KR100835240B1 - Golf Pesticide Substitution Composition - Google Patents
Golf Pesticide Substitution Composition Download PDFInfo
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- KR100835240B1 KR100835240B1 KR1020060124225A KR20060124225A KR100835240B1 KR 100835240 B1 KR100835240 B1 KR 100835240B1 KR 1020060124225 A KR1020060124225 A KR 1020060124225A KR 20060124225 A KR20060124225 A KR 20060124225A KR 100835240 B1 KR100835240 B1 KR 100835240B1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/02—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/06—Coniferophyta [gymnosperms], e.g. cypress
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/36—Rutaceae [Rue family], e.g. lime, orange, lemon, corktree or pricklyash
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
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Abstract
본 발명은 74~87중량%의 물과, 11~18중량%의 식물성 유기산, 1~5중량%의 알콜, 1~3중량%의 탄닌으로 이루어지는 골프장 농약대체제 조성물을 제공하기 위한 것으로, 본 발명 골프장 및 운동장, 공원 등 잔디가 생육하는 환경에 모두 적용할 수 있는 농약대체제 조성물을 제공할 수 있는 것이며, 살균효과 및 곤충 및 벌레들의 기피효과, 미생물 번식과 생장억제 효과 등에 의해 양호한 잔디상태를 유지할 수 있고 잔디가 손상되는 것을 방지할 수 있는 것이다.The present invention is to provide a golf course pesticide replacement composition consisting of 74 to 87% by weight of water, 11 to 18% by weight of vegetable organic acid, 1 to 5% by weight of alcohol, 1 to 3% by weight of tannin. It is possible to provide a pesticide replacement composition that can be applied to both grass and golf environment, such as golf courses, sports fields, and parks, and maintains good grass conditions by disinfecting and avoiding insects and insects, microbial propagation and growth inhibition. Can prevent the grass from being damaged.
또한 본 발명은 천연성분이어서 인체에는 무해하고 잔류 농약 염려나 수질 오염의 우려가 전혀 없는 매우 환경친화적인 농약을 제공할 수 있는 유용한 발명인 것이다.In addition, the present invention is a useful invention that can provide a very environmentally friendly pesticide because it is a natural ingredient, harmless to the human body, there is no concern about residual pesticides or water pollution.
Description
본 발명은 골프장 농약대체제 조성물에 관한 것으로, 더욱 상세하게는 벌레나 세균에 의해 골프장의 잔디가 손상되는 것을 방지하기 위한 농약 대신 살포하기 위한 천연성분으로 이루어지는 골프장 농약대체제 조성물에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a golf course pesticide replacement composition, and more particularly to a golf course pesticide replacement composition consisting of a natural ingredient for spraying instead of pesticides to prevent the grass of the golf course by damaging the grass or bacteria.
종래 골프장은 코스의 거의 대부분이 잔디로 덮여 있으며, 따라서 골프장의 잔디관리는 매우 중요하면서도 작업자들에게 힘든 작업이 아닐 수 없다.In the conventional golf course, almost all of the course is covered with grass, so the lawn management of the golf course is very important, but it is a difficult task for the workers.
특히 골프장의 잔디는 자생한 것이 아니고 골프장의 토양이나 기후 조건, 환경에 맞춰 인위적으로 심고 관리하는 것이어서 특별한 관리가 뒤따르지 않으면 병해의 발생은 물론 벌레들에 의해 심각한 피해를 입게 된다.In particular, the turf of the golf course is not native, but artificially planted and managed according to the soil, climatic conditions and environment of the golf course, and unless special management is followed, it causes serious damage by insects as well as the occurrence of disease.
따라서 작업자들은 항상 양호한 잔디상태를 유지하기 위해 정기적으로 농약을 뿌려 잔디가 손상되는 것을 방지하고 있으나, 골프장에 사용되는 농약은 토양에 스며들거나 식물에 흡수되지 않은 상태로 흘러내려 인근 하천을 오염시켜 수질을 오염시키기도 한다.As a result, workers regularly spray pesticides to maintain good grass conditions to prevent damage to the grass.However, pesticides used in golf courses are contaminated with soil or run down without being absorbed by plants, contaminating nearby rivers. It may also contaminate.
