KR102769640B1 - Excavation method of curved part and ceiling part of rock tunnel using cutter with improved degree of freedom - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for removing a rock block by forming a cutting groove in a tunnel excavation surface using a cutter installed at the tip of an excavator arm and inserting and striking a wedge of a hydraulic breaker into the cutting groove, wherein the cutter is capable of yaw rotation, pitch rotation, roll rotation and linear movement, so that it can excavate a curved surface of a tunnel side wall, a curved surface of a ceiling and a tunnel floor.

Description

{Excavation method of curved part and ceiling part of rock tunnel using cutter with improved degree of freedom}

The present invention relates to a tunnel excavation method, and more specifically, to a tunnel excavation method in which a cutter installed at the tip of an excavator arm is capable of yaw rotation, pitch rotation, roll rotation, and linear movement, thereby excavating a curved surface of a tunnel side wall, a curved surface of a ceiling, and a tunnel floor.

Typically, blasting methods for tunnel excavation or rock slope removal are used to drill a blast hole in the rock, load gunpowder, and then blast. However, blasting methods generate vibration and noise, so they are often not permitted in urban areas or areas adjacent to major buildings.

In order to solve the above problems of the blasting method, the present applicant has developed a method of cutting a cutting groove in a rock using an excavator attachment cutter (hereinafter referred to as “cutter”), and then inserting and striking a chisel or wedge (hereinafter, “chisel” and “wedge” are collectively referred to as “wedge”) of a hydraulic breaker into the cutting groove to remove a rock block. And this method is disclosed in Korean Patent Registration Nos. 10-1787966, 10-2154862, and 10-2221392.

However, since the cutter disclosed in the registration publication of the above patent has a limited degree of freedom, it is impossible to form a cutting groove for excavating the side wall or ceiling of a tunnel when used for tunnel excavation, as explained below.

First, Fig. 1 is a drawing showing the yaw rotation, pitch rotation, and roll rotation of the cutter blade (16).

Yaw rotation means that the cutter blade (16) rotates around the vertical axis (z-axis), pitch rotation means that the cutter blade (16) rotates around the transverse axis (y-axis), and roll rotation means that the cutter blade (16) rotates around the longitudinal axis (x-axis). The directions of the x, y, and z axes are not fixed but variable, but the three axes are always perpendicular to each other and the position of one axis is fixed relative to the other two axes.

However, when this cutter (10) is used for tunnel excavation, several problems occur. Fig. 2 is a side view showing the cutter (10). In Fig. 2, the arrow indicates that the cutter blade (16) moves linearly.

The cutter (10) may include a quick coupler (12), a connection head (13) installed below the quick coupler (12), a worm gear set (14) installed below the connection head (13), a linear moving part (15) installed below the worm gear set (14), a cutter blade (16) installed so as to be linearly moved along the linear moving part (15), and a rotation motor that rotates the cutter blade (16).

The cutter blade (16) can only rotate 360° by the worm gear set (14) and cannot be rolled.

In addition, as shown in Fig. 3, in order to rotate the cutter blade (16) in pitch, it is only possible to rotate the cutter blade (16) around the tip of the arm by using an arm cylinder (not shown in the drawing), so the pitch rotation angle is small. For example, Fig. 3 shows that the pitch angle is a maximum of 145°.

Due to such limitations, various problems occur when cutting a tunnel excavation surface, a tunnel side wall, and a tunnel ceiling using a cutter (100). Specifically, as shown in FIG. 4a, the linear moving part (15) is set up parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1) and the cutter blade (16) is moved up and down linearly while being perpendicular to the tunnel excavation surface (1) to cut the tunnel excavation surface. However, as shown in FIG. 4b, at the lower end of the tunnel excavation surface (1), the linear moving part (15) cannot be set up parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1) due to limitations in the pitch rotation angle, and thus, when cutting the lower end of the tunnel excavation surface (1), the cutter blade (16) cannot cut while moving linearly along the linear moving part (15).

And, as shown in Fig. 4c, even when cutting the tunnel ceiling (2), the linear moving part (15) cannot be installed in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel so as to be parallel to the tunnel ceiling (2) due to the limitation of the pitch rotation angle, and accordingly, when cutting the tunnel ceiling (2), the cutter blade (16) cannot cut while moving linearly along the linear moving part (15).

In addition, since the cutter (10) cannot rotate the roll, it cannot perform radial cutting on the tunnel ceiling (2) and side wall (3), as shown in Fig. 4d. In this specification, radial cutting means cutting the ceiling (2) and side wall (3) so that a radial cutting groove is formed based on the center of the tunnel cross-section.

Meanwhile, the cutter (10) is capable of vertical lookout cutting work on the tunnel ceiling (2) and floor, but as shown in FIGS. 5a and 5b, lookout cutting work or vertical cutting work on the tunnel side wall (3) is impossible because the pitch rotation angle of the cutter (10) is limited and roll rotation is impossible.

The present invention has been proposed to solve the above-described problems, and its purpose is to provide a method for excavating a curved portion and a ceiling portion of a rock tunnel using a cutter with improved freedom of operation. Specifically, the present invention provides a tunnel excavation method capable of excavating a curved surface of a tunnel side wall, a curved surface of a ceiling, and a tunnel floor surface by enabling a cutter installed as an attachment to an excavator arm to perform yaw rotation, pitch rotation, roll rotation, and linear movement.

In addition, another object of the present invention is to provide a tunnel excavation method using a hydraulic breaker with improved freedom of operation. That is, the purpose is to provide a tunnel excavation method in which a hydraulic breaker installed as an attachment to an excavator arm can be rolled and rotated by a tilt unit, and thus can be inserted into a cutting groove parallel to a tunnel excavation surface to strike and remove a rock block.

In order to achieve the above object, a tunnel excavation method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention may include: (a) a step of excavating a portion of a tunnel excavation surface (1) excluding a ceiling (2) and a side wall (3); (b) a step of forming a horizontal cutting groove (H1) on a tunnel side wall (3) using a cutter blade (160) installed at the tip of an excavator arm; (c) a step of arranging the cutter blade (160) so as to be parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1) and then forming an inner cutting groove (F1) parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1) on the tunnel side wall (3); and, (d) a step of inserting a wedge (211) into the inner cutting groove (F1) so as to be parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1) and striking it to remove a rock block formed by the intersection of the horizontal cutting groove (H1) and the inner cutting groove (F1).

