KR102762599B1 - Tunnel excavation methods using cutter with improved working freedom - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for removing a rock block by forming a cutting groove in a tunnel excavation surface using a cutter installed at the tip of an excavator arm and inserting and striking a wedge of a hydraulic breaker into the cutting groove, wherein the cutter is capable of yaw rotation, pitch rotation, roll rotation and linear movement, so that it can excavate a curved surface of a tunnel side wall, a curved surface of a ceiling and a tunnel floor.

Description

Tunnel excavation methods using cutter with improved working freedom

The present invention relates to a tunnel excavation method, and more specifically, to a tunnel excavation method in which a cutter installed at the tip of an excavator arm is capable of yaw rotation, pitch rotation, roll rotation, and linear movement, thereby excavating a curved surface of a tunnel side wall, a curved surface of a ceiling, and a tunnel floor.

Typically, blasting methods for tunnel excavation or rock slope removal are used to drill a blast hole in the rock, load gunpowder, and then blast. However, blasting methods generate vibration and noise, so they are often not permitted in urban areas or areas adjacent to major buildings.

In order to solve the above problems of the blasting method, the present applicant has developed a method of cutting a cutting groove in a rock using an excavator attachment cutter (hereinafter referred to as “cutter”), and then inserting and striking a chisel or wedge (hereinafter, “chisel” and “wedge” are collectively referred to as “wedge”) of a hydraulic breaker into the cutting groove to remove a rock block. And this method is disclosed in Korean Patent Registration Nos. 10-1787966, 10-2154862, and 10-2221392.

However, since the cutter disclosed in the registration publication of the above patent has a limited degree of freedom, it is impossible to form a cutting groove for excavating the side wall or ceiling of a tunnel when used for tunnel excavation, as explained below.

FIG. 1 is a drawing showing the yaw rotation, pitch rotation, and roll rotation of the cutter blade (16) described in this specification.

As shown in the drawing, yaw rotation means that the cutter blade (16) rotates around the vertical axis (z-axis), pitch rotation means that the cutter blade (16) rotates around the transverse axis (y-axis), and roll rotation means that the cutter blade (16) rotates around the longitudinal axis (x-axis). The directions of the x, y, and z axes are not fixed but variable, but the three axes are always perpendicular to each other and the position of one axis is fixed relatively to the other two axes.

However, when this cutter (10) is used for tunnel excavation, several problems occur. Fig. 2 is a side view showing the cutter (10). In Fig. 2, the arrow indicates that the cutter blade (16) moves linearly.

The cutter (10) may include a quick coupler (12), a connection head (13) installed below the quick coupler (12), a worm gear set (14) installed below the connection head (13), a linear moving part (15) installed below the worm gear set (14), a cutter blade (16) installed so as to be linearly moved along the linear moving part (15), and a rotation motor that rotates the cutter blade (16).

The cutter blade (16) can only rotate 360° by the worm gear set (14) and cannot be rolled.

In addition, as shown in Fig. 3, in order to rotate the cutter blade (16) in pitch, it is only possible to rotate the cutter blade (16) around the tip of the arm by using an arm cylinder (not shown in the drawing), so the pitch rotation angle is small. For example, Fig. 3 shows that the pitch angle is a maximum of 145°.

Due to such limitations, several problems arise when cutting the tunnel excavation surface, tunnel side wall, and tunnel ceiling using a cutter (100).

As shown in Fig. 4a, the linear moving part (15) is set up parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1) and the cutter blade (16) is moved up and down linearly while being perpendicular to the tunnel excavation surface (1) to cut the tunnel excavation surface. However, as shown in Fig. 4b, the linear moving part (15) cannot be set up parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1) due to limitations in the pitch rotation angle at the bottom of the tunnel excavation surface (1), and accordingly, when cutting the bottom of the tunnel excavation surface (1), the cutter blade (16) cannot cut while moving linearly along the linear moving part (15).

And, as shown in Fig. 4c, even when cutting the tunnel ceiling (2), the linear moving part (15) cannot be installed in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel so as to be parallel to the tunnel ceiling (2) due to the limitation of the pitch rotation angle, and accordingly, when cutting the tunnel ceiling (2), the cutter blade (16) cannot cut while moving linearly along the linear moving part (15).

In addition, since the cutter (10) cannot rotate the roll, it cannot perform radial cutting on the tunnel ceiling (2) and side wall (3), as shown in Fig. 4d. Radial cutting means cutting the ceiling (2) and side wall (3) so that a radial cutting groove is formed based on the cross-sectional center of the tunnel. Furthermore, since the pitch rotation angle is limited, vertical cutting of the tunnel side wall is impossible.

Meanwhile, the cutter (10) is capable of vertical lookout cutting work on the tunnel ceiling (2) and floor, but as shown in FIGS. 5a to 5b, lookout cutting work or vertical cutting work on the tunnel side wall (3) is impossible because the pitch rotation angle is limited.

The present invention has been proposed to solve the above-described problems, and its purpose is to provide a tunnel excavation method using a cutter with improved freedom of operation. Specifically, the present invention provides a tunnel excavation method capable of excavating a curved surface of a tunnel side wall, a curved surface of a ceiling, and a tunnel floor surface by allowing a cutter installed as an attachment to an excavator arm to perform yaw rotation, pitch rotation, roll rotation, and linear movement.