더구나 농약은 토양 미생물 및 천적 감소 등 생태계를 교란하고, 토양을 산성화시키며, 중금속과 같은 공해물질을 토양에 축적하게 되어 잔디의 생장조건을 악화시킬 뿐만 아니라, 골프장을 이용하는 고객들의 건강에도 치명적인 위해 요인으로 작용하게 되어 무독성, 무공해성의 천연 농약 또는 생물 농약의 필요성이 절실히 요구되고 있는 실정이다.Moreover, pesticides disrupt ecosystems such as soil microorganisms and natural enemies, acidify the soil, and accumulate pollutants such as heavy metals in the soil, which not only worsens the conditions for growing grass, but also poses a risk to the health of golfers. As a result, there is an urgent need for non-toxic, pollution-free natural pesticides or biological pesticides.
지금까지 종래 사용되던 화학농약을 대체하기 위한 다양한 연구가 국내 특허출원 제10-2001-0062300호 천연 살충 조성물과 국내 특허출원 제10-2001-0068134호, 10-2002-0063985호와 같은 식물성에 추출한 살충 조성물들과 같이 활발하게 진행되고 있긴 하나, 대부분 방제효과가 미약하거나 효과가 극히 제한적이고, 가격이 너무 고가여서 경제성이 떨어지는 폐단을 갖는 것이다Various studies to replace the conventional chemical pesticides have been extracted to the natural pesticidal composition of the domestic patent application No. 10-2001-0062300 and the vegetable such as the domestic patent application No. 10-2001-0068134, 10-2002-0063985 Although it is actively progressing with insecticidal compositions, most of them have a weak control effect or extremely limited effect, and have a price that is too expensive to have low economic efficiency.
이처럼 본 발명은 종래 골프장에 사용되던 화학 농약의 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 안출된 것으로, 잔디에 해를 끼치는 해충과 세균만 방제할 수 있도록 하되 인체에는 전혀 해가 없고 잔류 농약 염려나 환경오염 문제 등을 발생할 우려가 없는 골프장 농약대체제 조성물을 제공하는 데 그 목적이 있다.As such, the present invention has been devised to solve the problems of chemical pesticides used in conventional golf courses, but only to control pests and bacteria that harm grass, but there is no harm to the human body. An object of the present invention is to provide a golf course pesticide replacement composition is not feared to occur.
본 발명을 구체적으로 설명하면 다음과 같다. The present invention will be described in detail as follows.
먼저 본 발명은 74~87중량%의 물과 11~18중량%의 식물성 유기산, 1~5중량%의 알콜, 1~3중량%의 탄닌으로 이루어지는 골프장 농약대체제 조성물을 제공하고자 함을 특징으로 한다. First, the present invention is to provide a golf course pesticide replacement composition consisting of 74 to 87% by weight of water, 11 to 18% by weight of vegetable organic acid, 1 to 5% by weight of alcohol, 1 to 3% by weight of tannin. .
또한 본 발명은 상기 조성물과 액상(液狀)의 피톤치드를 95:5~97:3의 비율로 혼합되도록 하는 골프장 농약대체제 조성물을 제공하고자 함을 특징으로 한다.In another aspect, the present invention is to provide a golf course pesticide replacement composition for mixing the composition and the liquid phytoncide in a ratio of 95: 5 ~ 97: 3.
유기산에는 아세트산·부티르산·팔미트산·옥살산·타르타르산 등이 있으며, 아스코르브산이나 요산(尿酸:uric acid)을 비롯하여 카르복시산이 아닌 산성물질도 상당히 많이 있으며, 널리 술폰산·술핀산·페놀 등도 포함하여 말하는 경우가 많다. 본 발명에서 사용되는 유기산은 식물성이 사용되며, 특히 목재를 탄화시키거나 건류시키는 과정 중에서 얻을 수 있는 것이다.Organic acids include acetic acid, butyric acid, palmitic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, and many other non-carboxylic acids, including ascorbic acid and uric acid. There are many cases. The organic acid used in the present invention is used in vegetable origin, and in particular, can be obtained in the process of carbonizing or carbonizing wood.