In this case, it is preferable that the depth (D1) of the inner cutting groove (F1) in the tunnel length direction is smaller than or equal to the depth (D2) of the horizontal cutting groove (H1) in the tunnel length direction.

The above step (a) may include a first-stage excavation step and a second-stage excavation step.

The above first excavation step may include: (a1) forming a horizontal cutting groove (H1) and a vertical cutting groove (V1) on a tunnel excavation surface (1) using a cutter blade (160), and then inserting and striking a wedge (211) into the horizontal cutting groove (H1) or the vertical cutting groove (V1) to remove a rock block formed by the intersection of the horizontal cutting groove (H1) and the vertical cutting groove (V1).

And, the second excavation step can be performed by repeating the step (a1) above after the first excavation step is completed.

The above tunnel excavation method may include, in order to form a curved surface of a tunnel ceiling, (e) a step of cutting the tunnel ceiling (2) vertically while the cutter blade (160) is erected parallel to the longitudinal direction of the tunnel to form a vertical cutting groove (V1); (f) a step of arranging the cutter blade (160) so as to be parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1) and then forming an inner cutting groove (F2) parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1) on the tunnel ceiling (2); and, (g) a step of inserting and striking a wedge (211) into the inner cutting groove (F2) so as to be parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1) to remove a rock block formed by the intersection of the vertical cutting groove (V1) and the inner cutting groove (F2). In this case, the depth (D3) of the inner cutting groove (F2) in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel is preferably smaller than or equal to the depth (D4) of the vertical cutting groove (V1) in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.

The cutter (100) is capable of performing a yaw rotation that rotates the cutter blade (160) around the z-axis, a pitch rotation that rotates the cutter blade (160) around the y-axis, a roll rotation that rotates the cutter blade (160) around the x-axis, and a linear movement of the cutter blade (160). Here, the x, y, and z axes are three axes that are perpendicular to each other.

Preferably, the cutter (100) may include: a first worm gear set (120) installed below a connecting head (110); a tilt unit (130) installed below the first worm gear set (120) and rotatable from 0° to at least 90°; a second worm gear set (140) installed below the tilt unit (130); a linear moving unit (150) installed below the second worm gear set (140); and a cutter blade (160) installed to be linearly movable on the linear moving unit (150).

The first worm gear set (120) can rotate the tilt part (130) 360° yaw relative to the connecting head (110), the tilt part (130) can roll rotate the linear moving part (150) and the second worm gear set (140), and the second worm gear set (140) can rotate the linear moving part (150) relative to the tilt part (130).

By the tilt part (130) being rotatable, the cutter blade (160) can be made parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1) in steps (c) and (f).

The wedge (211) can be installed on a hydraulic breaker (210). The hydraulic breaker (210) can be capable of yaw rotation about the z-axis, pitch rotation about the y-axis, and roll rotation about the x-axis. Here, the x, y, and z-axes are three axes that are perpendicular to each other.

The above hydraulic breaker (210) can be installed at the tip of the excavator arm (11) by a connecting unit. The connecting unit can include: a first worm gear set (120) installed below a connecting head (110); a tilt part (130) installed below the first worm gear set (120) and capable of rotating from 0° to at least 90°; and a second worm gear set (140) installed below the tilt part (130).

The hydraulic breaker (210) is connected below the second worm gear set (140). The first worm gear set (120) can rotate the tilt part (130) 360° yaw relative to the connecting head (110), the tilt part (130) can roll rotate the second worm gear set (140) and the hydraulic breaker (210), and the second worm gear set (140) can rotate the hydraulic breaker (210) relative to the tilt part (130).

Since the tilt part (130) is rotatable, the wedge (211) can be inserted into the inner cutting groove (F1) (F2) parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1) in steps (d) and (g).

The above steps (c), (d), (f), and (g) can be performed with the excavator positioned obliquely so as to be spaced apart from the tunnel side wall (3) but inclined relative to the tunnel side wall (3).

A quick coupler (12) can be installed rotatably at the tip of the excavator arm (11). A connecting head (110) can be connected underneath the quick coupler (12).

The connecting head (110) includes a first surface (111) coupled with a quick coupler (12) and a second surface (112) coupled with a first worm gear set (120), and the first and second surfaces (111) (112) can form an angle (θ) of 35° to 75°.

By the above angle (θ) and the rotation of the tilt part (130), the pitch rotation angle can be increased toward the ceiling rather than the floor of the tunnel.

A rotary motor (161) and a reduction gear unit (162) for rotating the cutter blade (160) may be installed on one side of the cutter blade (160). In addition, in the steps (c) and (f), it is preferable that one side of the cutter blade (160) faces the rear of the tunnel and the other side of the cutter blade (160) faces the tunnel excavation surface.

The tunnel excavation method according to the present invention can excavate the curved surface of the tunnel side wall (3) and ceiling (2), and the tunnel bottom surface by using an excavator attachment cutter (100) with improved work freedom. That is, in the present invention, since the cutter (100) is capable of yaw rotation, pitch rotation, roll rotation, and linear movement, the curved surface of the tunnel side wall (3), the curved surface of the ceiling (2), and the tunnel bottom surface can be excavated. In particular, since the cutter (100) can be roll rotated by the tilt unit (130), a cutting groove (F1) (F2) can be formed on the tunnel side wall in a direction parallel to the tunnel excavation surface.

In addition, the tunnel excavation method according to the present invention provides a tunnel excavation method using a hydraulic breaker with improved freedom of operation. That is, since the hydraulic breaker installed as an attachment to an excavator arm can be rolled and rotated by a tilt unit (130), it can be inserted into a cutting groove (F1) (F2) in a direction parallel to the tunnel excavation surface to strike and remove a rock block.