In order to achieve the above object, a tunnel excavation method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises: (a) a step of forming a plurality of horizontal cutting grooves (H1) and vertical cutting grooves (V1) on a tunnel excavation surface (1) by using a cutter blade (160) installed at the tip of an excavator arm (11); (b) a step of removing a rock block formed by the intersection of the horizontal cutting groove (H1) and the vertical cutting groove (V1) by inserting and striking a wedge (211) into the horizontal cutting groove (H1) or the vertical cutting groove (V1); (c) a step of forming a curved surface of a tunnel side wall (3), by cutting in a straight line approaching the tunnel side wall (3) while the cutter blade (160) is arranged to be parallel to the longitudinal direction of the tunnel or to form an outlook angle (θ1) with the tunnel side wall, to form a cutting groove (C1); And, (d) a step of removing the rock block formed by the cutting groove (C1) and the horizontal cutting groove (V1) of step (c) by striking it with a wedge (211). A plurality of cutting grooves (C1) may be connected to each other to form a surface close to the curved surface of the tunnel side wall (3).

The above tunnel excavation method may include: (e) a step of forming a cutting groove (C2) by cutting the rock so as to form a straight line close to the tunnel ceiling (2) while the cutter blade (160) is arranged to be parallel to the longitudinal direction of the tunnel or to form an outlook angle (θ2) with the ceiling, in order to form a curved surface of the tunnel ceiling (2); and, (f) a step of removing a rock block formed by the cutting groove (C2) and the vertical cutting groove (V1) by striking it with a wedge (211). The cutting grooves (V1) may be connected to each other to form a surface close to the curved surface of the tunnel ceiling (2).

The cutter (100) is capable of performing a yaw rotation that rotates the cutter blade (160) around the z-axis, a pitch rotation that rotates the cutter blade (160) around the y-axis, a roll rotation that rotates the cutter blade (160) around the x-axis, and a linear movement of the cutter blade (160). Here, the x, y, and z axes are three axes that are perpendicular to each other.

The cutter (100) may include a first worm gear set (120) installed below a connecting head (110); a tilt unit (130) installed below the first worm gear set (120) and rotatable from 0° to at least 90°; a second worm gear set (140) installed below the tilt unit (130); a linear moving unit (150) installed below the second worm gear set (140); and a cutter blade (160) installed to be linearly movable on the linear moving unit (150).

The first worm gear set (120) can rotate the tilt part (130) 360° yaw relative to the connecting head (110), the tilt part (130) can roll rotate the linear moving part (150) and the second worm gear set (140), and the second worm gear set (140) can rotate the linear moving part (150) relative to the tilt part (130). The pitch rotation angle can be increased by the tilt part (130) being rotatable.

The cutting in the above step (c) can be performed in a state where the excavator is spaced apart from the tunnel side wall (3) and the cutter blade (160) is rotated by the tilt unit (130) to be parallel to the longitudinal direction of the tunnel or to form an outlook angle (θ1) with the tunnel side wall (3).

The connecting head (110) can be connected below the quick coupler (12). In addition, the connecting head (110) can include a first surface (111) coupled with the quick coupler (12) and a second surface (112) coupled with the first worm gear set (120). It is preferable that the first and second surfaces (111) (112) form an angle (θ) of 35° to 75°.

Due to the above angle (θ) and the rotation of the tilt unit (130), the pitch rotation angle increases toward the ceiling rather than the floor of the tunnel, and accordingly, it becomes possible for the cutter blade (160) to cut while moving horizontally linearly along the linear moving unit (150) on the ceiling and floor of the tunnel.

The above step (e) can be performed in a state where at least one of the first worm gear set (120) and the second worm gear set (140) is rotated so that the cutter blade (160) is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the tunnel or forms an outlook angle (θ2) with the ceiling (2).

A rotary motor (161) and a reduction gear unit (162) for rotating the cutter blade (160) may be installed on one side of the cutter blade (160). In addition, in steps (c) and (e), it is preferable that one side of the cutter blade (160) faces the inner side of the tunnel cross-section and the other side of the cutter blade (160) faces the tunnel side wall or the tunnel ceiling.

During the operation of step (d) or step (f), the hydraulic breaker (210) may be connected to the first worm gear set (120) and the tilt unit (130), the second worm gear set (140), the linear moving unit (150) and the cutter blade (160) may be removed, or the hydraulic breaker (210) may be connected to the second worm gear set (140) and the linear moving unit (150) and the cutter blade (160) may be removed.

The tunnel excavation method according to the present invention can excavate the curved surfaces of the tunnel side wall (3) and ceiling (2), and the tunnel bottom surface by using an excavator attachment cutter (100) with improved freedom of operation. Specifically, the present invention can excavate the curved surface of the tunnel side wall (3), the curved surface of the ceiling (2), and the tunnel bottom surface since the cutter (100) installed as an attachment to an excavator arm (11) is capable of yaw rotation, pitch rotation, roll rotation, and linear movement.

