KR102674399B1 - 합성 가스의 제조를 위한 시스템 및 방법 - Google Patents
합성 가스의 제조를 위한 시스템 및 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000001991 steam methane reforming Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002453 autothermal reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 235
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 26
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 16
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910020068 MgAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- GIAFURWZWWWBQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound NCCOCCO GIAFURWZWWWBQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007036 catalytic synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- LVTYICIALWPMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropanolamine Chemical compound CC(O)CNCC(C)O LVTYICIALWPMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940043276 diisopropanolamine Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009420 retrofitting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010744 Boudouard reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 C n H m (where n ≥ 2 Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005102 attenuated total reflection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N heavy water Substances [2H]O[2H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-ZSJDYOACSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
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Abstract
Description
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 합성 가스를 제조하기 위한 시스템의 구체예에 대한 모식도이다.
ATR(10) | CO2(6) | 후속 변환기(20)의 촉매층 | 후속 변환기(20)의 출구 | |
유입 T [℃] | 650 | 180 | 1038 | |
유출 T [℃] | 1050 | 988 | 995 | 853 |
유입 P [kg/cm2g] | 35.5 | 35.5 | 34.5 | 34 |
유출 P [kg/cm2g] | 34.5 | 34.5 | 34 | 33.5 |
유출 T(MDC) [℃] | - | - | 1349 | |
유출 T(BOU) [℃] | 891 | - | 860 | |
유입: | ||||
N2 [Nm3/h] | 26 | 245 | ||
CO2 [Nm3/h] | 8487 | 11615 | 17583 | |
CH4 [Nm3/h] | 18695 | 373 | ||
H2 [Nm3/h] | 394 | 31372 | ||
H2O [Nm3/h] | 11321 | 16988 | ||
CO [Nm3/h] | 0 | 20842 | ||
산소 유입: | ||||
O2 [Nm3/h] | 10735 | |||
N2 [Nm3/h] | 219 | |||
산소 원료 T [℃] | 371 | |||
유출: | ||||
N2 [Nm3/h] | 245 | 245 | 245 | |
CO2 [Nm3/h] | 5968 | 11615 | 12720 | 12720 |
CH4 [Nm3/h] | 373 | 392 | 392 | |
H2 [Nm3/h] | 31372 | 26451 | 26451 | |
H2O [Nm3/h] | 16988 | 21870 | 21870 | |
CO [Nm3/h] | 20842 | 25685 | 25685 | |
총 유출 유량 [Nm3/h] | 75788 |
독립형 ATR | |
유입 T [℃] | 650 |
유출 T [℃] | 1050 |
유입 P [kg/cm2g] | 35.5 |
유출 P [kg/cm2g] | 34.5 |
유출 T (MDC) [℃] | - |
유입: | |
N2 [Nm3/h] | 26 |
CO2 [Nm3/h] | 18678 |
CH4 [Nm3/h] | 18967 |
H2 [Nm3/h] | 400 |
H2O [Nm3/h] | 11494 |
CO [Nm3/h] | 0 |
산소 원료: | |
O2 [Nm3/h] | 11739 |
N2 [Nm3/h] | 240 |
산소 원료 T [℃] | 371 |
유출: | |
