) 및 4도메인 액정셀(Four Domain Twisted Nematic)과 같은 멀티도메인 액정셀이다. 상기한 멀티도메인 액정셀은 각 도메인의 프리틸트가 서로 반대방향으로 형성되어 있으므로, 단일 도메인의 시야각 의존성이 보상되어 상하좌우의 어느 방향에서도 이미지의 반전이 없는 광시야각 액정셀을 이룰 수가 있다.In order to solve the above problems, currently proposed are a two-domain twisted nematic (TDTN) in which two or more domains having different average pre-tilt are formed in one pixel, a Domain Divided Twisted Nematic (DDTN) and Four Domain Twisted Nematic. In the multi-domain liquid crystal cell, since the pretilt of each domain is formed in opposite directions, the viewing angle dependency of a single domain is compensated, so that a wide viewing angle liquid crystal cell can be obtained without any image reversal in any direction.
상기한 멀티도메인 액정셀을 제작하기 위해서, 각 도메인마다 다른 프리틸트를 부여하기 위해서 배향처리를 반복 실시하여야 한다. 현재 주로 사용되고 있는 배향방법은 역방향 러빙법으로, 이 방법은 도 2(a)에 나타난 바와 같이, 폴리이미드와 같은 물질로 이루어진 배향막(8)이 도포된 기판(1)에, 러빙포로 기계적인 마찰을 하여 제1프리틸트를 도 2(b)에서처럼 결정한다. 상기한 제1프리틸트와 그 프리틸트각 또는 그 프리틸트각의 방향이 다른 제2프리틸트를 동일한 배향막(8)의 제2도메인(Ⅱ)에 부여하기 위해서 도 2(c)와 같이, 포토레지스트(10)를 전체 배향막(8) 위에 도포한 후, 제2도메인(Ⅱ)만 노광을 하여 포토레지스트(10)를 부분 제거한다. 도 2(d)와 같은 기판면 위에 역방향 러빙을 실시하여 제2도메인(Ⅱ)에 제2프리틸트를 부여한다. 상기한 나머지 포토레지스트(10)도 제거하면 도 2(f)와 같이 2개의 도메인으로 나뉜 배향막(8)이 도포된 기판(1)을 얻을 수가 있다.In order to manufacture the multi-domain liquid crystal cell, the alignment treatment must be repeatedly carried out in order to give different pre-tilt to each domain. The orientation method mainly used at present is a reverse rubbing method. This method is a method in which a substrate 1 to which an alignment film 8 made of a material such as polyimide is applied, as shown in Fig. 2 (a) And determines the first pre-tilt as shown in FIG. 2 (b). In order to give the first pretilt to the second domain II of the same alignment film 8 with a pretilt angle or a second pretilt angle different from the pretilt angle in the direction of the pretilt angle, After the resist 10 is applied on the entire alignment film 8, only the second domain II is exposed to partially remove the photoresist 10. The reverse rubbing is performed on the substrate surface as shown in FIG. 2 (d) to give a second pre-tilt to the second domain II. When the remaining photoresist 10 is also removed, the substrate 1 coated with the alignment film 8 divided into two domains as shown in Fig. 2 (f) can be obtained.
그러나, 상기한 역방향 러빙처리로 얻어진 배향막은 배향안정성은 우수하나, 배향막의 기계적 마찰에 의해 먼지와 전하를 발생시킴으로서 기판 위에 형성된 스위칭 소자에 손상을 주거나 배향불량을 일으켜 수율이 떨어지게 된다. 더욱이, 멀티도메인 액정셀 제작시, 기판에 도메인을 나누기 위해 포토레지스트를 도포하고 제거하는 사진식각공정과 같은 복잡한 공정을 실시하여야 하므로 전체 공정이 매우 복잡하게 된다.However, the orientation film obtained by the above-mentioned reverse rubbing treatment is excellent in orientation stability but generates dust and charges due to mechanical friction of the orientation film, thereby damaging the switching elements formed on the substrate or causing orientation defects, resulting in a reduced yield. Furthermore, when manufacturing a multi-domain liquid crystal cell, complicated processes such as photolithography process for applying and removing a photoresist to divide the domain into the substrate must be performed, which complicates the entire process.