다양한 성분의 식물성 유기산으로 살균효과 및 살충효과를 실험해 본 결과 대나무를 건류(乾溜)시키는 과정에서 발생하는 식물성 유기산이 가장 효과가 탁월하였다. As a result of experiments on bactericidal and insecticidal effects with vegetable organic acids of various components, vegetable organic acids generated during the drying of bamboo were the most effective.
상기 식물성 유기산의 경우 약산성을 띠고 있어 부패를 막고 냄새를 없애기도 하며, 특히 아세트산의 경우 살균능력이 있어 잔디가 세균들에 의해 손상되는 것을 막아준다. 이때 본 발명 골프장 농약대체제 조성물에 함유되는 식물성 유기산의 중량%는 11~18중량%가 바람직한데, 이는 11중량% 이하일 경우에는 살균효과가 떨어지고 18중량% 이상일 경우에는 강산성이 되어 오히려 잔디에 해가 될 수 있기 때문이다.In the case of the vegetable organic acid has a weak acidity to prevent decay and eliminate odors, especially acetic acid has a sterilizing ability to prevent the grass from being damaged by bacteria. At this time, the weight percent of the vegetable organic acid contained in the golf course pesticide replacement composition of the present invention is preferably 11 to 18% by weight, which is less than 11% by weight of the sterilization effect, if more than 18% by weight is strong acidity rather harm to the grass Because it can be.
알콜은 삼투능력이 커서 세균 표면의 막을 잘 뚫고 들어가고 이로 인해 세균 의 단백질을 응고시켜 살균하게 되는데, 본 발명 골프장 농약대체제 조성물에 함유되는 알콜의 중량%는 1~5중량%가 바람직하였다. 이는 1중량% 이하일 경우에는 살균효과가 떨어지고 5중량% 이상일 경우에는 더 이상 살균효과가 좋아지지 않아 비경제적이었다.The alcohol has a high osmotic ability to penetrate the membrane of the bacterial surface well, thereby causing the bacteria protein to coagulate and sterilize. The weight percentage of alcohol contained in the golf course pesticide replacement composition of the present invention was preferably 1 to 5% by weight. It was uneconomical because the sterilization effect was lowered at 1 wt% or less and the sterilization effect was no longer improved at 5 wt% or more.
탄닌(Tannin)은 식물계에 광범위하게 분포하는 성분군으로, 다수의 페놀성 수산기를 가지는 방향족(芳香族) 화합물의 일종이다. 탄닌은 분류법에 따라 가수분해성 탄닌 및 축합형 탄닌으로 구분하거나 알칼리 융해에 의해서 피로갈롤을 주로 생성하는 피로갈롤계와 주로 카테콜을 생성하는 카테콜계 및 그 중간체 탄닌으로 구분하기도 하는데, 가수분해성 탄닌은 묽은 산과 가열하면 가수분해되어 갈산(gallic acid) 또는 에라그산 등을 생성하며, 축합형 탄닌은 중합하여 적색 또는 갈색의 침전물인 프로바펜을 생성한다. Tannin is a group of components widely distributed in the plant system and is a kind of aromatic compound having a large number of phenolic hydroxyl groups. Tannins are classified into hydrolyzable tannins and condensed tannins according to the classification method, or pyrogallols that mainly produce pyrogallol by alkaline fusion, and catechols that mainly produce catechol and intermediate tannins. When heated with dilute acid, it is hydrolyzed to produce gallic acid or erratic acid, and condensed tannins are polymerized to produce red or brown precipitates of probafen.
본 발명에 사용되는 탄닌은 식물에서 추출한 모든 종류의 탄닌이 가능하나 대나무를 건류(乾溜)시키는 과정에서 발생하는 탄닌이 가장 바람직하다. Tannins used in the present invention can be any kind of tannins extracted from plants, but tannins generated during the drying of bamboo are most preferred.