FIG. 1 is a drawing showing the yaw rotation, pitch rotation, and roll rotation of the cutter blade as described herein.
Figure 2 is a side view of the cutter of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a side view of the pitch rotation of the cutter of Figure 1.
Figure 4a is a side view of the cutter of Figure 1 vertically cutting the tunnel face.
Figure 4b is a side view of the cutter of Figure 1 vertically cutting the bottom of the tunnel excavation surface.
Figure 4c is a side view of the cutter of Figure 1 cutting the tunnel ceiling in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.
Figure 4d is a rear view of the cutter of Figure 1 radially cutting the ceiling and side walls of the tunnel.
Figure 5a is a top view showing the cutter of Figure 1 cutting the side wall of the tunnel in a vertical direction.
Figure 5b is a view of Figure 5a viewed from the rear.
FIG. 6 is a side view of an excavator attachment cutter according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 7 is a perspective view showing the cutter of Figure 6.
Fig. 8a is a side view of the pitch rotation of the cutter of Fig. 6.
Figure 8b is an enlarged view of the tilt portion of Figure 8a.
Figure 9 is a top view of the cutter of Figure 6 cutting the tunnel side wall in the lookout direction.
Figure 10a is a perspective view showing the cutter of Figure 6 cutting a tunnel side wall.
FIG. 10a is a perspective view showing that the dust discharge direction is changed by changing the rotational direction of the cutter blade using the second worm gear set in FIG. 10a.
Fig. 11 is a photograph showing the first worm gear set (or the second worm gear set).
Fig. 12 is a forward perspective view showing the linear moving part of the cutter of Fig. 6.
Figure 13 is a reverse perspective view of Figure 12.
Figure 14 is a drawing showing a tunnel excavation surface (excluding the side walls and ceiling portions) excavated in two stages using a cutter and a wedge according to the present invention.
Figure 15a is a drawing showing the formation of a horizontal cutting groove (H1) to excavate the curved surface of a tunnel side wall.
Figure 15b is an enlarged view of the cutter portion of Figure 15a.
Figure 16a is a perspective view showing the cutter blade cutting the inside of the tunnel side wall excavated in two stages while being parallel to the tunnel excavation surface to form an inner cutting groove (F1).
Figure 16b is an enlarged view of the cutter portion of Figure 16a.
Figure 17a is a perspective view showing the wedge of the hydraulic breaker being inserted into the inner cutting groove (F1) parallel to the tunnel excavation surface to strike and remove the rock block.
Fig. 17b is an enlarged drawing of the hydraulic breaker portion of Fig. 17a.
Fig. 18 is a drawing viewed from the rear showing a radial cutting groove (R1) formed instead of a horizontal cutting groove (H1) on the tunnel side wall.
Figure 19a is a drawing showing the formation of a horizontal cutting groove (H1) to excavate the lower part of the tunnel side wall.
Figure 19b is a drawing showing the formation of an inner cutting groove (F1) to excavate the lower part of the tunnel side wall.
Figure 19c is a drawing showing removing a rock block by inserting and striking a wedge into an inner cutting groove (F1).
Figure 20a is a drawing showing the formation of a horizontal cutting groove (H1) to excavate the upper part of the tunnel side wall.
Figure 20b is a drawing showing the formation of an inner cutting groove (F1) to excavate the upper part of the tunnel side wall.
Figure 21a is a drawing showing the formation of a vertical cutting groove (V1) to excavate the curved surface of the tunnel ceiling.
Figure 21b is a drawing showing the formation of an inner cutting groove (F2) to excavate the curved surface of the tunnel ceiling.
Figure 21c is a drawing showing removing a rock block by inserting and striking a wedge into an inner cutting groove (F2).
Figure 22a is a drawing showing that a radial cutting groove (R2) is formed instead of a vertical cutting groove (V1) on the tunnel ceiling.
Fig. 22b is a view from the rear showing the formation of the radial cutting groove (R2) of Fig. 22a.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. Prior to this, the terms or words used in this specification and claims should not be interpreted as limited to their usual or dictionary meanings, and should be interpreted as meanings and concepts that conform to the technical idea of the present invention based on the principle that the inventor can appropriately define the concept of the term in order to explain his or her own invention in the best way. Therefore, the embodiments described in this specification and the configurations illustrated in the drawings are merely embodiments of the present invention and do not represent all of the technical idea of the present invention, and it should be understood that there may be various equivalents and modified examples that can replace them at the time of this application.

Meanwhile, in this specification, 'horizontal' includes not only horizontal in the mathematical sense, but also inclined in a state close to horizontal, and 'vertical' includes not only vertical in the mathematical sense, but also inclined in a state close to vertical. In addition, 'parallel' includes not only parallel in the mathematical sense, but also inclined in a state close to parallel.

As is known, blasting is widely used for tunnel excavation, but since blasting causes noise and vibration, it is often difficult to apply in urban areas or areas with major buildings. In contrast, a method of forming a cutting groove in rock by cutting, and then inserting and striking a wedge into the cutting groove to cause tensile fracture has the advantage of causing less noise and vibration. The cutter according to the present invention is a device for forming a groove (cutting groove) by cutting rock during tunnel excavation. In addition, this cutter can be used not only for tunnel excavation, but also for underground space excavation (underground structure construction), removal of open-air rock, demolition of concrete structures, interior spaces of buildings, nuclear power plant dome structures, and the like. Therefore, the excavation method according to the present invention can be used for various purposes, such as tunnel excavation, underground space excavation, removal of open-air rock, and demolition of concrete structures.

Meanwhile, in order to excavate a tunnel (or underground space) with a large cross-section, the upper part of the tunnel section can be excavated first and then the lower part of the section can be excavated while moving forward, and the noise and vibration generated while excavating the upper part of the section can be transmitted to the surroundings, so that the noise and vibration can be reduced by using the cutter according to the present invention. However, the use of the cutter is not limited to the upper part of the section, and can also be applied to the lower part of the section.

FIG. 6 is a side view of an excavator attachment cutter according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the cutter.

As shown in the drawing, the cutter (100) may include a connecting head (110), a first worm gear set (120) installed below the connecting head (110), a tilt unit (130) installed below the first worm gear set (120), a second worm gear set (140) installed below the tilt unit (130), a linear moving unit (150) installed below the second worm gear set (140), and a cutter blade (160) installed in the linear moving unit (150).

The connecting head (110) can be connected to the quick coupler (12). In addition, the quick coupler (12) is rotatably installed at the tip of the excavator arm (11) (i.e., although not shown in the drawing, the quick coupler can be connected to the arm cylinder). The connection between the connecting head (110) and the quick coupler (12) can be made by a known connection structure, for example, a connection structure between a hydraulic breaker and a quick coupler.

