KR102466065B1 - 자가 부동태화 금속의 향상된 활성화 - Google Patents
자가 부동태화 금속의 향상된 활성화 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102466065B1 KR102466065B1 KR1020177005436A KR20177005436A KR102466065B1 KR 102466065 B1 KR102466065 B1 KR 102466065B1 KR 1020177005436 A KR1020177005436 A KR 1020177005436A KR 20177005436 A KR20177005436 A KR 20177005436A KR 102466065 B1 KR102466065 B1 KR 102466065B1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/20—Carburising
- C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/24—Nitriding
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/24—Nitriding
- C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
- C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
- C23C8/32—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims (25)
- 이전의 금속 성형 공정의 결과로서 베일비층(Beilby layer)을 형성하는 하나 이상의 표면 영역을 갖는, 자가 부동태화 금속(self passivating metal)으로 이루어진 공작물을, 후속 저온 침탄, 침질탄화 또는 질화 처리를 위해 활성화하는 프로세스로서:
상기 공작물을, 무산소 질소 할로겐화물 염을 증기로 전환하기 위한 온도로 무산소 질소 할로겐화물 염을 가열함으로써 생성된 증기와 접촉하게 노출시키는 단계
를 포함하며, 상기 공작물은 탄화물 석출물의 형성을 방지하기 위해 550℃ 이하의 온도에서 상기 공작물을 활성하기 위한 시간 동안 상기 증기에 노출시키는 것인 프로세스. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 무산소 질소 할로겐화물 염은, (1) 그 무산소 질소 할로겐화물 염에 상온에서 물에 대해 적어도 5몰/리터의 용해도를 제공하는 할로겐화물 음이온을 포함하고, (2) 적어도 하나의 질소 원자를 함유하고, (3) 산소를 함유하지 않으며, 그리고 (4) 대기압에서 350℃의 온도로 가열될 때에 기화하는 이온성 화합물을 포함하는 것인 프로세스.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 무산소 질소 할로겐화물 염은, 염화암모늄, 불화 암모늄, 염화 구아니디늄, 불화 구아니디늄, 염화 피리디늄, 불화 피리디늄 또는 그 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 프로세스.
- 제3항에 있어서, 상기 무산소 질소 할로겐화물 염은, 염화암모늄, 염화 구아니디늄 또는 그 혼합물을 포함하는 것인 프로세스.
- 제4항에 있어서, 상기 무산소 질소 할로겐화물 염은 염화암모늄을 포함하는 것인 프로세스.
- 제4항에 있어서, 상기 무산소 질소 할로겐화물 염은 염화 구아니디늄을 포함하는 것인 프로세스.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 공작물은 스테인리스강으로 이루어지는 것인 프로세스.
- 제7항에 있어서, 상기 스테인리스강은 AISI 316 스테인리스강으로 이루어지는 것인 프로세스.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 공작물과 상기 무산소 질소 할로겐화물 염은 폐쇄 시스템에서 함께 가열되는 것인 프로세스.
- 제1항에 있어서, 상기 공작물은 질소 원자가 그 공작물의 표면 내로 확산하게 하는 시간 및 온도 조건 하에서 상기 증기에 노출되어, 질화물 석출물의 형성 없이 공작물을 질화 처리하는 것인 프로세스.
- 제10항에 있어서, 상기 무산소 질소 할로겐화물 염은 탄소를 함유하며, 상기 공작물은 질소 원자와 탄소 원자 모두가 그 공작물의 표면 내로 확산하게 하는 시간 및 온도 조건 하에서 상기 증기에 노출되어, 질화물 석출물 또는 탄화물 석출물의 형성 없이 공작물을 침질탄화 처리하는 것인 프로세스.
- 제10항에 있어서, 상기 공작물을 증기와 접촉하게 노출시키는 단계와 동시에 또는 그 이후에, 상기 공작물이 저온 침탄 처리, 저온 질화 처리 및 저온 침질탄화 처리로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 저온 가스 경화 처리를 받게 하여, 질화물 또는 탄화물 석출물의 형성 없이 상기 공작물의 표면에 경화된 표면층을 형성하는 단계를 더 포함하며, 상기 저온 가스 경화 처리는 상기 공작물을 상기 증기와는 다른 추가적인 가스와 접촉시킴으로써 수행되며, 상기 추가적인 가스는 질화를 위한 질소 원자를 생성하도록 분해될 수 있는 화합물, 침탄을 위한 탄소 원자를 생성하도록 분해될 수 있는 화합물, 및 침질탄화를 위한 질소 및 탄소 원자 모두를 생성하도록 분해될 수 있는 화합물 중 적어도 하나를 함유하는 것인 프로세스.
- 제12항에 있어서, 상기 공작물은 그 공작물이 활성화된 후에만 상기 추가적인 가스와 접촉하는 것인 프로세스.
- 제12항에 있어서, 상기 공작물이 활성화된 후에 그 공작물을 대기중 산소에 노출시키는 것을 더 포함하는 것인 프로세스.