FIG. 1 is a drawing showing the yaw rotation, pitch rotation, and roll rotation of the cutter blade as described herein.
Figure 2 is a side view of an excavator attachment cutter according to the prior art.
Figure 3 is a side view of the pitch rotation of the excavator attachment cutter of Figure 2.
FIG. 4a is a side view of the excavator attachment cutter of FIG. 2 vertically cutting the tunnel face.
Figure 4b is a side view of the excavator attachment cutter of Figure 2 vertically cutting the bottom of the tunnel excavation surface.
Figure 4c is a side view of the excavator attachment cutter of Figure 2 cutting the tunnel ceiling in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.
Figure 4d is a rear view of the excavator attachment cutter of Figure 2 radially cutting the ceiling and side walls of the tunnel.
Figure 5a is a top view of the excavator attachment cutter of Figure 2 cutting the side wall of the tunnel vertically.
Figure 5b is a view of Figure 5a viewed from the rear.
FIG. 6 is a side view of an excavator attachment cutter according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 7 is a perspective view showing the cutter.
Figure 8a is a drawing of the cutter's pitch rotation viewed from a lateral direction.
Figure 8b is an enlarged view of the tilt portion of Figure 8a.
Figure 9a is a perspective view showing the cutter cutting the side wall of the tunnel.
Figure 9b is a perspective view showing that the dust discharge direction is changed by changing the rotational direction of the cutter blade using the second worm gear set in Figure 9a.
Fig. 10 is a photograph showing the first worm gear set (or the second worm gear set).
Figure 11 is a forward perspective view showing the linear movement of the cutter.
Figure 12 is a reverse perspective view of Figure 11.
Figure 13 is a drawing showing a tunnel excavation surface (excluding the side walls and ceiling) excavated in two stages using a cutter and wedge.
Figure 14a is a drawing showing the formation of a horizontal cutting groove to excavate the curved surface of a tunnel side wall.
Figure 14b is an enlarged view of the cutter portion of Figure 14a.
Figure 14c is a drawing showing the formation of a curved cutting groove to excavate the curved surface of a tunnel side wall.
FIG. 14d is a drawing showing forming a curved cutting groove so as to have an outlook angle (θ1) with respect to the tunnel side wall.
Figure 14e is a drawing showing the removal of a rock block formed by a horizontal cutting groove and a curved cutting groove using a wedge.
Figure 15a is a drawing showing the formation of a horizontal cutting groove for excavating the lower part of a tunnel side wall.
Figure 15b is a drawing showing the formation of a curved cutting groove for excavating the lower part of a tunnel side wall.
Figure 16a is a drawing showing the formation of a curved cutting groove for excavating the upper part of a tunnel side wall.
Figure 16b is a drawing showing the formation of a horizontal cutting groove to excavate the upper part of the tunnel side wall.
Figure 17a is a drawing showing the formation of a vertical cutting groove to excavate the curved surface of the tunnel ceiling.
Figure 17b is a drawing showing the formation of a curved cutting groove to excavate the curved surface of the tunnel ceiling.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. Prior to this, the terms or words used in this specification and claims should not be interpreted as limited to their usual or dictionary meanings, and should be interpreted as meanings and concepts that conform to the technical idea of the present invention based on the principle that the inventor can appropriately define the concept of the term in order to explain his or her own invention in the best way. Therefore, the embodiments described in this specification and the configurations illustrated in the drawings are merely embodiments of the present invention and do not represent all of the technical idea of the present invention, and it should be understood that there may be various equivalents and modified examples that can replace them at the time of this application.

Meanwhile, in this specification, 'horizontal' includes not only horizontal in the mathematical sense, but also inclined in a state close to horizontal. And, 'vertical' includes not only vertical in the mathematical sense, but also inclined in a state close to vertical.

As is known, blasting is widely used for tunnel excavation, but since blasting causes noise and vibration, it is often difficult to apply in urban areas or areas with major buildings. In contrast, a method of forming a cutting groove in rock by cutting and then inserting a wedge into the cutting groove to cause tensile fracture has the advantage of causing less noise and vibration. The cutter according to the present invention is a device for forming a groove (cutting groove) by cutting rock during tunnel excavation. In addition, this cutter can be used for underground space excavation (underground structure construction), removal of open-air rock, demolition of concrete structures, interior spaces of buildings, structures such as nuclear power plant dome structures, etc. Therefore, the excavation method according to the present invention can be used for various purposes such as tunnel excavation, underground space excavation, removal of open-air rock, demolition of concrete structures, etc.

Meanwhile, in order to excavate a tunnel (or underground space) with a large cross-section, the upper part of the tunnel section can be excavated first and then the lower part of the section can be excavated while moving forward, and the noise and vibration generated while excavating the upper part of the section can be transmitted to the surroundings, so that the noise and vibration can be reduced by using the cutter according to the present invention. However, the use of the cutter is not limited to the upper part of the section, and can also be applied to the lower part of the section.

FIG. 6 is a side view of an excavator attachment cutter according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the cutter.