The connecting head (110) may include a first surface (111) facing the lower surface of the quick coupler (12) and a second surface (112) facing the first worm gear set (120). It is preferable that the connecting head (110) forms a triangle when viewed from the side. Since the first and second surfaces (111) (112) form a predetermined angle (θ in FIG. 6), as shown in FIGS. 8a and 8b, a greater degree of pitch freedom can be secured upward than downward. That is, compared to the conventional case, the cutter blade (160) can pitch rotate more toward the ceiling than toward the bottom surface.

Preferably, the angle (θ) is 20° to 80°, more preferably 35° to 75°, and most preferably 45° to 70°. If the angle (θ) is less than 20°, it is difficult for the linear moving part (150) to be parallel to the ceiling of the tunnel, and thus it is difficult for the cutter blade (160) to move linearly along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel to cut the ceiling. If the angle (θ) is greater than 80°, it is difficult for the linear moving part (150) to be parallel to the bottom surface of the tunnel, and thus it is difficult for the cutter blade (160) to move linearly along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel to cut the bottom surface.

The first worm gear set (120) is installed below the connecting head (110) and rotates the tilt part (130), the second worm gear set (140), the linear moving part (150), and the cutter blade (160) by 360°.

As shown in Fig. 11, the first worm gear set (120) may include a fastening member (121), a worm wheel gear (123), a worm gear (125), and a hydraulic motor (126).

The fastening member (121) is a member in the shape of a circular ring and includes a plurality of first bolt holes (122) formed in a circumferential direction. A bolt (not shown in the drawing) that connects the connecting head (110) and the fastening member (121) is installed in the first bolt hole (122).

The worm wheel gear (123) is installed so as to be rotatable on the inside of the fastening member (121). In addition, a plurality of second bolt holes (124) are formed in the worm wheel gear (123), and bolts (not shown in the drawing) for fastening the tilt member (130) and the worm wheel gear (123) are installed in the second bolt holes (124).

The worm gear (125) is installed to mesh with the worm wheel gear (123) and is rotated by a hydraulic motor (126). The hydraulic motor (126) can be operated using hydraulic pressure used to operate the excavator. Meanwhile, an electric motor may be used instead of the hydraulic motor (126).

The worm gear (125) and the worm wheel gear (123) can obtain a reduction ratio of 1/20 to 1/100, preferably a reduction ratio of 1/60. Accordingly, low rotation speed and high torque can be generated with the power of a small hydraulic motor, so that the cutter blade (160) can be easily rotated without moving the excavator.

When the worm gear (125) is rotated by the hydraulic motor (126), the worm wheel gear (123) is rotated at a reduced speed, and the tilt part (130) can be yaw rotated by the rotation of the worm wheel gear (123).

The tilt unit (130) is coupled to the worm wheel gear (123) and rotates together with the worm wheel gear (123). As shown in FIG. 6 and FIGS. 8a to 8b, the tilt unit (130) may include an upper bracket (131) coupled to the first worm gear set (120), a lower bracket (132) coupled to the second worm gear set (140), a rotation axis (135) of the upper and lower brackets, and a cylinder (133) that rotates the upper and lower brackets (131) (132) about the rotation axis (135).

As the cylinder (133) contracts, the upper and lower brackets (131) (132) are closed (i.e., the upper and lower brackets become parallel), and as shown in FIGS. 8a and 8b, as the cylinder (133) extends, the upper and lower brackets (131) (132) become vertical. In this way, roll rotation can be achieved by rotating the tilt unit (130). Meanwhile, the rotation angle of the tilt unit (130) can be 0° to 90°, but can also be rotated by more than 90°. That is, the rotation of the tilt unit can be from 0° to at least 90°.

The tilt part (130) increases the pitch rotation angle. As shown in FIG. 3, since there was no tilt part in the past, the pitch rotation angle was at most about 145°, but as shown in FIG. 8a, since the cutter (100) according to the present invention has the tilt part (130), the pitch rotation angle can be at most about 235°.

The second worm gear set (140) is installed below the tilt part (130). Specifically, the second worm gear set (140) is installed by being coupled to the lower bracket (132). Therefore, the second worm gear set (140) rotates together with the lower bracket (132) as the cylinder (133) contracts and extends.

As shown in Fig. 11, the second worm gear set (140) may have the same configuration and the same operating principle as the first worm gear set (120), but the second worm gear set (140) operates separately from the first worm gear set (120).

The second worm gear set (140) may include a fastening member (121), a worm wheel gear (123), a worm gear (125), and a hydraulic motor (126). The fastening member (121) is fastened to the lower bracket (132), and the worm wheel gear (123) is fastened to the linear moving member (150).

When the rotation axis of the second worm gear set (140) and the rotation axis of the first worm gear set (120) are positioned on the same line, the second worm gear set (140) can also yaw rotate the linear moving part (150) together with the first worm gear set (120), but the rotation of the second worm gear set (140) is performed separately from the rotation of the first worm gear set (120), and accordingly, the rotation direction of the second worm gear set (140) and the rotation direction of the first worm gear set (120) may be the same or different.

And, as shown in FIGS. 10a to 10b, the second worm gear set (140) can adjust the rock (crushed material) discharge direction of the cutter blade (160). That is, in the state of FIG. 10a, since the cutter blade (160) rotates clockwise when viewed from above, the rock (crushed material) is discharged forward, but in the state of FIG. 10b, since the cutter blade (160) rotates counterclockwise, the rock (crushed material) is discharged backward.

The linear moving part (150) is coupled with the worm wheel gear (123) of the second worm gear set (140) and rotates together. The linear moving part (150) moves the cutter blade (160) linearly (straight). Fig. 12 is a forward perspective view showing the linear moving part (150), and Fig. 13 is a reverse perspective view showing the linear moving part (150). In order to illustrate the internal structure of the linear moving part (150), the cover (case) of the linear moving part (150) is omitted in Figs. 12 and 13.

The linear moving part (150) may include a fixed frame formed in a long straight line in the longitudinal direction, a sliding frame (153) installed to be able to slide linearly (straight) on the fixed frame, and a hydraulic cylinder (154) that slides the sliding frame (153).

A cutter blade (160), a rotary motor (161), and a reduction gear unit (162) are installed in the sliding frame (153). Accordingly, the cutter blade (160) moves linearly by sliding the sliding frame (153) in a straight line by the extension and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder (154).