- 제14항에 있어서, 상기 무산소 질소 할로겐화물 염은 염화물인 것인 프로세스.
- 제14항에 있어서, 상기 공작물의 활성화는 활성화용 노에서 수행되며, 상기 활성화용 노와는 다른 열처리용 노에서 상기 저온 가스 경화가 이루어지며, 상기 공작물은 상기 활성화용 노와 상기 열처리용 노 간에 운반되는 중에 대기중 산소에 노출되는 것인 프로세스.
- 제16항에 있어서, 상기 무산소 질소 할로겐화물 염은 염화물인 것인 프로세스.
- 프로세스로서:
무산소 할로겐화물 염을 가열하여 증기를 생성하는 단계; 및
자가 부동태화 금속으로 이루어지고 표면의 적어도 일부분 상에 베일비층을 갖는 공작물을 상기 증기에 노출시키는 단계로서,
노출 온도는 상기 공작물에 탄화물 석출물의 형성을 방지하기 위해 550℃ 이하이며,
상기 노출은 질화 및 침질탄화를 위해 상기 공작물을 활성화시키도록
상기 공작물을 상기 증기에 노출시키는 단계; 및
상기 공작물이 활성화된 동안 상기 공작물을 질화 또는 침질탄화시키는 단계
를 포함하는 프로세스. - 제18항에 있어서, 상기 질화 또는 침질탄화시키는 단계는 상기 무산소 할로겐화물 염과는 상이한 질소 함유 화합물로부터 얻어진 가스와 상기 공작물을 접촉시키는 것을 포함하는 것인 프로세스.
- 제19항에 있어서, 상기 질소 함유 화합물로부터 얻어진 가스와 상기 공작물을 접촉시키는 것은 상기 활성화 중에 이루어지는 것인 프로세스.
- 제19항에 있어서, 상기 질소 함유 화합물로부터 얻어진 가스와 상기 공작물을 접촉시키는 것은 상기 활성화가 시작할 때에 이루어지는 것인 프로세스.
- 제19항에 있어서, 상기 노출시키는 단계는, 상기 질소 함유 화합물로부터 얻어진 가스와 상기 공작물을 접촉시키는 것과 동시에 이루어지는 것인 프로세스.
- 제19항에 있어서, 상기 질소 함유 화합물로부터 얻어진 가스와 상기 공작물을 접촉시키는 것은 상기 노출 후에 이루어지는 것인 프로세스.
- 제19항에 있어서, 상기 질소 함유 화합물은, N/C 화합물, 적어도 하나의 질소-탄소 결합 및 적어도 4개의 탄소 원자를 포함하는 1종 이상의 화합물을 포함하며,
상기 1종 이상의 화합물은, 1기압 25℃에서 고체 또는 액체인 것인 프로세스. - 프로세스로서:
무산소 할로겐화물 염을 가열하여 증기를 생성하는 단계; 및
자가 부동태화 금속으로 이루어지고 표면의 적어도 일부분 상에 베일비층을 갖는 공작물을 상기 증기에 노출시키는 단계로서,
노출 온도는 상기 공작물에 탄화물 석출물의 형성을 방지하기 위해 550℃ 이하이며,
상기 노출은 질화 및 침질탄화를 위해 상기 공작물을 활성화시키도록
상기 공작물을 상기 증기에 노출시키는 단계; 및
상기 활성화와 동시에 상기 공작물을 질화 또는 침질탄화시키는 단계
를 포함하는 프로세스.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US201462031338P | 2014-07-31 | 2014-07-31 | |
US62/031,338 | 2014-07-31 | ||
PCT/US2015/042785 WO2016019088A1 (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2015-07-30 | Enhanced activation of self-passivating metals |
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KR20170037646A KR20170037646A (ko) | 2017-04-04 |
KR102466065B1 true KR102466065B1 (ko) | 2022-11-10 |
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KR1020177005436A Active KR102466065B1 (ko) | 2014-07-31 | 2015-07-30 | 자가 부동태화 금속의 향상된 활성화 |
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US (3) | US10214805B2 (ko) |
EP (2) | EP3175012B1 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR102466065B1 (ko) |
CN (2) | CN107109615B (ko) |
DK (1) | DK3175012T3 (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2016019088A1 (ko) |
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PL2688227T3 (pl) | 2005-10-21 | 2018-11-30 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Technika realizacji procedury swobodnego dostępu poprzez interfejs radiowy |
CN107109615B (zh) | 2014-07-31 | 2020-12-04 | 世伟洛克公司 | 自钝化金属的增强活化 |
US11193197B2 (en) | 2018-06-11 | 2021-12-07 | Swagelok Company | Chemical activation of self-passivating metals |
WO2020178971A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-05 | 2020-09-10 | 国立大学法人東海国立大学機構 | ダイヤモンド切削工具を用いた切削方法 |
EP4069880A1 (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2022-10-12 | Swagelok Company | Chemical activation of self-passivating metals |
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