As shown in the drawing, the cutter (100) may include a connecting head (110), a first worm gear set (120) installed below the connecting head (110), a tilt unit (130) installed below the first worm gear set (120), a second worm gear set (140) installed below the tilt unit (130), a linear moving unit (150) installed below the second worm gear set (140), and a cutter blade (160) installed in the linear moving unit (150).

The connecting head (110) can be connected to the quick coupler (12). In addition, the quick coupler (12) is rotatably installed at the tip of the excavator arm (11) (i.e., although not shown in the drawing, the quick coupler can be connected to the arm cylinder). The connection between the connecting head (110) and the quick coupler (12) can be made by a known connection structure, for example, a connection structure between a hydraulic breaker and a quick coupler.

The connecting head (110) may include a first surface (111) facing the lower surface of the quick coupler (12) and a second surface (112) facing the first worm gear set (120). It is preferable that the connecting head (110) forms a triangle when viewed from the side. Since the first and second surfaces (111) (112) form a predetermined angle (θ in FIG. 6), a greater degree of pitch freedom can be secured upward than downward. That is, compared to the conventional case, the cutter blade (160) can pitch rotate more toward the ceiling than toward the bottom surface.

Preferably, the angle (θ in FIG. 6) is 20° to 80°, more preferably 35° to 75°, and most preferably 45° to 70°. If the angle (θ) is less than 20°, it is difficult for the linear moving part (150) to be parallel to the ceiling of the tunnel, and thus it is difficult for the cutter blade (160) to cut the ceiling while moving linearly along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel. If the angle (θ) is greater than 80°, it is difficult for the linear moving part (150) to be parallel to the bottom surface of the tunnel, and thus it is difficult for the cutter blade (160) to cut the bottom surface while moving linearly along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel.

The first worm gear set (120) is installed below the connecting head (110) and rotates the tilt part (130), the second worm gear set (140), the linear moving part (150), and the cutter blade (160) by 360°.

As shown in Fig. 10, the first worm gear set (120) may include a fastening member (121), a worm wheel gear (123), a worm gear (125), and a hydraulic motor (126).

The fastening member (121) is a member in the shape of a circular ring and includes a plurality of first bolt holes (122) formed in a circumferential direction. A bolt (not shown in the drawing) that connects the connecting head (110) and the fastening member (121) is installed in the first bolt hole (122).

The worm wheel gear (123) is installed so as to be rotatable on the inside of the fastening member (121). In addition, a plurality of second bolt holes (124) are formed in the worm wheel gear (123), and bolts (not shown in the drawing) for fastening the tilt member (130) and the worm wheel gear (123) are installed in the second bolt holes (124).

The worm gear (125) is installed to mesh with the worm wheel gear (123) and is rotated by a hydraulic motor (126). The hydraulic motor (126) can be operated using hydraulic pressure used to operate the excavator. Meanwhile, an electric motor may be used instead of the hydraulic motor (126).

The worm gear (125) and the worm wheel gear (123) can obtain a reduction ratio of 1/20 to 1/100, preferably a reduction ratio of 1/60. Accordingly, low rotation speed and high torque can be generated with the power of a small hydraulic motor, so that the cutter blade (160) can be easily rotated without moving the excavator.

When the worm gear (125) is rotated by the hydraulic motor (126), the worm wheel gear (123) is rotated at a reduced speed, and the tilt part (130) can be yaw rotated by the rotation of the worm wheel gear (123).

The tilt unit (130) is coupled to the worm wheel gear (123) and rotates together with the worm wheel gear (123). As shown in FIG. 6 and FIGS. 8a to 8b, the tilt unit (130) may include an upper bracket (131) coupled to the first worm gear set (120), a lower bracket (132) coupled to the second worm gear set (140), a rotation axis (135) of the upper and lower brackets, and a cylinder (133) that rotates the upper and lower brackets (131) (132) about the rotation axis (135).

As the cylinder (133) contracts, the upper and lower brackets (131) (132) are closed (i.e., the upper and lower brackets become parallel), and as shown in FIGS. 8a to 8d, as the cylinder (133) extends, the upper and lower brackets (131) (132) become vertical. In this way, roll rotation can be achieved by rotating the tilt unit (130). Meanwhile, the rotation angle of the tilt unit (130) can be 0° to 90°, but can also be rotated by more than 90°. That is, the rotation of the tilt unit can be from 0° to at least 90°.

And, the tilt part (130) increases the pitch rotation angle. As shown in Fig. 3, since there was no tilt part in the past, the pitch rotation angle was about 145° at most, but as shown in Fig. 8a, since the cutter according to the present invention has the tilt part (130), the pitch rotation angle can be about 235° at most.

The second worm gear set (140) is installed below the tilt part (130). Specifically, the second worm gear set (140) is installed by being coupled to the lower bracket (132). Therefore, the second worm gear set (140) rotates together with the lower bracket (132) as the cylinder (133) contracts and extends.

As shown in FIG. 10, the second worm gear set (140) may have the same configuration and the same operating principle as the first worm gear set (120), but the second worm gear set (140) operates separately from the first worm gear set (120).