상기한 2도메인 액정셀 보다 러빙공정이 감소된 간단한 방법으로 멀티도메인 액정셀을 제조하는 방법으로 도메인 분할된 액정셀이 있다. 이는 도 3(a) 및 도 3(b)에 나타난 바와 같이, 기판(1)에 프리틸트각 형성특징이 다른 무기배향막(8A)과 유기배향막(8B)을 도포하여, 유기배향막(8B)의 일부를 도 3(c)와 같이 제거하여 러빙을 실시(도 3(d))하면 도 3(e)와 같은 프리틸트각이 서로 다른 2개의 도메인이 형성된다.There is a domain-divided liquid crystal cell as a method of manufacturing a multi-domain liquid crystal cell by a simple method in which the rubbing process is reduced compared to the two-domain liquid crystal cell. 3 (a) and 3 (b), the inorganic alignment film 8A and the organic alignment film 8B having different characteristics of pretilt angle formation are coated on the substrate 1 to form the organic alignment film 8B 3 (c), and rubbing is performed (Fig. 3 (d)), two domains having different pretilt angles as shown in Fig. 3 (e) are formed.
그러나, 상기한 도메인 분할된 액정셀도 러빙에 의해서 배향되면 러빙에 의해 발생하는 문제, 즉, 먼지나 전하의 발생에 의해 수율이 감소되는 문제가 여전히 남아있다.However, when the above-mentioned domain-divided liquid crystal cell is also oriented by rubbing, there still remains a problem that the yield is reduced due to a problem caused by rubbing, that is, the generation of dust or electric charges.
본 발명은 상기한 문제를 감안하여 이루어진 것으로 러빙에 의해서 발생하는 문제점을 극복하기 위해서 러빙하지 않고 광을 이용하여 배향을 하게 된다. 특히, 본 발명의 배향막을 적용하므로서 종래의 광배향방법으로 불가능하였던, 프리틸트각의 제어가 전 범위에서 가능하게 되었다.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an optical device that does not rubbing but uses light to overcome the problems caused by rubbing. In particular, the application of the alignment film of the present invention makes it possible to control the pretilt angle over a full range, which was impossible with the conventional photo alignment method.
상기한 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명의 광조사장치는 광을 발생하는 램프, 상기한 램프에서 발생하는 광의 조사방향을 결정하는 렌즈, 상기한 렌즈를 통한 광을 흡수하므로서 프리틸트를 제어하는 배향막이 도포된 기판, 및 상기한 배향막에 의해서 흡수되지 않은 광을 반사하여 상기한 배향막에 재조사하는 것에 의해, 광에너지의 부과적인 흡수를 발생하는 반사판으로 구성된다. 이 때, 조사되는 광은 자외선을 포함하고, 편광된 광 또는 비편광된 광을 포함한다.According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a light irradiation apparatus comprising: a lamp that generates light; a lens that determines the direction of light emitted from the lamp; an alignment layer that controls pretilt by absorbing light through the lens; And a reflector for reflecting the light that has not been absorbed by the above-mentioned alignment film and re-examining the light onto the above-mentioned alignment film, thereby causing the absorption of light energy. At this time, the light to be irradiated includes ultraviolet rays and includes polarized light or unpolarized light.
도 1은, 종래의 트위스트 네마틱 액정셀의 특성을 나타내는 도면으로,FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the characteristics of a conventional twisted nematic liquid crystal cell,
(a)는 전압대 광투과율을 나타내는 그래프이며,(a) is a graph showing voltage vs. light transmittance,
(b)는 좌우 시야방향에서의 광투과율을 나타내는 그래프이며,(b) is a graph showing the light transmittance in the left and right viewing directions,
(c)는 상하 시야방향에서의 광투과율을 나타내는 그래프.(c) is a graph showing a light transmittance in a vertical direction.
도 2는, 러빙법을 이용한 2도메인 액정셀 제조방법을 나타내는 도면.2 is a view showing a method of manufacturing a two-domain liquid crystal cell using a rubbing method;
도 3은, 종래의 러빙법을 이용한 도메인 분할된 액정셀의 제조방법을 나타내는 도면.3 is a view showing a method of manufacturing a domain-divided liquid crystal cell using a conventional rubbing method;
도 4는, 본 발명의 배향막의 프리틸트각 형성특징을 나타내는 그래프.Fig. 4 is a graph showing the pretilt angle forming characteristics of the alignment film of the present invention. Fig.