그러나 탄닌은 다양한 식물에 널리 포함되어 있어, 상기 식물에만 국한되는 것은 아니다. 탄닌의 대표적인 화합물로는 가수분해형인 갈로탄닌(gallotannin), 엘라기탄닌(ellagitannin), 축합형인 하마멜리탄닌(hamamelitannin), 맥클러린(Maclurin) 등이 있다. 또한 식물로부터 탄닌을 추출할 경우 증류수, 알콜 또는 유기용매로 추출할 수 있으며, 탄닌의 종류에 따라 바람직한 용매를 사용할 수도 있다.However, tannins are widely included in various plants, and are not limited to these plants. Representative compounds of tannins include hydrolyzed gallotannin, ellagitannin, condensed hamamelitannin, and maclurin. In addition, when extracting tannins from plants can be extracted with distilled water, alcohol or an organic solvent, depending on the type of tannins may be used a preferred solvent.
상기 탄닌은 항균효과가 우수하며, 본 발명 골프장 농약대체제 조성물에 함 유되는 탄닌의 중량%는 1~3중량%가 바람직하다. 이는 1중량% 이하일 경우에는 살균효과가 떨어지고 3중량% 이상일 경우에는 첨가량에 비해 살균효과는 그다지 향상되지 않기 때문이다.The tannin is excellent in the antibacterial effect, the weight percent of tannin contained in the golf course pesticide replacement composition of the present invention is preferably 1-3% by weight. This is because the sterilization effect is lowered when less than 1% by weight and the sterilization effect is not much improved compared to the added amount when more than 3% by weight.
또한 본 발명 골프장 농약대체제 조성물에 첨가되는 피톤치드는 항균 작용을 하는 물질로, 원래 식물 등이 병충해로 부터 자신을 보호하기 위해서 미생물의 번식이나 생장을 억제하기 위해 발생시키는 휘발성 물질, 즉 식물의 정유(essential oil)를 의미한다. 상기 피톤치드의 구성물질은 테르펜을 비롯한 페놀 화합물, 알칼로이드 성분, 글리코시드 등이라는 것이 밝혀졌으며, 본 발명에 있어 피톤치드는 식물이 내는 항균성 물질의 총칭으로서 어느 한 물질을 가리키는 말은 아니며, 이는 모든 식물은 항균성 물질을 가지고 있고, 따라서 어떤 형태로든 피톤치드를 함유하고 있기 때문이다. In addition, the phytoncide added to the golf course pesticide replacement composition of the present invention is an antimicrobial action, a volatile substance that is originally generated by plants or the like to suppress the growth or growth of microorganisms to protect themselves from pests, that is, plant essential oils ( essential oil). The phytoncide constituents were found to be phenolic compounds including terpenes, alkaloids, glycosides, etc. In the present invention, phytoncide is a generic term for antimicrobial substances produced by plants, and does not refer to any one substance. It has an antimicrobial substance and therefore contains phytoncide in some form.
본 발명에서 사용되는 피톤 치드 원액은 소나무, 잣나무, 편백 및 화백으로 이루어진 침엽수 군에서 선택된 적어도 1 종으로부터 얻어진 피톤치드 원액을 사용할 수도 있으며, 라벤다 오일, 오렌지오일, 허브오일, 라벤다 오일, 코코넛오일, 올리브오일, 아마인유 등을 사용할 수도 있다. 그러나 본 발명에서는 송진을 계면활성시켜 수용성화한, 즉 테레빈유 함유 수용성 송진을 사용하였으며, 송진의 경우 산출량이 많아 저렴하고 가격대비 성능이 우수해 가장 바람직하기 때문이다.The phytoncide stock solution used in the present invention may use a phytoncide stock solution obtained from at least one member selected from the group of conifers consisting of pine, pine, cypress and white, lavender oil, orange oil, herbal oil, lavender oil, coconut oil, olive oil. Oil, linseed oil, etc. can also be used. In the present invention, however, rosin was water-soluble by using surfactant, that is, turpentine-containing water-soluble rosin was used.