The second worm gear set (140) may include a fastening member (121), a worm wheel gear (123), a worm gear (125), and a hydraulic motor (126). The fastening member (121) is fastened to the lower bracket (132), and the worm wheel gear (123) is fastened to the linear moving member (150).

When the rotation axis of the second worm gear set (140) and the rotation axis of the first worm gear set (120) are positioned on the same line, the second worm gear set (140) can also yaw rotate the linear moving part (150) together with the first worm gear set (120), but the rotation of the second worm gear set (140) is performed separately from the rotation of the first worm gear set (120), and accordingly, the rotation direction of the second worm gear set (140) and the rotation direction of the first worm gear set (120) may be the same or different.

And, as shown in FIGS. 9a to 9b, the second worm gear set (140) can adjust the rock (crushed material) discharge direction of the cutter blade (160). That is, in the state of FIG. 9a, the cutter blade (160) rotates clockwise when viewed from above, so the rock (crushed material) is discharged forward, but in the state of FIG. 9b, the cutter blade (160) rotates counterclockwise, so the rock (crushed material) is discharged backward.

The linear moving part (150) is coupled with the worm wheel gear (123) of the second worm gear set (140) and rotates together. The linear moving part (150) moves the cutter blade (160) linearly (straight). Fig. 11 is a forward perspective view showing the linear moving part (150), and Fig. 12 is a reverse perspective view showing the linear moving part (150). In order to illustrate the internal structure of the linear moving part (150), the cover (case) of the linear moving part (150) is omitted in Figs. 11 and 12.

The linear moving part (150) includes a fixed frame formed as a long straight line in the longitudinal direction, a sliding frame (153) installed so as to be able to slide linearly on the fixed frame, and a hydraulic cylinder (154) that slides the sliding frame (153).

A cutter blade (160) and a rotary motor (161) are installed in the sliding frame (153). Accordingly, the cutter blade (160) moves linearly by sliding the sliding frame (153) in a straight line by the extension and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder (154).

The upper and lower ends of the fixed frame each include a guide groove (151) formed in the longitudinal direction of the fixed frame, an injection port (152a) for injecting grease into the guide groove (151), and a discharge port (152b) for discharging grease. The fixed frame is installed to be combined with the worm wheel gear (123) of the second worm gear set (140).

The upper and lower ends of the sliding frame (153) are inserted into the guide groove (151) and guided. In addition, one part of the hydraulic cylinder (154) is fixed to the fixed frame and the other part is fixed to the sliding frame (153). Accordingly, when the hydraulic cylinder (154) is extended or contracted, the sliding frame (153) moves linearly along the guide groove (151), and accordingly, the cutter blade (160) also moves linearly.

When cutting a rock or concrete structure, rock powder or concrete powder may flow into the guide groove (151) and interfere with the sliding of the sliding frame (153). To prevent this, the present invention injects high-pressure grease through the injection port (152a), and causes the injected grease to flow down the guide groove (151) and be discharged to the outside through the discharge port (152b) together with rock powder and the like existing in the guide groove (151). A plurality of injection ports (152a) may be formed at predetermined intervals on the fixed frame. In addition, the discharge ports (152b) may be formed at both ends of the guide groove (151).

As above, the linear moving part (150) is a linear transport system using a hydraulic cylinder (154), and the cutter blade (160) is transported in a straight line by operating the hydraulic cylinder (154). Therefore, compared to the past when the excavator operator transported the cutter by manipulating the boom cylinder and the arm cylinder in combination, the cutting work can be performed much more easily and stably.

The cutter blade (160) is rotated by the rotational force transmitted through the rotational motor (161) and the reduction gear unit (162). The rotational force of the rotational motor (161) is reduced by the reduction gear unit (162) and then transmitted to the cutter blade (160). The rotational motor (161) can be operated using hydraulic pressure used to drive the excavator. Meanwhile, a conventional electric motor may be used instead of the rotational motor (161).

The cover (190 in FIG. 6) is installed to cover the upper part of the cutter blade (160) to prevent dust from flying. In addition, a nozzle part (not shown in the drawing) that sprays cooling water may be provided to cool the cutter blade (160).

The reduction gear unit (162) includes an input shaft gear (162a) and an output shaft gear (162b) that are installed to mesh with each other, as shown in Fig. 11. The input shaft gear (162a) is rotated by a rotary motor (161), the rotational power of the input shaft gear (162a) is transmitted to the output shaft gear (162b), and the cutter blade (160) is rotated by the rotation of the output shaft gear (162b).

As described above, the cutter blade (160) rotates while being linearly transported by the linear moving part (150) to cut rocks, concrete structures, etc. And, as described above, the cutter blade (160) can be yaw-rotated, pitch-rotated, and roll-rotated.

[Method of excavating the portion of the tunnel excavation surface excluding the tunnel side walls and ceiling (the central portion of the tunnel excavation surface)]

The cutter (100) can cut the tunnel excavation surface (1) to form cutting grooves (H1)(V1)(C1)(C2). A rock block can be formed by the cutting grooves (H1)(V1)(C1)(C2) intersecting each other. Then, a wedge or chisel (a wedge and a chisel are collectively called a 'wedge') of a hydraulic breaker can be inserted into the cutting groove (H1)(V1)(C1)(C2) and then struck to remove the rock block.