도 5는, 본 발명의 광조사장치로 프리틸트를 형성하는 과정을 나타내는 도면.5 is a view showing a process of forming a pre-tilt by a light irradiation apparatus of the present invention.
도 6은, 본 발명의 도메인 분할된 액정셀의 제조방법의 일실시예를 나타내는 도면.6 is a view showing an embodiment of a method of manufacturing a domain-divided liquid crystal cell of the present invention.
본 발명의 광조사장치를 이용하여 폴리실록산계 물질(polysiloxne based materials)의 배향막 형성물질로 광배향처리하여 프리틸트각의 크기를 넓은 범위에서 제어한다. 상기한 물질은 도 4에서 보여지는 바와 같이, 흡수되는 광에너지 양에 따라 배향막에 부여되는 프리틸트각의 크기가 작아지는 특성을 가지므로, 광조사량을 제어하므로서 원하는 크기의 프리틸트각을 얻을 수가 있다.The photoirradiation apparatus of the present invention is used to photoinduced the orientation film forming material of polysiloxane based materials to control the pretilt angle in a wide range. As shown in FIG. 4, since the material has a characteristic that the pretilt angle given to the alignment layer is reduced according to the amount of the absorbed light energy, the pretilt angle of a desired size can be obtained by controlling the light irradiation amount have.
도 5는, 본 발명의 도메인 분할된 액정셀을 제작하기 위해 배향막에 프리틸트를 부여하는 장치를 나타내는 도면으로, 도면부호 15는 적어도 하나의 반사영역(15A)을 가진 반사판을 나타내는 것이고, 도면부호 11은 본 발명의 배향막(12)이 도포된 기판을 나타내는 것이다.5 is a view showing an apparatus for applying a pre-tilt to an alignment film for manufacturing a domain-divided liquid crystal cell according to the present invention, wherein reference numeral 15 denotes a reflection plate having at least one reflection region 15A, 11 shows a substrate to which the alignment film 12 of the present invention is applied.
도면에 나타난 바와 같이, 광이 램프(16)에 의해서 발생하여 렌즈(17)를 통하여 배향막이 도포된 기판(11)에 대해서 θ의 각도로 경사지게 조사되면, 배향막에 흡수되지 않은 광은 배향막에 대해서 다시 -θ의 각도로 반사된다. 상기한 반사된 광은 반사판(15)의 내부에 장착된 반사영역(15A)에서 재반사되어 배향막(12)에 되돌아와 흡수된다. 상기한 광의 경사조사에 의해서 배향막(12)에 흡수된 광의 에너지량은 직접 조사되는 배향막의 제1도메인(Ⅰ)에서 E1이고 재반사 조사되는 배향막의 제2도메인(Ⅱ)에서 E2이다. 이때, E2는 E1보다 작다. 따라서, 배향막에 형성되는 프리틸트각의 크기도 도 4에서처럼 E1의 에너지량이 조사되는 제1도메인(Ⅰ)에는 θlow의 작은 프리틸트각이 형성되고, E2의 에너지량이 조사되는 제2도메인(Ⅱ)에는 θhigh의 큰 프리틸트각이 형성되므로, 1회의 경사조사로 도메인 분할된 액정셀을 제작하는 것이 가능하다.As shown in the figure, when light is generated by the lamp 16 and is irradiated obliquely at an angle of? With respect to the substrate 11 coated with the alignment film through the lens 17, light not absorbed in the alignment film is incident on the alignment film Lt; / RTI > again at an angle of-theta. The reflected light is reflected back to the alignment layer 12 and absorbed in the reflection area 15A mounted inside the reflection plate 15. The energy amount of the light absorbed in the alignment film 12 by the inclined irradiation of the light is E 1 in the first domain I of the alignment film directly irradiated and E 2 in the second domain II of the alignment film to be retroreflected. At this time, E 2 is smaller than E 1 . Thus, as shown in 4 of the pretilt angles formed in the alignment film size is also a first domain (Ⅰ) is the amount of energy E 1 irradiated is formed in a small pre-tilt angle of θ low, the second domain, the amount of E 2 The energy irradiation (II), a large pretilt angle of &thetas; high is formed. Therefore, it is possible to manufacture a domain-divided liquid crystal cell by one tilt irradiation.