상기와 같은 피톤치드의 각종 항균, 소취 효과는 이미 잘 알려져 있으며, 충북대 동물의학연구소가 2003년 4월 각종 균에 대한 편백정유의 살균력을 시중 약물(항생제, 항진균제)의 살균력과 비교할 수 있도록 배양된 균이 있는 배지에 약물 과 편백정유를 각각 처치한 뒤, 살균의 범위를 나타내는 원형 환의 크기를 비교한 결과 편백정유를 5%의 농도로 희석하여 실험한 경우, 대부분의 균에 대해 일반 항생제에 버금가는 효과가 있고, 레지오넬라균에 대해서는 살균효과가 항생제보다 오히려 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. The various antibacterial and deodorizing effects of phytoncide are well known, and the culture of fungi that can be compared with the bactericidal power of commercial drugs (antibiotic, antifungal) by the Chungbuk National University Institute of Animal Medicine in April 2003 After the drug and the protein-containing essential oil were treated in the medium containing the same, the size of the circular ring representing the range of sterilization was compared, and when the protein-distilled oil was diluted to a concentration of 5%, it was comparable to the general antibiotic for most bacteria It was effective, and bactericidal effect was higher for Legionella than antibiotics.
본 발명 골프장 농약대체제 조성물에 첨가되는 피톤치드의 함유량은 농약대체제 조성물 전체 중량비 중에서 3~5%를 차지하도록 함이 바람직하다. 3중량%이하인 경우에는 살균효과가 좋지 못하고, 5중량%이상인 경우에는 비용이 높아져 경제적이지 못하기 때문이다. The content of the phytoncide added to the golf course pesticide replacement composition of the present invention is preferably to occupy 3 to 5% of the total weight ratio of the pesticide replacement composition. If less than 3% by weight, the sterilization effect is not good, if more than 5% by weight because the cost is not economical.
상기와 같은 살균성분들을 함유한 골프장 농약대체제 조성물을 제주 소재의 골프장에 2006년 4월에 살포하고 같은 해 9월까지 살펴본 결과 잔디의 질병에 관여하는 주요 병원균인 라이작토우니아(Rhizoctonia spp.)에 의한 잔디의 잎, 줄기 및 포복지 등이 고사현상이 현저히 줄어들었고, 육안관찰에 의해서도 벌레 및 곤충들의 서식량이 현저히 감소됨을 확인할 수 있었다.As a result of spraying a pesticide replacement composition containing a bactericidal ingredient on a golf course in Jeju in April 2006 and examining it until September of the same year, the major pathogens related to turf disease were Rissazotonia spp. The mortality of grass, stems, and crawls of grass was significantly reduced, and the habitat of insects and insects was significantly reduced by visual observation.
상기 내용은 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 골프장 잔디만을 예시하여 설명한 것으로, 골프장뿐만 아니라 공원 및 운동장 등 잔디가 생육하는 환경이면 어디라도 적용이 가능할 것이다. 또한 본 발명이 속하는 분야의 당업자는 첨부된 청구범위에 기재된 본 발명의 사상 및 요지로부터 벗어나지 않고 얼마든지 본 발명에 대한 수정 및 변경을 가할 수 있다는 것은 당연하다고 할 것이다.The above description has been described with reference to the preferred embodiment of the present invention only the golf course grass, it will be applicable to any environment where grass is grown, such as parks and sports grounds as well as golf courses. It will also be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be modified and changed without departing from the spirit and gist of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims.
본 발명 골프장 및 운동장, 공원 등 잔디가 생육하는 환경에 모두 적용할 수 있는 농약대체제 조성물을 제공할 수 있는 것이며, 살균효과 및 곤충 및 벌레들의 기피효과, 미생물 번식과 생장억제 효과 등에 의해 양호한 잔디상태를 유지할 수 있고 잔디가 손상되는 것을 방지할 수 있는 것이다.The present invention can provide a pesticide replacement composition that can be applied to both the golf course and the playground, the environment, such as parks, grass conditions, good grass condition by the bactericidal effect and repelling effect of insects and insects, microbial propagation and growth inhibition It can keep and keep the grass from being damaged.
또한 본 발명은 천연성분이어서 인체에는 무해하고 잔류 농약 염려나 수질 오염의 우려가 전혀 없는 매우 환경친화적인 농약을 제공할 수 있는 유용한 발명인 것이다.In addition, the present invention is a useful invention that can provide a very environmentally friendly pesticide because it is a natural ingredient, harmless to the human body, there is no concern about residual pesticides or water pollution.
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