KR101387603B1 - 비수 전해액 및 이를 이용한 리튬 이차전지 - Google Patents
비수 전해액 및 이를 이용한 리튬 이차전지 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR101387603B1 KR101387603B1 KR1020120077045A KR20120077045A KR101387603B1 KR 101387603 B1 KR101387603 B1 KR 101387603B1 KR 1020120077045 A KR1020120077045 A KR 1020120077045A KR 20120077045 A KR20120077045 A KR 20120077045A KR 101387603 B1 KR101387603 B1 KR 101387603B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- group
- lithium secondary
- carbonate
- secondary battery
- ester compound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- -1 alkyl ester compound Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 43
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- IJMWOMHMDSDKGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC(C)C IJMWOMHMDSDKGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- FZXRXKLUIMKDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylpropyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OCC(C)C FZXRXKLUIMKDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XAOGXQMKWQFZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OCCC(C)C XAOGXQMKWQFZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XUPYJHCZDLZNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCC XUPYJHCZDLZNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RGFNRWTWDWVHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyl butyrate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OCC(C)C RGFNRWTWDWVHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001174 sulfone group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound C=CC1COC(=O)O1 BJWMSGRKJIOCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(C(=O)N)CCN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NVJUHMXYKCUMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOCC NVJUHMXYKCUMQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HFZLSTDPRQSZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pyrrolidin-3-ylpyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCCN1C1CNCC1 HFZLSTDPRQSZCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LWLOKSXSAUHTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CC1OC(=O)OC1C LWLOKSXSAUHTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LSUWCXHZPFTZSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-ethyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CCC1OC(=O)OC1C LSUWCXHZPFTZSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- AUXJVUDWWLIGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-propyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound CCCC1COC(=O)O1 AUXJVUDWWLIGRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl acetate Natural products CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910020366 ClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isothiocyanatocyclopropane Chemical compound S=C=NC1CC1 JGFBQFKZKSSODQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 108010000020 Platelet Factor 3 Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N butanoic acid ethyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OCC OBNCKNCVKJNDBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyric acid octyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC PWLNAUNEAKQYLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OCCC VUPKGFBOKBGHFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropyl ether Chemical compound CCCOCCC POLCUAVZOMRGSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- QKBJDEGZZJWPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound [CH2]COC(=O)OCCC QKBJDEGZZJWPJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC(O)=O FUZZWVXGSFPDMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- JSLCOZYBKYHZNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid butyl ester Natural products CCCCOC(=O)C(C)C JSLCOZYBKYHZNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004491 isohexyl group Chemical group C(CCC(C)C)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxypropane Chemical compound CCCOC VNKYTQGIUYNRMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyric acid methyl ester Natural products CCCC(=O)OC UUIQMZJEGPQKFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HUAZGNHGCJGYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl butyrate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CCC HUAZGNHGCJGYNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003548 sec-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001973 tert-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006276 transfer reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 17