The upper and lower ends of the fixed frame each include a guide groove (151) formed in the longitudinal direction of the fixed frame, an injection port (152a) for injecting grease into the guide groove (151), and a discharge port (152b) for discharging grease. The fixed frame is installed to be combined with the worm wheel gear (123) of the second worm gear set (140).

The upper and lower ends of the sliding frame (153) are inserted into the guide groove (151) and guided. In addition, one part of the hydraulic cylinder (154) is fixed to the fixed frame and the other part is fixed to the sliding frame (153). Accordingly, when the hydraulic cylinder (154) is extended or contracted, the sliding frame (153) moves linearly along the guide groove (151), and accordingly, the cutter blade (160) also moves linearly.

When cutting a rock or concrete structure, rock powder or concrete powder may flow into the guide groove (151) and interfere with the sliding of the sliding frame (153). To prevent this, the present invention injects high-pressure grease through the injection port (152a), and causes the injected grease to flow down the guide groove (151) and be discharged to the outside through the discharge port (152b) together with rock powder and the like existing in the guide groove (151). A plurality of injection ports (152a) may be formed at predetermined intervals on the fixed frame. In addition, the discharge ports (152b) may be formed at both ends of the guide groove (151).

As above, the linear moving part (150) is a linear transport system using a hydraulic cylinder (154), and the cutter blade (160) is transported in a straight line by operating the hydraulic cylinder (154). Therefore, compared to the past when the excavator operator transported the cutter by manipulating the boom cylinder and the arm cylinder in combination, the cutting work can be performed much more easily and stably.

The cutter blade (160) is rotated by the rotational force transmitted through the rotational motor (161) and the reduction gear unit (162). The rotational force of the rotational motor (161) is reduced by the reduction gear unit (162) and then transmitted to the cutter blade (160). The rotational motor (161) can be operated using hydraulic pressure used to drive the excavator. Meanwhile, a conventional electric motor may be used instead of the rotational motor (161).

The cover (190 in FIG. 6) is installed to cover the upper part of the cutter blade (160) to prevent dust from flying. In addition, a nozzle part (not shown in the drawing) that sprays cooling water may be provided to cool the cutter blade (160).

The reduction gear unit (162) includes an input shaft gear (162a) and an output shaft gear (162b) that are installed to mesh with each other, as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. The input shaft gear (162a) is rotated by a rotary motor (161), the rotational power of the input shaft gear (162a) is transmitted to the output shaft gear (162b), and the cutter blade (160) is rotated by the rotation of the output shaft gear (162b).

As described above, the cutter blade (160) rotates while being linearly transported by the linear moving part (150) to cut rocks, concrete structures, etc. And, as described above, the cutter blade (160) can be yaw-rotated, pitch-rotated, and roll-rotated.

[Method of excavating the portion of the tunnel excavation surface excluding the tunnel side walls and ceiling (the central portion of the tunnel excavation surface)]

The cutter (100) can cut the tunnel excavation surface (1) to form cutting grooves (H1)(V1)(F1)(F2), and rock blocks can be formed by the cutting grooves (H1)(V1)(F1)(F2) intersecting each other. Then, a wedge or chisel (a wedge and a chisel are collectively called a 'wedge') of a hydraulic breaker can be inserted into the cutting groove (F1)(F2) and then struck to remove rock blocks one by one.

For reference, the formation of these cutting grooves (H1)(V1)(F1)(F2) and their removal by striking the rock block are disclosed in the applicant's Republic of Korea Patent Registration Nos. 10-1787966, 10-2154862, and 10-2221392, so a detailed description thereof will be omitted here. In addition, all contents described in the registration publications of the above patents are incorporated herein by reference.

Fig. 14 shows that a portion of a tunnel excavation surface excluding the tunnel side walls and ceiling (i.e., the central portion of the tunnel) is excavated in two stages using a cutter (100) and a wedge. This excavation can be performed by forming a horizontal cutting groove (H1) and a vertical cutting groove (V1) using a cutter (100), and then inserting and striking a wedge (the wedge is installed at the tip of the excavator arm as an attachment of the excavator) into the horizontal cutting groove (H1) or the vertical cutting groove (V1).

Meanwhile, among the reference symbols in the drawing, '4' indicates a first-stage excavated portion, and '5' indicates a second-stage excavated portion. In this specification, 'first-stage excavation' means excavation in one layer by forming a cutting groove and removing rock blocks, and 'second-stage excavation' means excavation by additionally forming a cutting groove and removing rock blocks after the first-stage excavation. Here, the depth of the 'first-stage excavation' and the depth of the 'second-stage excavation' are smaller than the radius of the cutter blade (160).

In this specification and drawings, it is explained as an example that the tunnel excavation surface, excluding the tunnel side walls and ceiling (the central portion of the tunnel), is first excavated in two stages, and then the tunnel side walls and ceiling are excavated in a curved shape. However, the tunnel excavation surface, excluding the tunnel side walls and ceiling (the central portion of the tunnel), may be first excavated in two or more stages, and then the tunnel side walls and ceiling are excavated in a curved shape.

[Method of excavating the curved surface of the tunnel side wall (the central part of the tunnel side wall)]

Fig. 15a is a drawing showing the formation of a horizontal cutting groove (H1) to excavate a curved surface of a tunnel side wall, and Fig. 15b is an enlarged drawing of a portion of the cutter (100) of Fig. 15a.

After the linear moving part (150) is horizontally positioned using the first and second worm gear sets (120)(140), the tilt part (130) is rotated so that the linear moving part (150) is parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1), and then the cutter blade (160) is rotated while moving linearly along the linear moving part (150) to cut the rock, thereby forming a horizontal cutting groove (H1). Two horizontal cutting grooves (H1) are formed so as to be spaced apart at a predetermined interval.

Since the cutter (100) according to the present invention has a tilt part (130), the cutter blade (160) can be arranged in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel even when the excavator is spaced from the tunnel side wall, as shown in FIGS. 15a and 15b. In contrast, since the existing cutter (10) does not have a tilt part (130), such arrangement was impossible.

Meanwhile, Fig. 16a shows the formation of an inner cutting groove (F1), and Fig. 16b shows an enlarged view of a cutter (100) portion in Fig. 16a. A rock block is formed by two horizontal cutting grooves (H1) and one inner cutting groove (F1).