For reference, the formation of these cutting grooves (H1)(V1)(C1)(C2) and their removal by striking the rock block are disclosed in the applicant's Republic of Korea Patent Registration Nos. 10-1787966, 10-2154862, and 10-2221392, so a detailed description thereof will be omitted here. In addition, all contents described in the registration publications of the above patents are incorporated herein by reference.

Figure 13 shows a two-stage excavation of a portion of a tunnel excavation surface, excluding the tunnel side wall and ceiling, using a cutter (100) and a wedge. This excavation can be performed by forming a horizontal cutting groove (H1) and a vertical cutting groove (V1) using a cutter (100), and then inserting and striking a wedge (the wedge is installed at the tip of the excavator arm as an attachment of the excavator) into the horizontal cutting groove (H1) or the vertical cutting groove (V1).

Meanwhile, among the reference symbols in the drawing, '4' indicates a first-stage excavated portion, and '5' indicates a second-stage excavated portion. In this specification, 'first-stage excavation' means excavation in one layer by performing cutting groove formation and rock block removal, respectively, and 'second-stage excavation' means excavation by additionally performing cutting groove formation and rock block removal after first-stage excavation. Here, the depth of 'first-stage excavation' and 'second-stage excavation' are smaller than the radius of the cutter blade (160).

In this specification and drawings, it is explained as an example that the tunnel excavation surface, excluding the tunnel side walls and ceiling, is first excavated in two stages, and then the tunnel side walls and ceiling are excavated in a curved shape. However, the tunnel excavation surface, excluding the tunnel side walls and ceiling, may be first excavated in one stage, and then the tunnel side walls and ceiling are excavated in a curved shape. In other words, the two-stage excavation is not a mandatory configuration in the present invention.

[Method of excavating the curved surface of the tunnel side wall (the central part of the tunnel side wall)]

Fig. 14a is a drawing showing the formation of a horizontal cutting groove (H1) to excavate a curved surface of a tunnel side wall, and Fig. 14b is an enlarged drawing of a portion of the cutter (100) of Fig. 14a.

After the linear moving part (150) is horizontally positioned using the first and second worm gear sets (120)(140), the tilt part (130) is rotated so that the linear moving part (150) is parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1), and then the cutter blade (160) is rotated while moving linearly along the linear moving part (150) to cut the rock, thereby forming a horizontal cutting groove (H1). Two horizontal cutting grooves (H1) are formed so as to be spaced apart at a predetermined interval.

Since the cutter (100) according to the present invention has a tilt part (130), the cutter blade (160) can be arranged in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel or at an outlook angle (θ1) even when the excavator is spaced from the tunnel side wall. In contrast, since the existing cutter (10) does not have a tilt part (130), such arrangement was impossible.

Meanwhile, Fig. 14b shows forming a curved cutting groove (C1) to connect two horizontal cutting grooves (H1). The curved cutting groove (C1) is for forming a curved surface of the tunnel side wall (3). The curved cutting groove (C1) is formed linearly (straight), but multiple curved cutting grooves (C1) can be connected to each other to form a surface close to the curved surface of the tunnel side wall (3).

Using the first and second worm gear sets (120)(140), the linear moving part (150) is arranged in the curved direction of the tunnel side wall (3), and the tilt part (130) is rotated so that the cutter blade (160) is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel as shown in FIG. 14b, or the cutter blade (160) is arranged to have an outlook angle (θ1) with respect to the tunnel side wall (3) as shown in FIG. 14c, and then the cutter blade (160) is linearly moved to form a curved cutting groove (C1). The curved cutting groove (C1) may be a cutting groove connecting the points where two horizontal cutting grooves (H1) meet the tunnel side wall (3). Alternatively, the curved cutting groove (C1) may be a straight groove that contacts the curved surface of the tunnel side wall (3) between the two horizontal cutting grooves (H1).

Fig. 14d shows removing a rock block formed by a horizontal cutting groove (H1) and a curved cutting groove (C1) using a wedge (211). The wedge (211) is installed on a hydraulic breaker (210). The wedge (211) has a flat tip formed thereon, and by inserting the tip into the cutting groove (H1)(V1)(C1) and then striking, the rock block can be removed by tensilely breaking its lower end. In Fig. 14d, the tip of the wedge (211) is illustrated as being inserted into the horizontal cutting groove (H1), but the tip of the wedge (211) may also be inserted into the curved cutting groove (C1).

And, although FIG. 14d shows that the hydraulic breaker (210) is installed in the first worm gear set (120), the hydraulic breaker (210) may also be installed in the second worm gear set (140). When the hydraulic breaker (210) is installed in the second worm gear set (140), the hydraulic breaker (210) can be rotated by the tilt part (130) and rotated by the second worm gear set (140), so it is easy to be inserted into the curved cutting groove (C1).

[Method of excavating the lower curved surface of a tunnel side wall]

Fig. 15a shows forming a horizontal cutting groove (H1) to excavate the lower part of the tunnel side wall. Using the first and second worm gear sets (120) (140), the cutter blade (160) is parallel to the tunnel bottom surface, and the rotary motor (161) and reduction gear (162) face upward.