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910011281 LiCoPO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910015644 LiMn 2 - z Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910015676 LiMn 2-z Co Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 32
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)-N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C(=O)NCCC(N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2)=O VZSRBBMJRBPUNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl propionate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC RJUFJBKOKNCXHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229940017219 methyl propionate Drugs 0.000 description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-oxo-2-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)ethyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 NIPNSKYNPDTRPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[3-oxo-3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propyl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(CCNC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 AFCARXCZXQIEQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 5
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 4
- DEXFNLNNUZKHNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-[3-[4-[2-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ylamino)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperidin-1-yl]-3-oxopropyl]-3H-1,3-benzoxazol-2-one Chemical compound C1C(CC2=CC=CC=C12)NC1=NC=C(C=N1)C1CCN(CC1)C(CCC1=CC2=C(NC(O2)=O)C=C1)=O DEXFNLNNUZKHNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[1-oxo-1-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)propan-2-yl]-2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidine-5-carboxamide Chemical compound O=C(C(C)NC(=O)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F)N1CC2=C(CC1)NN=N2 MKYBYDHXWVHEJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IFDLFCDWOFLKEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutylbenzene Chemical compound CCC(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IFDLFCDWOFLKEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2,4,6,7-tetrahydrotriazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-5-yl)-1-[4-[2-[[3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methylamino]pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl]propan-1-one Chemical compound N1N=NC=2CN(CCC=21)CCC(=O)N1CCN(CC1)C=1C=NC(=NC=1)NCC1=CC(=CC=C1)OC(F)(F)F YLZOPXRUQYQQID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonyldimethane Chemical compound CS(C)(=O)=O HHVIBTZHLRERCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide Chemical compound O=S1OCCO1 WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBDUIEKYVPVZJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethylsulfonylethane Chemical compound CCS(=O)(=O)CC MBDUIEKYVPVZJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBJCDTIWNDBNTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylethane Chemical compound CCS(C)(=O)=O YBJCDTIWNDBNTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUIJTQZXUURFQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylsulfonylethene Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C=C WUIJTQZXUURFQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJHAYVFVKRXMKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide Chemical compound CC1COS(=O)O1 SJHAYVFVKRXMKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910018871 CoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920008712 Copo Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FHKPLLOSJHHKNU-INIZCTEOSA-N [(3S)-3-[8-(1-ethyl-5-methylpyrazol-4-yl)-9-methylpurin-6-yl]oxypyrrolidin-1-yl]-(oxan-4-yl)methanone Chemical compound C(C)N1N=CC(=C1C)C=1N(C2=NC=NC(=C2N=1)O[C@@H]1CN(CC1)C(=O)C1CCOCC1)C FHKPLLOSJHHKNU-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
리튬 이차전지의 초기 충전시 리튬 금속 산화물 등의 캐소드 활물질로부터 나온 리튬 이온은 그래파이트 등의 애노드 활물질로 이동하여, 애노드 활물질의 층간에 삽입된다. 이때, 리튬은 반응성이 강하므로 그래파이트 등의 애노드 활물질 표면에서 전해액과 애노드 활물질을 구성하는 탄소가 반응하여 Li2CO3, Li2O, LiOH 등의 화합물을 생성한다. 이들 화합물은 그래파이트 등의 애노드 활물질의 표면에 일종의 SEI(Solid Electrolyte Interface)층을 형성하게 된다.
SEI층은 이온 터널의 역할을 수행하여 리튬 이온 만을 통과시킨다. SEI층은 이러한 이온 터널의 효과로서, 전해액 중에서 리튬 이온과 함께 이동하는 분자량이 큰 유기 용매 분자가 애노드 활물질의 층간에 삽입되어 애노드 구조가 파괴되는 것을 막아준다. 따라서, 전해액과 애노드 활물질의 접촉을 방지함으로써 전해액의 분해가 발생하지 않고, 전해액 중의 리튬 이온의 양이 가역적으로 유지되어 안정적인 충방전이 유지된다.
그러나, 비수 전해액이 주입된 이차전지의 충전 및 방전 사이클이 반복함에 따라, 애노드도 급격한 수축팽창을 동반하게 되고, 충전시 애노드의 팽창으로 SEI층이 붕괴되면 전해액 분해에 의하여 새로운 SEI층이 생성된다. 이로인해 전해질이 점차 고갈되고, 그 결과, 전해액 내에 존재하는 리튬 이온이 소모되어 사이클이 진행됨에 따라 전지의 용량이 감소하게 된다. 이때, 용매 중 화합물 성분의 고갈도 발생하게 되며, 전지 수명이 급격히 감소하는 문제로 이어진다.
도 2는 실시예 2-4 내지 2-6, 비교예 2-5, 및 비교예 2-6에서 제조된 리튬 이차전지의 고온 수명 특성을 나타낸 그래프이다.
도 3은 실시예 2-7 내지 2-9, 비교예 2-7 내지 비교예 2-9에서 제조된 리튬 이차전지의 고온 수명 특성을 나타낸 그래프이다.