The inner cutting groove (F1) is formed by positioning the cutter blade (160) parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1) and then rotating and linearly moving the cutter blade (160). In this case, it is preferable that the rotation motor (161) and the reduction gear unit (162) face the rear of the tunnel.

In addition, it is preferable that the depth (D1) of the inner cutting groove (F1) in the tunnel longitudinal direction is equal to or smaller than the depth (D2) of the horizontal cutting groove (H1). This is because if the depth (D1) is greater than the depth (D2), it is difficult to remove the rock block later. In addition, it is preferable that the horizontal depth (depth in the direction parallel to but horizontal to the tunnel excavation surface) of the inner cutting groove (F1) is equal to or larger than the larger of the widths (D3) and (D4) of the horizontal cutting groove (H1).

After forming the inner cutting groove (F1), as shown in FIGS. 17a and 17b, a wedge (211) is inserted into the inner cutting groove (F1) and struck to remove the rock block. The wedge (211) can be installed on the hydraulic breaker (210). Although the drawing shows a wedge (211) with a flat tip installed, a conventional chisel may be installed instead of the wedge (211).

The hydraulic breaker (210) can be installed at the tip of the excavator arm by a connecting unit. The connecting unit can include a quick coupler (12), a connecting head (110), a first worm gear set (120) installed below the connecting head (110), a tilt part (130) installed below the first worm gear set (120), and a second worm gear set (140) installed below the tilt part (130). The hydraulic breaker (210) can be installed below the second worm gear set (140) and rotated together with the second worm gear set (140).

The above connecting head (110), the first worm gear set (120), the tilt part (130), and the second worm gear set (140) have the same structure and operating method as the connecting head (110), the first worm gear set (120), the tilt part (130), and the second worm gear set (140) provided in the cutter (100).

In this way, since the connecting unit has a tilt part (130), the hydraulic breaker (210) can be placed parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1). Accordingly, as shown in Fig. 17b, the tip of the wedge (211) can be inserted into and struck into the inner cutting groove (F1) to remove the rock block.

Meanwhile, as shown in Fig. 18, instead of the horizontal cutting groove (H1), a radial cutting groove (R1) may be formed. The radial cutting groove (R1) is a cutting groove formed radially based on the center of the tunnel cross-section. The radial cutting groove (R1) can be formed by directing the cutter blade (160) radially using the first and second worm gear sets (120) (140) and the tilt unit (130) and then moving it linearly.

After forming the radial cutting groove (R1), the method of forming the inner cutting groove (F1) is the same as in Fig. 16b, and the method of removing the rock block using the wedge (211) is the same as in Figs. 17a to 17b.

[Method of excavating the lower curved surface of a tunnel side wall]

Fig. 19a shows forming a horizontal cutting groove (H1) to excavate the bottom of a tunnel side wall. Using the first and second worm gear sets (120)(140), the cutter blade (160) is rotated and linearly moved so that the cutter blade (160) is parallel to the tunnel bottom surface and the rotation motor (161) and reduction gear unit (162) face upward, thereby forming a horizontal cutting groove (H1).

Figure 19b shows forming an inner cutting groove (F1) to excavate the lower part of the tunnel side wall (3). The inner cutting groove (F1) is formed by positioning the cutter blade (160) and the linear moving part (150) parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1), while the rotary motor (161) and the reduction gear part (162) are directed toward the rear of the tunnel, and then rotating and advancing the cutter blade (160).

After forming the horizontal cutting groove (H1) and the inner cutting groove (F1), the rock block is removed using a wedge (211), as shown in Fig. 19c. The rock block removal method can be performed using the same principle as described in Figs. 17a to 17b.

[Method of excavating the curved surface on the top of the tunnel side wall]

Fig. 20a shows forming a horizontal cutting groove (H1) to excavate the curved surface of the upper portion of the tunnel side wall (3). The cutter blade (160) forms the horizontal cutting groove (H1) while moving linearly along the linear moving section (150). It is preferable that the lower end (HB) of the horizontal cutting groove (H1) passes through or reaches at least the excavation line (indicated by a dotted line in Fig. 20a) of the side wall (3) within the section of the rock block to be removed. This means that the lower end (HB) of the horizontal cutting groove (H1) must pass through or reach the excavation line in the depth direction of the rock block (the longitudinal direction of the tunnel).

The drawing shows that cutting is performed while the excavator is spaced from the tunnel side wall and the tilt unit (130) does not rotate so that the linear moving unit (150) is inclined with respect to the tunnel excavation surface (1). However, cutting may also be performed while the cutter blade (160) moves linearly while the excavator is spaced from the tunnel side wall (3) and the tilt unit (130) rotates so that the linear moving unit (150) is parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1).

After forming the horizontal cutting groove (H1), an inner cutting groove (F1) is formed as shown in Fig. 20b. Meanwhile, the inner cutting groove (F1) may be formed before the horizontal cutting groove (H1).

By operating the first and second worm gear sets (120)(140) and the tilt unit (130), the cutter blade (16) and the linear moving unit (150) are arranged parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1), and then the cutter blade (16) is moved linearly to cut the rock. At this time, it is preferable that the lower end (FB) of the inner cutting groove (F1) passes through or reaches at least the excavation line (indicated by a dotted line in Fig. 20a) of the side wall (3) within the section of the rock block to be removed. This is to facilitate the removal of the rock block later.

After forming the horizontal cutting groove (H1) and the inner cutting groove (F1), the rock block is removed using a wedge (211). This removal operation can be performed using the same principle as that shown in Figs. 17a to 17b, Fig. 19c, etc.

In this way, since the cutter (100) has a tilt part (130), the excavator can perform excavation work while being spaced from the tunnel side wall (3), and thus the tunnel side wall can be excavated in a curved shape. In contrast, the existing cutter (10) could not cut the tunnel side wall in a curved shape because it did not have a tilt part (130).

[Method of excavating the curved surface of a tunnel ceiling]

Fig. 21a shows the formation of a vertical cutting groove (V1) for excavating the ceiling of a tunnel. The cutter blade (1600) is linearly moved while being arranged in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel so that the cutter blade (160) is vertical, thereby forming a vertical cutting groove (V1).

