KR101387861B1 - 비수전해액형 리튬 이온 2차 전지 - Google Patents
비수전해액형 리튬 이온 2차 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- KR101387861B1 KR101387861B1 KR1020127003047A KR20127003047A KR101387861B1 KR 101387861 B1 KR101387861 B1 KR 101387861B1 KR 1020127003047 A KR1020127003047 A KR 1020127003047A KR 20127003047 A KR20127003047 A KR 20127003047A KR 101387861 B1 KR101387861 B1 KR 101387861B1
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- positive electrode
- lithium ion
- secondary battery
- negative electrode
- ion secondary
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- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 13
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
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- 229910021437 lithium-transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 20
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
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- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose Chemical compound OC1C(O)C(OC)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(CO)O3)O)C(CO)O2)O)C(CO)O1 UFVKGYZPFZQRLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000625 lithium cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCC LZDKZFUFMNSQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000572 Lithium Nickel Cobalt Manganese Oxide (NCM) Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000978776 Senegalia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
- IDSMHEZTLOUMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[O].[Co] Chemical class [Li].[O].[Co] IDSMHEZTLOUMLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Co+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FBDMTTNVIIVBKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001142 dicarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOC SBZXBUIDTXKZTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido(oxo)cobalt Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Co]=O BFZPBUKRYWOWDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical class [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021470 non-graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
- Y10T29/4911—Electric battery cell making including sealing
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- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
정극 활물질을 갖는 정극과 부극 활물질을 갖는 부극과 세퍼레이터를 포함하는 전극체와, 지지염으로서의 리튬염을 유기 용매 중에 포함하는 비수전해액을 케이스에 수용하여 이루어지는 리튬 이온 2차 전지이다. 상기 정극 활물질은 층상 구조의 리튬 천이 금속 산화물이다. 상기 전해액은 상기 전지 내에 혼입하는 수분 총량 α몰에 대해, 화학식 I로 나타내는 화합물을 β몰 포함한다. β는 -1.3≤log(β/α)≤1을 만족시킨다.
Description
도 2는 일 실시 형태에 관한 전지를 구성하는 정부극 및 세퍼레이터를 도시하는 모식적인 평면도이다.
도 3은 도 1의 III-III선 단면도이다.
도 4는 전지의 초기 내부 저항 및 충방전 사이클 시험 후의 내부 저항 증가율을, 첨가제량과 수분 총량의 몰비의 관계로 플롯한 그래프이다.
도 5는 본 발명의 리튬 이온 2차 전지를 구비한 차량(자동차)을 모식적으로 도시하는 측면도이다.
도 6은 18650형 리튬 이온 2차 전지의 모식적 형상을 예시하는 사시도이다.
10 : 리튬 이온 2차 전지
20 : 권회 전극체
30 : 정극 시트(정극)
32 : 정극 집전체
35 : 정극 합재층
40 : 부극 시트(부극)
42 : 부극 집전체
45 : 부극 합재층
50A, 50B : 세퍼레이터
Claims (6)
- 정극 활물질을 갖는 정극과 부극 활물질을 갖는 부극과 세퍼레이터를 구성 부재로서 포함하는 전극체와, 지지염으로서의 리튬염을 유기 용매 중에 포함하는 비수전해액을 케이스에 수용하여 이루어지는 리튬 이온 2차 전지이며,
상기 정극 활물질은 리튬과 천이 금속을 구성 금속 원소로서 포함하는 층상 산화물을 포함하고,
상기 지지염은 불소를 구성 원자로서 포함하는 리튬염이고,
상기 전해액은 다음의 화학식 I:
[화학식 I]
에 의해 나타내는 화합물을 첨가제로서 포함하고,
여기서, 상기 전지는 상기 전지를 조립할 때에 상기 케이스 내에 혼입되는 수분의 총 몰수 α에 대해, 다음의 수학식 A:
[수학식 A]
을 만족시키는 몰수 β의 상기 첨가제가 상기 케이스 내에 수용되도록 구축된 것인, 리튬 이온 2차 전지. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 케이스 내에 혼입되는 수분은 상기 정극과 상기 부극과 상기 세퍼레이터와 상기 전해액에 포함되는 수분으로서 규정되는, 리튬 이온 2차 전지.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 있어서, 상기 지지염이 LiPF6, LiBF4, LiAsF6 및 LiSbF6로부터 선택되는 적어도 1종인, 리튬 이온 2차 전지.
- 정극 활물질을 갖는 정극과 부극 활물질을 갖는 부극과 세퍼레이터를 구성부재로서 포함하는 전극체와, 지지염으로서의 리튬염을 유기 용매 중에 포함하는 비수전해액을 케이스에 수용하여 이루어지는 리튬 이온 2차 전지를 제조하는 방법이며,
(a) 상기 전지의 구성 부재인 상기 정극, 상기 부극, 상기 세퍼레이터 및 초기 전해액을 준비하는 공정, 여기서 상기 정극 활물질은, 리튬과 천이 금속을 구성금속원소로서 포함하는 층상산화물을 포함하고, 또한, 상기 초기 전해액은 불소를 구성 원자로서 포함하는 리튬염을 지지염으로 하고, 상기 지지염을 소정 농도로 유기 용매에 용해하여 이루어지고,
(b) 상기 (a) 공정에서 준비한 상기 정극, 상기 부극, 상기 세퍼레이터 및 상기 초기 전해액에 포함되는 수분량에 기초하여, 이들 구성 부재에 기인하여 상기 케이스 내에 혼입되는 수분 총량의 몰 환산값 α를 파악하는 공정,
(c) 이하의 수학식 A :
[수학식 A]
에 상기 α의 값을 대입하여 상기 수학식 A를 만족시키는 상기 β의 수치 범위를 산출하는 공정,
(d) 상기 초기 전해액에, 첨가제로서 이하의 화학식 I :
[화학식 I]
에 의해 나타내는 화합물을, 상기 (c) 공정에서 산출한 상기 β의 수치 범위 내의 몰수로 첨가하여, 최종 전해액을 조제하는 공정, 및
(e) 상기 정극, 상기 부극, 상기 세퍼레이터 및 상기 최종 전해액을 사용하여, 이슬점 -10℃ 이하의 환경 하에서 리튬 이온 2차 전지를 조립하는 공정을 포함하는, 리튬 이온 2차 전지 제조 방법. - 제1항 또는 제2항에 기재된 리튬 이온 2차 전지를 복수 접속하여 이루어지는, 조전지.
- 제1항 또는 제2항에 기재된 리튬 이온 2차 전지를 구비하는, 차량.
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