N2 [Nm3/h] | 266 |
CO2 [Nm3/h] | 11807 |
CH4 [Nm3/h] | 153 |
H2 [Nm3/h] | 26493 |
H2O [Nm3/h] | 23029 |
CO [Nm3/h] | 25685 |
총 유출 유량 [Nm3/h] | 87433 |
Claims (12)
- 합성 가스의 제조를 위한 시스템으로서,
- 탄화수소 원료 스트림으로부터 제1 합성 가스를 생성하도록 배열된 합성 가스 생성 반응기; 및
- 촉매를 수용하고 있는 쉘을 포함하는 후속 변환기
를 포함하며,
상기 촉매는 스팀 메탄 개질, 메탄화 및 역 수성 가스 전환 반응을 촉매하는데 활성이고; 상기 후속 변환기는 CO2 부화 가스 스트림을 상기 후속 변환기의 혼합 구역에 공급하기 위한 도관을 포함하고; 상기 혼합 구역은 상기 촉매의 상류이며, 상기 혼합 구역 상류에서 상기 도관의 상기 CO2 부화 가스 스트림은 혼합 구역의 하류에서 상기 촉매 위로 유동하는 가스와 열교환 관계에 있고;
상기 시스템은 상기 합성 가스 생성 반응기로부터의 상기 제1 합성 가스의 적어도 일부를 상기 후속 변환기의 상기 혼합 구역에 공급하기 위한 파이프를 더 포함하며, 이로써 제1 합성 가스의 상기 적어도 일부와 상기 CO2 부화 가스 스트림이 혼합 가스로 조합되고,
상기 후속 변환기는 상기 후속 변환기로부터 생성물 합성 가스를 유출시키기 위한 유출구를 더 포함하는, 시스템. - 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 합성 가스 생성 반응기는 자열 개질 반응기, 열 부분 산화 반응기, 촉매 부분 산화 반응기 또는 스팀 메탄 개질 반응기인 것을 특징으로 하는 시스템.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 도관은 상기 생성물 합성 가스와 열교환 관계로 상기 CO2 부화 가스 스트림을 전달하도록 배열된 제1 부분을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 시스템.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 도관은 상기 혼합 구역의 혼합 가스와 열교환 관계로 상기 CO2 부화 가스 스트림을 전달하도록 배열된 제2 부분을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 시스템.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 CO2 부화 가스 스트림은 가열로에서, 전기 가열로에서, 후속 변환기를 빠져나오는 생성물 합성 가스의 적어도 일부와의 열교환에 의해, 및/또는 후속 변환기로 유입되기 전 과열된 스팀과의 열교환에 의해 가열되는 것을 특징으로 하는 시스템.
- 제 1 항 내지 제 5 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 촉매는 스팀 개질 촉매인 것을 특징으로 하는 시스템.
- 합성 가스의 제조 방법으로서,
- 합성 가스 생성 반응기에서 탄화수소 원료 스트림으로부터 제1 합성 가스를 생성하는 단계;
- 도관을 통해서 후속 변환기의 혼합 구역으로 CO2 부화 가스 스트림을 공급하는 단계로서, 상기 후속 변환기는 촉매를 수용하고 있는 쉘을 포함하며, 상기 혼합 구역에서 상기 CO2 부화 가스 스트림과 제1 합성 가스의 적어도 일부를 혼합하기 전에, 상기 혼합 구역의 상류에서 상기 도관의 상기 CO2 부화 가스 스트림은 촉매 위로 유동하는 가스와 열교환 관계에 있는 단계;
- 상기 합성 가스 생성 반응기로부터의 제1 합성 가스의 상기 적어도 일부를 파이프를 통해서 상기 후속 변환기의 혼합 구역으로 공급하는 단계로서, 이로써 제1 합성 가스의 상기 적어도 일부와 상기 CO2 부화 가스 스트림이 혼합 가스로 조합되며, 상기 후속 변환기에서 상기 촉매는 스팀 메탄 개질, 메탄화 및 역 수성 가스 전환 반응을 촉매하는데 활성이고, 상기 혼합 구역은 상기 촉매의 상류인 단계;
- 상기 촉매 위에서 스팀 메탄 개질, 메탄화 및 역 수성 가스 전환 반응을 수행함으로써 상기 혼합 가스로부터 생성물 합성 가스를 생성하는 단계; 및
- 상기 후속 변환기로부터 상기 생성물 합성 가스를 유출시키는 단계
를 포함하는 방법. - 제 7 항에 있어서, 상기 합성 가스 생성 반응기는 자열 개질 반응기, 부분 산화 반응기, 촉매 부분 산화 반응기 또는 스팀 메탄 개질 반응기인 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 7 항에 있어서, 상기 CO2 부화 가스 스트림은 상기 촉매의 상류에서 상기 생성물 합성 가스와 열교환 관계로 전달되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 7 항에 있어서, 상기 CO2 부화 가스 스트림은 상기 촉매의 하류에서 상기 혼합 구역의 혼합 가스와 열교환 관계로 전달되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 7 항에 있어서, 상기 CO2 부화 가스 스트림은 가열로에서, 전기 가열로에서, 후속 변환기를 빠져나오는 생성물 합성 가스의 적어도 일부와의 열교환에 의해, 및/또는 후속 변환기로 유입되기 전 과열된 스팀과의 열교환에 의해 가열되는 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
- 제 7 항 내지 제 11 항 중 어느 한 항에 있어서, 촉매는 스팀 개질 촉매인 것을 특징으로 하는 방법.
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