Claims (19)
- 전해질 염 및 유기용매를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액에 있어서,
상기 비수 전해액이 하기 화학식 1로 표시되는 제1 에스테르계 화합물 및 하기 화학식 2로 표시되는 제2 에스테르계 화합물을 더 포함하고, 상기 제1 에스테르계 화합물 및 제2 에스테르계 화합물의 함량이 상기 유기용매, 제1 에스테르계 화합물 및 제2 에스테르계 화합물의 총부피에 대하여 50 내지 90 부피%로 포함되고,
상기 제1 에스테르계 화합물과 제2 에스테르계 화합물 간에 라디칼 트랜스퍼(transfer) 반응이 일어나는
리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액:
[화학식 1]
상기 화학식 1에서, R1이 치환 또는 비치환된 탄소수 1 내지 10의 직쇄형 또는 분지형 알킬기이고, R2가 치환 또는 비치환된 탄소수 3 내지 10의 분지형 알킬기이고,
[화학식 2]
상기 화학식 2에서, R3 및 R4가 치환 또는 비치환된 탄소수 1 내지 10의 직쇄형 알킬기이다. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 제1 에스테르계 화합물(a) 대 제2 에스테르계 화합물(b)의 혼합 부피비(a:b)가 80:20 내지 20:80인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 R1이 치환 또는 비치환된 탄소수 1 내지 8의 직쇄형 또는 분지형 알킬기이고, 상기 R2가 치환 또는 비치환된 탄소수 3 내지 8의 분지형 알킬기이고,
상기 R3 및 R4가 치환 또는 비치환된 탄소수 1 내지 8의 직쇄형 알킬기인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 R1이 치환 또는 비치환된 탄소수 1 내지 6의 직쇄형 또는 분지형 알킬기이고, 상기 R2가 치환 또는 비치환된 탄소수 3 내지 8의 이소알킬기, 치환 또는 비치환된 탄소수 4 내지 8의 sec-알킬기 또는 치환 또는 비치환된 탄소수 4 내지 8의 tert-알킬기이고,
상기 R3 및 R4가 치환 또는 비치환된 탄소수 1 내지 6의 직쇄형 알킬기인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 R1, R3 및 R4가 메틸기, 에틸기, 프로필기 또는 부틸기이고, 상기 R2가 이소프로필기, 이소부틸기, 이소펜틸기, 이소헥실기, sec-부틸기, sec-펜틸기, tert-부틸기, 또는 tert-펜틸기인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 제1 에스테르계 화합물이 이소부틸 프로피오네이트, 이소아밀 프로피오네이트, 이소부틸 부티레이트, 및 이소프로필 프로피오네이트로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상이고, 상기 제2 에스테르계 화합물이 메틸프로피오네이트, 에틸프로피오네이트, 프로필프로피오네이트, 부틸프로피오네이트, 메틸아세테이트, 에틸아세테이트, 프로필아세테이트, 부틸아세테이트, 메틸부티레이트, 에틸부티레이트, 프로필부티레이트, 및 부틸부티레이트로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 전해질 염이 리튬염인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액. - 제7항에 있어서,
상기 리튬염의 음이온이 F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3 -, N(CN)2 -, BF4 -, ClO4 -, PF6 -, (CF3)2PF4 -, (CF3)3PF3 -, (CF3)4PF2 -, (CF3)5PF-, (CF3)6P-, CF3SO3 -, CF3CF2SO3 -, (CF3SO2)2N-, (FSO2)2N- , CF3CF2(CF3)2CO-, (CF3SO2)2CH-, (SF5)3C-, (CF3SO2)3C-, CF3(CF2)7SO3 -, CF3CO2 -, CH3CO2 -, SCN- 및 (CF3CF2SO2)2N-로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 어느 하나인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 유기 용매가 선형 카보네이트, 환형 카보네이트, 에테르, 에스테르, 및 아미드로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액. - 제9항에 있어서,
상기 선형 카보네이트가 디메틸 카보네이트, 디에틸 카보네이트, 디프로필 카보네이트, 에틸메틸 카보네이트, 메틸프로필 카보네이트 및 에틸프로필카보네이트로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액. - 제9항에 있어서,
상기 환형 카보네이트가 에틸렌 카보네이트, 프로필렌 카보네이트, 1,2-부틸렌 카보네이트, 2,3-부틸렌 카보네이트, 1,2-펜틸렌 카보네이트, 2,3-펜틸렌 카보네이트, 비닐렌 카보네이트, 비닐에틸렌 카보네이트 또는 이들의 할로겐화물로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액. - 제9항에 있어서,
상기 에테르가 디메틸 에테르, 디에틸 에테르, 디프로필 에테르, 메틸에틸 에테르, 메틸프로필 에테르 및 에틸프로필 에테르로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상의 혼합물을 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액. - 제1항에 있어서,
상기 비수 전해액이 환형 설파이트, 포화 설톤, 불포화 설톤, 및 비환형 설폰으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상의 혼합물을 더 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액. - 애노드, 캐소드, 및 상기 캐소드와 애노드 사이에 개재된 세퍼레이터로 이루어진 전극조립체 및 상기 전극 조립체에 주입된 비수 전해액을 구비하는 리튬 이차전지에 있어서, 상기 비수 전해액이 제1항 내지 제13항 중 어느 한 항의 리튬 이차전지용 비수 전해액인 리튬 이차전지.
