KR102341408B1 - 리튬 전지용 전해질, 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 전지 - Google Patents
리튬 전지용 전해질, 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- KR102341408B1 KR102341408B1 KR1020140111045A KR20140111045A KR102341408B1 KR 102341408 B1 KR102341408 B1 KR 102341408B1 KR 1020140111045 A KR1020140111045 A KR 1020140111045A KR 20140111045 A KR20140111045 A KR 20140111045A KR 102341408 B1 KR102341408 B1 KR 102341408B1
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- lithium battery
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 61
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 17
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011356 non-aqueous organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000003837 (C1-C20) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003739 carbamimidoyl group Chemical group C(N)(=N)* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000007857 hydrazones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004397 aminosulfonyl group Chemical group NS(=O)(=O)* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000006743 (C1-C60) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006748 (C2-C10) heterocycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006744 (C2-C60) alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006745 (C2-C60) alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006376 (C3-C10) cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000006749 (C6-C60) aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000592 heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004149 thio group Chemical group *S* 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000008 (C1-C10) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006735 (C1-C20) heteroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006734 (C2-C20) alkoxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006649 (C2-C20) alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006736 (C6-C20) aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006737 (C6-C20) arylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006738 (C6-C20) heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006742 (C6-C20) heteroarylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006740 (C6-C20) heteroaryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006741 (C6-C20) heteroaryloxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
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- 125000003358 C2-C20 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000006739 (C7-C20) heteroarylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- -1 but not limited to Chemical group 0.000 description 46
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 24
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 23
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 12
- AZUYLZMQTIKGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[6-[4-(5-chloro-6-methyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)-5-methyl-3-(1-methylindazol-5-yl)pyrazol-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl]prop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound ClC=1C(=C2C=NNC2=CC=1C)C=1C(=NN(C=1C)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(C=C)=O)C1)C=1C=C2C=NN(C2=CC=1)C AZUYLZMQTIKGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 11
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 10
- QJMMCGKXBZVAEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphate Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)OP(=O)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[Si](C)(C)C QJMMCGKXBZVAEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 9
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229940032159 propylene carbonate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical group OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004183 alkoxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
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- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-mevalonolactone Natural products CC1(O)CCOC(=O)C1 JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000925 Cd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-ZCFIWIBFSA-N R-mevalonolactone, (-)- Chemical compound C[C@@]1(O)CCOC(=O)C1 JYVXNLLUYHCIIH-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000004982 dihaloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000005326 heteroaryloxy alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethyldisilazane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)N[Si](C)(C)C FFUAGWLWBBFQJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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Abstract
Description
도 2는 실시예 1a-1c 및 비교예 1a-1d에서 제조된 리튬 전지에 대한 용량 유지율의 측정 결과이다.
도 3은 실시예 2 및 비교예 2a-2b에서 제조된 리튬 전지에 대한 용량 유지율의 측정 결과이다.
도 4a 및 도 4b는 실시예 2 및 비교예 2a-2b에서 제조된 리튬 전지의 초기 충방전 후 양극 표면의 물질에 대한 X-레이 광전자 스펙트럼(XPS) 데이터다. 여기서, 도 4a는 O 원자의 1s 피크의 측정 결과이고, 도 4b는 F 원자의 1s 피크의 측정 결과이다.
도 5는 실시예 3a-3c 및 비교예 3a-3b에서 제조된 리튬 전지에 대한 용량 유지율의 측정 결과이다.
22: 음극
23: 양극
24: 세퍼레이터
25: 전지 용기
26: 봉입 부재
Claims (11)
- 비수성 유기 용매;
하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 제1 화합물; 및
하기 화학식 2로 표시되는 제2 화합물;을 포함하고,
전해질의 총 중량에 대하여, 상기 제1 화합물 및 제2 화합물의 총 함량이 0 중량% 초과, 6 중량% 미만인 리튬 전지용 전해질:
[화학식 1]
상기 식 중,
A는 보론(B) 또는 인(P)이고,
X는 할로겐 원자이고,
A가 보론(B)인 경우, n=1, m=1이고,
A가 인(P)인 경우, n=1, m=2 또는 n=2, m=1이다.
[화학식 2]
상기 식 중,
R1 내지 R9는 각각 독립적으로, 수소, 중수소, 할로겐 원자, 히드록실기(-OH), 시아노기, 니트로기, 아미노기, 아미디노기, 히드라진, 히드라존, 카르복실기나 이의 염, 술폰산기나 이의 염, 인산이나 이의 염, 티오기(-SH), -C(=O)-H, 치환 또는 비치환된 C1-C60 알킬기, 치환 또는 비치환된 C2-C60 알케닐기, 치환 또는 비치환된 C2-C60 알키닐기, 치환 또는 비치환된 C3-C10 시클로알킬기, 치환 또는 비치환된 C3-C10 헤테로시클로알킬기, 치환 또는 비치환된 C2-C10 시클로알케닐기, 치환 또는 비치환된 C2-C10 헤테로시클로알케닐기, 치환 또는 비치환된 C6-C60아릴기, 및 치환 또는 비치환된 C2-C60 헤테로아릴기로부터 선택되고,
n은 0 또는 1 이다. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 화학식 1에서 상기 X는 플루오로 원자인 리튬 전지용 전해질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 화학식 2에서, 상기 알킬기, 상기 알케닐기, 및 상기 알키닐기는 각각 독립적으로 하나 이상의 수소 원자가 할로겐 원자, 할로겐 원자로 치환된 C1-C20의 알킬기, C1-C20의 알콕시, C2-C20의 알콕시알킬, 히드록시기, 니트로기, 시아노기, 아미노기, 아미디노기, 히드라진, 히드라존, 카르복실기나 그의 염, 술포닐기, 설파모일(sulfamoyl)기, 술폰산기나 그의 염, 인산이나 그의 염, 또는 C1-C20의 알킬기, C2-C20 알케닐기, C2-C20 알키닐기, C1-C20의 헤테로알킬기, C6-C20의 아릴기, C6-C20의 아릴알킬기, C6-C20의 헤테로아릴기, C7-C20의 헤테로아릴알킬기, C6-C20의 헤테로아릴옥시기, C6-C20의 헤테로아릴옥시알킬기 또는 C6-C20의 헤테로아릴알킬기로 치환될 수 있는 리튬 전지용 전해질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 화학식 2에서 R1 내지 R9는 각각 독립적으로, 치환 또는 비치환된 탄소수 1 내지 10의 알킬기인 리튬 전지용 전해질. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 전해질의 총 중량에 대하여, 상기 제1 화합물의 함량이 0.1 중량% 이상, 4 중량% 미만이고, 상기 제2 화합물의 함량이 0.1 중량% 이상, 4 중량% 미만인 리튬 전지용 전해질. - 제1항에 있어서,
리튬염을 더 포함하는 리튬 전지용 전해질. - 양극;
음극; 및
상기 양극과 음극 사이에 배치되는 제1항 내지 제9항 중 어느 한 항에 따른 전해질;을 포함하는 리튬 전지. - 제10항에 있어서,
상기 리튬 전지는 4.3V 내지 4.6V의 전압 범위에서 작동하는 리튬 전지.
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