이때, 기판에 경사 조사되는 각도(θ), 각 도메인(Ⅰ, Ⅱ)의 길이(D) 및 기판(11)과 반사판(15) 사이의 거리(d)와의 관계는 아래의 수학식으로 표현될 수가 있다.At this time, the relationship between the angle (?) Tilted to the substrate, the length (D) of each domain (I, II) and the distance (d) between the substrate 11 and the reflector 15 is expressed by the following equation There is a number.
이 때, θ가 30°이면, tan 30°은 1/√3이므로 기판과 마스크 사이의 거리(d)는 한 도메인의 길이(D)의 ½√3이되고, θ가 45°이면, tan 45°는 1이므로 기판과 반사판 사이의 거리(d)는 한 도메인의 길이(D)의 ½이 되고, 또한 θ가 60°이면, tan 60°은 √3이므로 기판과 반사판 사이의 거리(d)는 한 도메인의 길이(D)의이 된다.At this time, if θ is 30 °, tan 30 ° is 1 / √3, so the distance d between the substrate and the mask is ½√3 of the length D of one domain. If θ is 45 °, ° is 1, the distance d between the substrate and the reflector is ½ of the length D of one domain, and if θ is 60 °, tan 60 ° is √3, so the distance d between the substrate and the reflector is The length (D) of a domain .
상기한 광배향 공정을 이용하여 멀티도메인 액정셀을 제작하는 공정은 도 6 에 나타나 있다. 도 6은 도메인 분할된 액정셀의 제조공정을 나타내는 도면으로, 도 6(d)와 같이, 시야각이 보상된 광시야각의 액정셀을 이룰 수가 있다.The process of fabricating the multi-domain liquid crystal cell using the photo-alignment process is shown in FIG. FIG. 6 is a view showing a manufacturing process of a domain-divided liquid crystal cell. As shown in FIG. 6 (d), a liquid crystal cell having a wide viewing angle in which a viewing angle is compensated can be obtained.
도 6(a)는 본 발명의 배향막(12)이 도포된 기판(11)을 나타내는 것으로, 본 발명의 배향막인 도 4와 같은 프리틸트각 형성특징을 가지고 있다. 상기한 배향막(12) 위에 도 6(b)와 같이, 투명영역과 반사영역(15A)을 가진 반사판(15)을 통하여 광을 경사조사하면, 반사판(15)의 투명부에 해당하는 제1도메인(Ⅰ)에는 강한 에너지가 조사되어 낮은 프리틸트각(θlow)으로 액정이 배향되고, 반사판(15) 반사영역(15A)에 해당하는 제2도메인(Ⅱ)에는 약한 에너지가 조사되어 큰 프리틸트각(θhigh)으로 액정이 배향된다. 이때, 경사조사되는 광으로는 자외선을 포함하고, 편광된 광 또는 비편광된 광을 모두 포함한다.FIG. 6A shows the substrate 11 coated with the alignment film 12 of the present invention, and has the characteristics of forming a pretilt angle as shown in FIG. 4, which is an alignment film of the present invention. 6 (b), when light is obliquely irradiated onto the alignment film 12 through the reflection plate 15 having the transparent region and the reflection region 15A, the first domain corresponding to the transparent portion of the reflection plate 15 (ⅰ) there is a strong energy irradiation low pretilt angle (θ low) the liquid crystal is aligned, the reflection plate 2 domain (ⅱ) for the 15 reflection area (15A) there is a low energy irradiation large pretilt The liquid crystal is aligned at the angle [theta] high . At this time, the light to be tilted includes ultraviolet light and includes both polarized light and unpolarized light.