- 제14항에 있어서,
상기 애노드가 리튬 금속, 탄소재, 금속 화합물 및 이들의 혼합물을 포함하는 애노드 활물질층을 구비한 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지. - 제15항에 있어서,
상기 금속 화합물이 Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, P, Sb, Bi, Al, Ga, In, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Mg, Sr, 및 Ba로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 1종 이상의 금속 원소를 함유하는 화합물 또는 이들의 혼합물인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지. - 제14항에 있어서,
상기 캐소드가 리튬 함유 산화물을 포함하는 캐소드층을 구비하는 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지. - 제17항에 있어서,
상기 리튬 함유 산화물이 리튬 함유 전이금속 산화물인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지. - 제18항에 있어서,
상기 리튬 함유 전이금속 산화물이 LiCoO2, LiNiO2, LiMnO2, LiMn2O4, Li(NiaCobMnc)O2(0<a<1, 0<b<1, 0<c<1, a+b+c=1), LiNi1 - yCoyO2, LiCo1 - yMnyO2, LiNi1 -yMnyO2(O≤y<1), Li(NiaCobMnc)O4(0<a<2, 0<b<2, 0<c<2, a+b+c=2), LiMn2-zNizO4, LiMn2-zCozO4(0<z<2), LiCoPO4 및 LiFePO4로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나 또는 이들 중 2종 이상의 혼합물인 것을 특징으로 하는 리튬 이차전지.
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JP2014520143A JP5687804B2 (ja) | 2011-07-14 | 2012-07-16 | 非水電解液及びそれを用いたリチウム二次電池 |
TW101125730A TWI464932B (zh) | 2011-07-14 | 2012-07-16 | 非水溶性電解質及使用其之鋰二次電池 |
EP12811452.7A EP2733780B1 (en) | 2011-07-14 | 2012-07-16 | Nonaqueous electrolyte and lithium secondary battery using same |
CN201280034942.0A CN103688402B (zh) | 2011-07-14 | 2012-07-16 | 非水电解质溶液和使用其的锂二次电池 |
US13/934,523 US9325035B2 (en) | 2011-07-14 | 2013-07-03 | Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium secondary battery using the same |
US14/557,726 US20150086878A1 (en) | 2011-07-14 | 2014-12-02 | Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium secondary battery using the same |
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WO2016044682A1 (en) * | 2014-09-19 | 2016-03-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Electrolyte solutions for rechargeable batteries |
KR101747910B1 (ko) * | 2014-09-30 | 2017-06-16 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 비수 전해액 리튬 이차전지 |
KR101764266B1 (ko) | 2014-12-02 | 2017-08-04 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 저온 성능이 향상된 리튬 이차전지용 전해액 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
CN107431197B (zh) * | 2015-03-31 | 2020-08-21 | 株式会社Lg化学 | 非水电解质及包含该非水电解质的锂二次电池 |
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US9325035B2 (en) | 2016-04-26 |
CN103688402A (zh) | 2014-03-26 |
WO2013009155A2 (ko) | 2013-01-17 |
KR20130009706A (ko) | 2013-01-23 |
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