Fig. 15b shows forming a curved cutting groove (C1) to excavate the lower part of the tunnel side wall (3). The curved cutting groove (C1) can be formed by linearly moving the cutter blade (160) after connecting two horizontal cutting grooves (H1) and arranging them so that they are inclined in the curved direction but are inclined in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel or at an outlook angle (θ1) with respect to the tunnel side wall.

As described above, since the cutter (100) according to the present invention has a tilt portion (130), the cutter blade (160) can be arranged in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel or at an outlook angle (θ1) even when the excavator is spaced from the tunnel side wall (3). In contrast, since the existing cutter (10) does not have a tilt portion (130), such arrangement was impossible.

[Method of excavating the curved surface on the top of the tunnel side wall]

Fig. 16a shows forming a curved cutting groove (C1) to excavate the curved surface of the upper portion of the tunnel side wall (3). The curved cutting groove (C1) may be a straight groove cut to connect the point where two horizontal cutting grooves (H1) and the tunnel side wall (3) meet, or a straight groove cut to contact the curved surface of the tunnel side wall (3) between the two horizontal cutting grooves (H1). A plurality of such straight grooves may be connected to form a surface close to the curved surface of the tunnel side wall (3).

By using the first and second worm gear sets (120)(140), the linear moving part (150) is rotated so that the cutter blade (16) connects the two points, and the tilt part (130) is rotated so that the cutter blade (1600) faces the longitudinal direction of the tunnel or forms an outlook angle (θ1) with respect to the tunnel side wall (3), and then the cutter blade (160) is linearly moved to cut. At this time, it is preferable that the side of the cutter blade (160) on which the rotation motor (161) and the reducer (162) are arranged faces the inner side of the tunnel cross section, and the opposite side faces the tunnel side wall (3).

In this way, since the cutter (100) has a tilt part (130), the excavator can perform excavation work while being spaced from the tunnel side wall (3), and thus the tunnel side wall can be excavated in a curved shape. In contrast, the existing cutter (10) could not cut the tunnel side wall in a curved shape because it did not have a tilt part (130).

Fig. 16b shows forming a horizontal cutting groove (H1). The cutter blade (160) forms a horizontal cutting groove (H1) while moving linearly along the linear moving part (150). Although the drawing shows that cutting is performed in a state where the excavator is spaced from the tunnel side wall and the tilt part (130) does not rotate so that the linear moving part (150) is inclined with respect to the tunnel excavation surface (1), cutting may also be performed in a state where the excavator is spaced from the tunnel side wall (3) and the tilt part (130) rotates so that the linear moving part (150) is parallel to the tunnel excavation surface (1).

Meanwhile, after forming the curved cutting groove (C1) and the horizontal cutting groove (H1), the wedge (211) is inserted into the curved cutting groove (C1) or the horizontal cutting groove (H1) and then struck to remove the rock block. This removal operation can be performed using the same principle as that illustrated in Fig. 14d.

[Method of excavating the curved surface of a tunnel ceiling]

Fig. 17a shows the formation of a vertical cutting groove (V1) for excavating the ceiling of a tunnel. The cutter blade (1600) is linearly moved while being arranged in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel so that the cutter blade (160) is vertical, thereby forming the cutting groove (V1).

After forming at least two vertical cutting grooves (V1), a curved cutting groove (C2) is formed as shown in Fig. 17b. The curved cutting groove (C2) can be formed by cutting the rock while the cutter blade (160) rotates and pivots while linearly moving to connect the point where the vertical cutting groove (V1) and the ceiling (2) meet, but so as to face the longitudinal direction of the tunnel or form an outlook angle (θ2) with the ceiling. At this time, it is preferable that among the two sides of the cutter blade (160), the side on which the rotation motor (161) and the reducer (162) are arranged faces the inside of the tunnel cross-section, and the opposite side faces the ceiling. As an alternative, the curved cutting groove (C2) may be formed as a straight groove that contacts the curved surface of the ceiling (2) between the two vertical cutting grooves (V1).

After forming the vertical cutting groove (V1) and the curved cutting groove (C2), the wedge (211) is inserted into the curved cutting groove (C2) or the vertical cutting groove (V1) and then struck to remove the rock block. This removal operation can be performed using the same principle as that illustrated in Fig. 14d.

Meanwhile, although the formation of a vertical cutting groove (V1) has been described above, a radial cutting groove may be formed instead of the vertical cutting groove (V1). The radial cutting groove is a groove formed in a radial shape based on the center of the tunnel cross-section, and can be formed by adjusting the rotation angle of the cutter blade (160) by adjusting the rotation angle of the tilt portion (130).