상기한 바와 같은 공정으로 각 도메인의 프리틸트각이 다른 배향막으로 도포된 2개의 기판을 합착하면, 중간층의 액정의 프리틸트각 방향이 반대인 도메인 분할된 액정셀이 얻어진다. 도 6(c)는 상기한 액정셀의 일예의 평면도를 나타내는 것으로, 실선은 제1배향막의 프리틸트각 방향이고, 점선은 제2배향막의 프리틸트각 방향을 나타내는 것이고, 단일선은 작은 프리틸트각을, 이중선은 큰 프리틸트각을 나타내는 것이다. 또한, 각 프리틸트각 방향 사이의 점은 주시야각 방향을 나타내는 것이다. 상기한 도면에서 선 'A-A'선을 따른 단면도는 도 6(d)에 나타나 있다. 도면에서 알 수 있듯이, 각 도메인의 중간층에 있는 액정은 서로 반대방향으로 프리틸트각 방향이 결정되어 있으므로, 주시야각은 서로 반대방향으로 보상되어 각 도메인의 시야각 의존성이 보상된 광시야각의 액정셀을 제작하는 것이 가능하게 된다.When the two substrates coated with the alignment layers having different pre-tilt angles in the respective domains are adhered to each other by the above-described process, a domain-divided liquid crystal cell in which the pretilt angle directions of the liquid crystal in the intermediate layer are opposite to each other is obtained. 6 (c) shows a plan view of one example of the liquid crystal cell. The solid line indicates the pretilt angular direction of the first alignment film, the dotted line indicates the pretilt angular direction of the second alignment film, And the double line represents a large pre-tilt angle. Further, a point between each pretilt angle direction indicates the main viewing angle direction. A cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A 'in the above figure is shown in Fig. 6 (d). As can be seen from the figure, since the pretilt angular directions are determined in opposite directions to each other in the liquid crystal layer in the middle layer of each domain, the main viewing angles are compensated in opposite directions so that the viewing angle dependence of each domain is compensated, It becomes possible to produce the same.
본 발명은 상기한 바와 같은 일실시예를 예로 들어서 설명하였지만, 본 발명은 상기한 실시예에 한정되는 것은 아니다. 예를 들면, 배향막에 조사된 광이 흡수되지 않고 반사되거나 투광되는 광을 반사판을 이용하여 배향막의 일부영역에 재반사하도록 하는 장치로서, 각 영역의 흡수되는 광에너지량에 차등이 생기도록 프리틸트를 제어하는 것과 같은 다양한 응용은 본 발명에 속하는 사람이 본 발명의 개념에 위배됨 없이 용이하게 실시할 수 있을 것이다. 따라서, 본 발명의 범위는 상기한 일실시예에 한정되는 것이 아니라, 첨부한 특허청구범위에 의한 정의될 것이다.While the present invention has been described by way of example and in terms of the preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. For example, an apparatus for re-reflecting light, which is reflected or projected without absorbing light irradiated on an alignment film, to a partial area of an alignment film by using a reflector, is provided with a pretilt May be easily carried out without departing from the concept of the present invention by persons belonging to the present invention. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing embodiment.
본 발명은 상기한 반사영역을 가진 반사판을 가진 광조사장치를 이용하여 광배향으로 액정의 프리틸트를 제어하므로서, 1회의 광조사에 의해 도메인 분할된 액정셀을 얻는 것이 가능하게 되므로, 러빙에 의해 발생되는 문제점을 해결하고, 제조공정수가 단축된 상하좌우 방향에서 시야각을 개선한 멀티도메인 액정셀을 얻는 것이 가능하게 되었다.Since the present invention can obtain a liquid crystal cell that is domain-divided by one irradiation of light by controlling the pre-tilt of the liquid crystal in the light alignment by using the light irradiation device having the reflection plate having the reflection area described above, It is possible to obtain a multi-domain liquid crystal cell in which the problems caused are solved and the viewing angle is improved in the vertical and horizontal directions in which the number of manufacturing processes is shortened.
Claims (19)
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| KR100510890B1 (en) * | 1998-11-24 | 2005-08-26 | 우시오덴키 가부시키가이샤 | Inclined light irradiating apparatus |
| KR100510437B1 (en) * | 1997-06-24 | 2005-10-21 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Liquid crystal display device and method for forming liquid crystal cell used thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR100510437B1 (en) * | 1997-06-24 | 2005-10-21 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Liquid crystal display device and method for forming liquid crystal cell used thereof |
| KR100510890B1 (en) * | 1998-11-24 | 2005-08-26 | 우시오덴키 가부시키가이샤 | Inclined light irradiating apparatus |
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