KR102563295B1 - 고상합성에 의한 양극 활물질 및 그 제조 방법 - Google Patents
고상합성에 의한 양극 활물질 및 그 제조 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 25
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
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- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004925 denaturation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 13
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004453 electron probe microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 9
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910018661 Ni(OH) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000156302 Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009837 dry grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000219094 Vitaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 lithium iron phosphate compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VROAXDSNYPAOBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)nickel Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Ni]=O VROAXDSNYPAOBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZAUUZASCMSWKGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese nickel Chemical compound [Mn].[Ni] ZAUUZASCMSWKGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
- B02C17/10—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls with one or a few disintegrating members arranged in the container
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- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
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Abstract
Description
도 1은 기존 양극 활물질의 개략도이다.
도 2는 본 발명에 따른 양극 활물질 제조 방법의 순서도이다.
도 3a 및 도 3b는 본 발명에 따른 양극 활물질 제조 방법에 이용될 수 있는 분쇄장치의 개략도이다.
도 4는 본 발명에 따른 양극 활물질의 개략도이다.
도 5는 본 발명에 의해 분쇄된 원료 입자의 SEM 사진이다.
도 6은 실험예에 따른 양극 활물질들의 SEM 사진이다.
도 7은 실시예 1의 전극에 대한 EPMA(ELECTRON PROBE MICROANALYSIS) 측정사진이고 도 8은 비교예 3의 전극에 대한 EPMA 측정사진이다.
도 9는 실시예 1에 따른 전극의 단면 SEM 사진이고 도 10은 비교예 3에 따른 전극의 단면 SEM 사진이다.
120: 로터 130: 냉각수 라인
140: 구동부 150: 분위기제어부
160: 냉각시스템
200, 200': 단입자 양극 활물질
Claims (13)
- 리튬 복합 전이금속 산화물 제조를 위한 원료 입자들을 칭량하는 단계;
칭량한 원료 입자들을 가지고 혼합 및 분쇄해 분쇄물 입자를 얻는 단계;
상기 분쇄물 입자를 소성해 리튬 복합 전이금속 산화물을 합성하는 단계; 및
합성된 리튬 복합 전이금속 산화물을 해쇄 및 분급하여 양극 활물질 분말로 수득하는 단계를 포함하고,
상기 혼합 및 분쇄는 챔버와 챔버 내부에서 회전가능한 로터로 구성된 분쇄장치를 이용하며, 상기 챔버 안에 원료 입자들과 비즈(beads)를 넣고 상기 로터를 회전시켜 상기 비즈에 운동 에너지를 발생시키고, 상기 비즈와 원료 입자들간 충돌을 일으켜 건식으로 혼합 및 분쇄 수행하는 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 제조 방법. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 분쇄물 입자는 분쇄된 각 원료 입자들이 서로 응집된 형태로서, 응집된 덩어리를 이루는 1차 입자의 D50이 2um 이하인 크기를 가지게 되는 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 원료 입자들 단위 무게(1 kg)당 상기 비즈로부터 가해지는 운동 에너지는 200~2000 J로 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 비즈의 최대 상대 속도(Maximum Relative Velocity, MRV)는 9~18 m/s으로 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 분쇄 및 혼합하는 동안 상기 챔버에 냉각수를 흘려주어 발열에 의한 원료 변성을 방지하는 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 원료 입자들은 리튬 소스, 니켈 소스, 코발트 소스 및 망간 소스를 포함하며, 상기 리튬 복합 전이금속 산화물에서 니켈 함량이 85mol% 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 소성시 온도 범위는 760 ~ 900℃인 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 제조 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 분쇄 및 혼합하는 동안 상기 로터를 제1 속도로 회전시키는 단계; 및
상기 로터를 제1 속도로 회전시키는 단계 중간에 상기 제1 속도보다 작은 속도로 저속회전하는 단계 또는 무회전 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 제조 방법. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 원료 입자들과 비즈를 합하여 상기 챔버 내부 부피의 15~60%까지 채워 분쇄하는 것을 특징으로 하는 양극 활물질 제조 방법.
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