1: Tunnel excavation face (tunnel face)
2: Ceiling of the tunnel
3: Side wall of the tunnel
4: 1st stage excavation section
5: 2nd stage excavation section
10: Cutter according to prior art
11: Excavator arm
12 : Quick Coupler
15: Linear moving part
100 : Cutter
110 : Connection head
120: 1st Worm Gear Set
130 : Tilt section
140: 2nd Worm Gear Set
150 : Linear moving part
160 : Cutter Blade
210 : Hydraulic Breaker
211 : Wedge
H1: Horizontal cutting groove
V1: Vertical cutting groove
C1, C2: Curved cutting groove
θ: Angle between the first surface (111) and the second surface (112) of the connecting head (110)
θ1: Lateral outlook angle to the tunnel side wall
θ2: Vertical outlook angle to the tunnel ceiling

Claims (9)

delete delete delete (a) A step of forming a plurality of horizontal cutting grooves (H1) and vertical cutting grooves (V1) on a tunnel excavation surface (1) using a cutter blade (160) installed at the tip of an excavator arm;
(b) a step of inserting and striking a wedge (211) into a horizontal cutting groove (H1) or a vertical cutting groove (V1) to remove a rock block formed by the intersection of the horizontal cutting groove (H1) and the vertical cutting groove (V1);
(c) a step of forming a cutting groove (C1) by cutting in a straight line close to the tunnel side wall (3) while the cutter blade (160) is positioned parallel to the longitudinal direction of the tunnel or at an outlook angle (θ1) with the tunnel side wall, in order to form a curved surface of the tunnel side wall (3);
(d) a step of removing the rock block formed by the cutting groove (C1) and the horizontal cutting groove (V1) of the above step (c) by striking it with a wedge (211);
(e) a step of forming a cutting groove (C2) by cutting the rock so as to form a straight line close to the tunnel ceiling (2) while the cutter blade (160) is positioned parallel to the longitudinal direction of the tunnel or at an outlook angle (θ2) with the ceiling, in order to form a curved surface of the tunnel ceiling (2); and,
(f) a step of removing a rock block formed by a cutting groove (C2) and a vertical cutting groove (V1) by striking it with a wedge (211);
A plurality of cutting grooves (C1) are connected to each other to form a surface close to the curved surface of the tunnel side wall (3), and the cutting grooves (V1) are connected to each other to form a surface close to the curved surface of the tunnel ceiling (2).
The cutter blade (160) is installed on the cutter (100),
Cutter (100) is,
A first worm gear set (120) installed below the connecting head (110);
A tilt part (130) installed below the first worm gear set (120) and capable of rotating from 0° to at least 90°;
A second worm gear set (140) installed below the tilt part (130);
A linear moving part (150) installed below the second worm gear set (140); and,
It includes a cutter blade (160) installed to be able to move linearly on a linear moving part (150);
The first worm gear set (120) rotates the tilt part (130) 360° yaw relative to the connecting head (110),
The tilt unit (130) rolls the linear moving unit (150) and the second worm gear set (140), and the second worm gear set (140) rotates the linear moving unit (150) relative to the tilt unit (130).
A tunnel excavation method using a cutter with improved freedom of operation, characterized in that the pitch rotation angle of the tilt part (130) is increased by being rotatable. In paragraph 4,
A tunnel excavation method using a cutter with improved freedom of operation, characterized in that the cutting in the above step (c) is performed in a state where the excavator is spaced from the tunnel side wall (3) and the cutter blade (160) is rotated by the tilt unit (130) to be parallel to the longitudinal direction of the tunnel or to form an outlook angle (θ1) with the tunnel side wall (3). In paragraph 4,
A quick coupler (12) is installed at the tip of the excavator arm (11) so that it can rotate.
The connecting head (110) is connected to the bottom of the quick coupler (12),
The connecting head (110) includes a first surface (111) that is coupled with a quick coupler (12) and a second surface (112) that is coupled with a first worm gear set (120), and the first and second surfaces (111) (112) form an angle (θ) of 35° to 75°.
A tunnel excavation method using a cutter with improved freedom of operation, characterized in that the pitch rotation angle increases toward the ceiling rather than the floor of the tunnel due to the above angle (θ) and the rotation of the tilt unit (130), and accordingly, the cutter blade (160) can cut while moving horizontally linearly along the linear moving unit (150) on the ceiling and floor of the tunnel. In paragraph 4,
The step (e) above is a tunnel excavation method using a cutter with improved freedom of operation, characterized in that at least one of the first worm gear set (120) and the second worm gear set (140) is rotated so that the cutter blade (160) is parallel to the longitudinal direction of the tunnel or forms an outlook angle (θ2) with the ceiling (2). In paragraph 4,
A rotary motor (161) and a reduction gear (162) that rotate the cutter blade (160) are installed on one side of the cutter blade (160).
A tunnel excavation method using a cutter with improved freedom of operation, characterized in that in steps (c) and (e) above, one side of the cutter blade (160) faces the inside of the tunnel cross-section and the other side of the cutter blade (160) faces the tunnel side wall or the tunnel ceiling. In paragraph 4,
The wedge (211) is installed on the hydraulic breaker (210),
A tunnel excavation method using a cutter with improved freedom of operation, characterized in that during the operation of step (d) or step (f), the hydraulic breaker (210) is connected to the first worm gear set (120), and the tilt unit (130), the second worm gear set (140), the linear moving unit (150), and the cutter blade (160) are removed, or the hydraulic breaker (210) is connected to the second worm gear set (140), and the linear moving unit (150) and the cutter blade (160) are removed.