It is desirable that the top of the vertical cutting groove (V1) reaches at least the ceiling projection line (indicated by a dotted line in FIGS. 21a and 21b) or passes through the ceiling projection line. This means that the top of the vertical cutting groove (V1) reaches or passes through the ceiling projection line within the section of the rock block (rock block to be removed) in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.

After forming at least two vertical cutting grooves (V1), an inner cutting groove (F2) is formed as shown in Fig. 21b. Meanwhile, the inner cutting groove (F2) may be formed before the vertical cutting groove (V1). When forming the inner cutting groove (F2), it is preferable that the surface on which the rotary motor (161) and the reducer (162) are arranged among the two surfaces of the cutter blade (160) faces the rear of the tunnel, and the surface on the opposite side faces the tunnel excavation surface (1).

It is desirable that the upper end of the inner cutting groove (F2) reaches at least the ceiling projection line or passes through the ceiling projection line within the section of the rock block to be removed.

After forming the vertical cutting groove (V1) and the inner cutting groove (F2), as shown in Fig. 21c, a wedge (211) is inserted into and struck into the inner cutting groove (V1) to remove the rock block. The principle of this removal operation is as described above.

Meanwhile, the formation of a vertical cutting groove (V1) has been described above, but instead of the vertical cutting groove (V1), a radial cutting groove (R2) as illustrated in FIGS. 22a and 22b may be formed. The radial cutting groove (R2) is a groove formed in a radial shape based on the center of the tunnel cross-section, and can be formed by adjusting the rotation angle of the cutter blade (160) by gradually adjusting the rotation angle of the tilt portion (130).

1: Tunnel excavation face (tunnel face)
2: Ceiling of the tunnel
3: Side wall of the tunnel
4: 1st stage excavation section
5: 2nd stage excavation section
10: Cutter according to prior art
11: Excavator arm
12 : Quick Coupler
15: Linear moving part
16 : Cutter Blade
100 : Cutter
110 : Connection head
120: 1st Worm Gear Set
130 : Tilt section
140: 2nd Worm Gear Set
150 : Linear moving part
160 : Cutter Blade
210 : Hydraulic Breaker
211 : Wedge
H1: Horizontal cutting groove
V1: Vertical cutting groove
F1, F2: Inner cutting groove
R1, R2: Radial cutting grooves
D1: Depth of the tunnel length of the inner cutting groove (F1)
D2: Depth of the tunnel length of the horizontal cutting groove (H1)
D5: Depth of the tunnel length of the inner cutting groove (F2)
D6: Depth of the tunnel length of the vertical cutting groove (V1)
θ: Angle between the first surface (111) and the second surface (112) of the connecting head (110)
θ1: Lateral lookout angle to the tunnel side wall

Claims (10)

