KR102765192B1 - 불화물계 전해질을 이용한 고융점 금속 산화물의 환원 방법 및 시스템 - Google Patents
불화물계 전해질을 이용한 고융점 금속 산화물의 환원 방법 및 시스템 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 76
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title description 12
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 title 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 209
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 209
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 80
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 55
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 SrF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052695 Americium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910016036 BaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052685 Curium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052764 Mendelevium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052781 Neptunium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052778 Plutonium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052774 Proactinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052767 actinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910002065 alloy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 31
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 24
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 18
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 16
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005191 Ga 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011148 calcium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011112 process operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
- C22B34/1263—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds, e.g. by reduction
- C22B34/1268—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds, e.g. by reduction using alkali or alkaline-earth metals or amalgams
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
- C22B34/1263—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds, e.g. by reduction
- C22B34/1277—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds, e.g. by reduction using other metals, e.g. Al, Si, Mn
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- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
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- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/10—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
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- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
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- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
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- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 본 발명의 일 실시예에 따른 금속 산화물로부터 금속 M1을 환원시키기 위한 방법의 공정 절차를 도시한 도면이다.
도 3은 불화물계 전해질과 염화물계 전해질의 휘발율의 차이를 나타내는 도면 및 결과표이다.
도 4는 불화물계 전해질과 염화물계 전해질의 온도에 따른 증기압을 나타낸 도면이다.
도 5는 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 제조된 금속 합금을 촬영한 사진이다.
도 6은 본 발명의 실시예에 따라 제조된 금속 합금을 절단한 후, 합금 내부를 에너지 분광기(Energy Dispersive Spectrometer, EDS)로 원소 분석한 도면 및 결과표이다.
도 7은 ELTRA ONH2000를 사용하여 본 발명의 실시예 2에 따라 제조된 금속 합금 내에 존재하는 산소 함량을 측정한 결과표이다.
Claims (12)
- 금속 산화물로부터 금속 M1을 열 환원시키기 위한 방법으로서,
용해로 내에 불화물계 전해질의 용융염을 형성하는 단계로, 여기서 불화물계 전해질은 MgF2, CaF2, SrF2 및 BaF2 로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상이고;
상기 용해로에 상기 금속 M1과 공융상(eutectic phase)을 형성하는 금속 M2 및 금속 M3을 포함하는 환원제를 투입하여 금속 M2 및 금속 M3의 공융조성물을 제조하는 단계; 및
상기 금속 산화물을 상기 공융조성물과 반응시켜 금속 M1을 환원하고, 환원된 금속 M1이 M2와 액상 금속 합금을 형성하는 단계를 포함하고,
상기 용융염의 밀도는 상기 공융조성물 및 상기 금속 산화물의 밀도보다 작은 것이고,
상기 금속 M1은 Ti, Zr, Hf, W, Fe, Ni, Co, Cr, Ta, Nb, Sn, Ag, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Ac, Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md 및 No로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종이고,
상기 금속 산화물로부터 금속 M1을 환원시키기 위한 방법은 대기 또는 불화물 분위기에서 이루어지며 전해 환원 공정을 실시하지 않는,
방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 용융염은 1,600℃에서 10시간 동안 10 중량% 이하의 휘발율을 가지는 것인, 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 금속 M2은 Cu, Ni, Sn, Zn, Pb, Bi, Cd 및 이들의 합금으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상인, 방법. - 제 3 항에 있어서,
상기 금속 M2은 Cu인, 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 금속 M3은 Ca, Mg, Al 및 이들의 합금으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상인, 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 금속 산화물은 M1 xOz 및 M1 xM3 yOz로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 적어도 하나를 포함하는, 방법:
여기서, x, y는 각각 1 내지 3의 실수이고, z는 1 내지 4의 실수이다. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
상기 금속 산화물을 상기 공융조성물과 반응시켜 금속 M1을 환원하는 과정은 900 내지 1,600℃ 범위에서 수행되는, 방법. - 제 1 항에 있어서,
슬래그화 첨가제를 투입하여, 상기 금속 산화물을 상기 공융조성물과 반응시켜 금속 M1을 환원하는 과정에서 생성된 부산물과 상기 용융염의 슬래그를 형성하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법. - 제 8 항에 있어서,
상기 슬래그화 첨가제는 MgO, CaO, FeO, BaO, SiO2 및 Al2O3로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 1종 이상을 포함하는 것인, 방법. - 제 8 항에 있어서,
상기 액상 금속 합금은 상기 용해로의 최하단에 위치하며 상기 공융조성물과 구분되는 층을 형성하고, 상기 용해로의 하부를 통해 상기 액상 금속 합금을 연속적으로 수득하는 단계; 및
상기 슬래그는 상기 공융조성물의 상부에 구분되는 층을 형성하고, 상기 용해로의 상부를 통해 상기 슬래그를 연속적으로 제거하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 액상 금속 합금을 전해 정련하여 금속 M1을 제조하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법. - 금속 산화물로부터 금속 M1을 열 환원시키기 위한 시스템으로서,
용해로;
상기 용해로 내에 위치하는 불화물계 전해질의 용융염, 여기서 불화물계 전해질은 MgF2, CaF2, SrF2 및 BaF2 로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상이고;
상기 용융염의 하부에 위치하는 금속 M2와 금속 M3의 공융조성물; 및
상기 공융조성물의 하부에 위치하는 상기 금속 M1과 상기 금속 M2의 액상 금속 합금을 포함하고,
상기 용융염의 밀도는 상기 금속 산화물의 밀도보다 작고, 상기 금속 산화물과 상기 금속 M3이 반응하여 상기 금속 M1을 환원시키고, 상기 금속 M2는 상기 금속 M1과 공융상(eutectic phase)을 형성하고,
상기 금속 M1은 Ti, Zr, Hf, W, Fe, Ni, Co, Cr, Ta, Nb, Sn, Ag, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Ac, Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md 및 No로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종이고,
상기 금속 산화물로부터 금속 M1을 환원시키기 위한 시스템은 대기 또는 불화물 분위기에서 이루어지며 전해 환원 공정을 실시하지 않는,
시스템.
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