delete delete delete In tunnel excavation methods,
(a) A step of excavating the remaining portion of the tunnel excavation surface (1) excluding the ceiling (2) and side wall (3);
(b) a step of forming a horizontal cutting groove (H1) on the tunnel side wall (3) using a cutter blade (160) installed at the tip of the excavator arm;
(c) a step of forming an inner cutting groove (F1) parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1) on the tunnel side wall (3) after arranging the cutter blade (160) so as to be parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1); and,
(d) a step of inserting and striking a wedge (211) into the inner cutting groove (F1) so that it is parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1) to remove a rock block formed by the intersection of the horizontal cutting groove (H1) and the inner cutting groove (F1);
The depth (D1) of the inner cutting groove (F1) in the tunnel longitudinal direction is less than or equal to the depth (D2) of the horizontal cutting groove (H1) in the tunnel longitudinal direction.
The above step (a) includes a first stage excavation step and a second stage excavation step,
The above first stage excavation step is,
(a1) a step of forming a horizontal cutting groove (H1) and a vertical cutting groove (V1) on a tunnel excavation surface (1) using a cutter blade (160), and then inserting and striking a wedge (211) into the horizontal cutting groove (H1) or the vertical cutting groove (V1) to remove a rock block formed by the intersection of the horizontal cutting groove (H1) and the vertical cutting groove (V1);
The second excavation stage is performed by repeating the above step (a1) after the first excavation stage is completed.
The above tunnel excavation method is,
(e) a step of cutting the tunnel ceiling (2) vertically while the cutter blade (160) is erected parallel to the longitudinal direction of the tunnel to form a vertical cutting groove (V1);
(f) a step of forming an inner cutting groove (F2) parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1) on the tunnel ceiling (2) after arranging the cutter blade (160) so as to be parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1); and,
(g) a step of inserting and striking a wedge (211) into the inner cutting groove (F2) so as to be parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1) to remove a rock block formed by the intersection of the vertical cutting groove (V1) and the inner cutting groove (F2); further comprising;
The depth (D5) of the inner cutting groove (F2) in the tunnel longitudinal direction is less than or equal to the depth (D6) of the vertical cutting groove (V1) in the tunnel longitudinal direction.
A tunnel excavation method characterized in that the cutter (100) is capable of performing a yaw rotation that rotates the cutter blade (160) around the z-axis, a pitch rotation that rotates the cutter blade (160) around the y-axis, a roll rotation that rotates the cutter blade (160) around the x-axis, and a linear movement of the cutter blade (160), and the x, y, and z axes are three axes that are perpendicular to each other. In paragraph 4,
The cutter blade (160) is installed on the cutter (100),
Cutter (100) is,
A first worm gear set (120) installed below the connecting head (110);
A tilt part (130) installed below the first worm gear set (120) and capable of rotating from 0° to at least 90°;
A second worm gear set (140) installed below the tilt part (130);
A linear moving part (150) installed below the second worm gear set (140); and,
It includes a cutter blade (160) installed to be able to move linearly on a linear moving part (150);
The first worm gear set (120) rotates the tilt part (130) 360° yaw relative to the connecting head (110),
The tilt unit (130) rolls the linear moving unit (150) and the second worm gear set (140), and the second worm gear set (140) rotates the linear moving unit (150) relative to the tilt unit (130).
A tunnel excavation method characterized in that the cutter blade (160) becomes parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1) in steps (c) and (f) by the tilt part (130) being rotatable. In tunnel excavation methods,
(a) A step of excavating the remaining portion of the tunnel excavation surface (1) excluding the ceiling (2) and side wall (3);
(b) a step of forming a horizontal cutting groove (H1) on the tunnel side wall (3) using a cutter blade (160) installed at the tip of the excavator arm;
(c) a step of forming an inner cutting groove (F1) parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1) on the tunnel side wall (3) after arranging the cutter blade (160) so as to be parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1); and,
(d) a step of inserting and striking a wedge (211) into the inner cutting groove (F1) so that it is parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1) to remove a rock block formed by the intersection of the horizontal cutting groove (H1) and the inner cutting groove (F1);
The depth (D1) of the inner cutting groove (F1) in the tunnel longitudinal direction is less than or equal to the depth (D2) of the horizontal cutting groove (H1) in the tunnel longitudinal direction.
The above step (a) includes a first stage excavation step and a second stage excavation step,
The above first stage excavation step is,
(a1) a step of forming a horizontal cutting groove (H1) and a vertical cutting groove (V1) on a tunnel excavation surface (1) using a cutter blade (160), and then inserting and striking a wedge (211) into the horizontal cutting groove (H1) or the vertical cutting groove (V1) to remove a rock block formed by the intersection of the horizontal cutting groove (H1) and the vertical cutting groove (V1);
The second excavation stage is performed by repeating the above step (a1) after the first excavation stage is completed.
The above tunnel excavation method is,
(e) a step of cutting the tunnel ceiling (2) vertically while the cutter blade (160) is erected parallel to the longitudinal direction of the tunnel to form a vertical cutting groove (V1);
(f) a step of forming an inner cutting groove (F2) parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1) on the tunnel ceiling (2) after arranging the cutter blade (160) so as to be parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1); and,
(g) a step of inserting and striking a wedge (211) into the inner cutting groove (F2) so as to be parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1) to remove a rock block formed by the intersection of the vertical cutting groove (V1) and the inner cutting groove (F2); further comprising;
The depth (D5) of the inner cutting groove (F2) in the tunnel longitudinal direction is less than or equal to the depth (D6) of the vertical cutting groove (V1) in the tunnel longitudinal direction.
The wedge (211) is installed on the hydraulic breaker (210),
A tunnel excavation method characterized in that the hydraulic breaker (210) is capable of yaw rotation around the z-axis, pitch rotation around the y-axis, and roll rotation around the x-axis, and the x, y, and z-axes are three axes that are perpendicular to each other. In Article 6,
The hydraulic breaker (210) is installed at the tip of the excavator arm (11) by a connecting unit,
The connecting unit is,
A first worm gear set (120) installed below the connecting head (110);
A tilt part (130) installed below the first worm gear set (120) and capable of rotating from 0° to at least 90°; and,
Including a second worm gear set (140) installed below the tilt part (130);
The hydraulic breaker (210) is connected below the second worm gear set (140).
The first worm gear set (120) rotates the tilt part (130) 360° yaw relative to the connecting head (110), the tilt part (130) rolls the second worm gear set (140) and the hydraulic breaker (210), and the second worm gear set (140) rotates the hydraulic breaker (210) relative to the tilt part (130).
A tunnel excavation method characterized in that the wedge (211) is inserted into the inner cutting groove (F1) (F2) parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1) in steps (d) and (g) by the tilt part (130) being rotatable. In tunnel excavation methods,
(a) A step of excavating the remaining portion of the tunnel excavation surface (1) excluding the ceiling (2) and side wall (3);
(b) a step of forming a horizontal cutting groove (H1) on the tunnel side wall (3) using a cutter blade (160) installed at the tip of the excavator arm;
(c) a step of forming an inner cutting groove (F1) parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1) on the tunnel side wall (3) after arranging the cutter blade (160) so as to be parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1); and,
(d) a step of inserting and striking a wedge (211) into the inner cutting groove (F1) so that it is parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1) to remove a rock block formed by the intersection of the horizontal cutting groove (H1) and the inner cutting groove (F1);
The depth (D1) of the inner cutting groove (F1) in the tunnel longitudinal direction is less than or equal to the depth (D2) of the horizontal cutting groove (H1) in the tunnel longitudinal direction.
The above step (a) includes a first stage excavation step and a second stage excavation step,
The above first stage excavation step is,
(a1) a step of forming a horizontal cutting groove (H1) and a vertical cutting groove (V1) on a tunnel excavation surface (1) using a cutter blade (160), and then inserting and striking a wedge (211) into the horizontal cutting groove (H1) or the vertical cutting groove (V1) to remove a rock block formed by the intersection of the horizontal cutting groove (H1) and the vertical cutting groove (V1);
The second excavation stage is performed by repeating the above step (a1) after the first excavation stage is completed.
The above tunnel excavation method is,
(e) a step of cutting the tunnel ceiling (2) vertically while the cutter blade (160) is erected parallel to the longitudinal direction of the tunnel to form a vertical cutting groove (V1);
(f) a step of forming an inner cutting groove (F2) parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1) on the tunnel ceiling (2) after arranging the cutter blade (160) so as to be parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1); and,
(g) a step of inserting and striking a wedge (211) into the inner cutting groove (F2) so as to be parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1) to remove a rock block formed by the intersection of the vertical cutting groove (V1) and the inner cutting groove (F2); further comprising;
The depth (D5) of the inner cutting groove (F2) in the tunnel longitudinal direction is less than or equal to the depth (D6) of the vertical cutting groove (V1) in the tunnel longitudinal direction.
A tunnel excavation method characterized in that the above steps (c), (d), (f), and (g) are performed while the excavator is positioned obliquely so as to be spaced from the tunnel side wall (3) but inclined relative to the tunnel side wall (3). In clause 5 or 7,
A quick coupler (12) is installed at the tip of the excavator arm (11) so that it can rotate.
The connecting head (110) is connected to the bottom of the quick coupler (12),
The connecting head (110) includes a first surface (111) that is coupled with a quick coupler (12) and a second surface (112) that is coupled with a first worm gear set (120), and the first and second surfaces (111) (112) form an angle (θ) of 35° to 75°.
A tunnel excavation method characterized in that the pitch rotation angle increases toward the ceiling rather than the floor of the tunnel by the above angle (θ) and the rotation of the tilt part (130). In paragraph 5,
A rotary motor (161) and a reduction gear (162) that rotate the cutter blade (160) are installed on one side of the cutter blade (160).
A tunnel excavation method characterized in that in steps (c) and (f) above, one side of the cutter blade (160) faces the rear of the tunnel and the other side of the cutter blade (160) faces the tunnel excavation surface.