KR100508854B1 - Manufacturing method for ceramic - Google Patents
Manufacturing method for ceramic Download PDFInfo
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- KR100508854B1 KR100508854B1 KR10-2002-0085333A KR20020085333A KR100508854B1 KR 100508854 B1 KR100508854 B1 KR 100508854B1 KR 20020085333 A KR20020085333 A KR 20020085333A KR 100508854 B1 KR100508854 B1 KR 100508854B1
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- molded body
- coating layer
- manufacturing
- desired shape
- porcelain
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 47
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 abstract description 23
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 12
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract description 6
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052571 earthenware Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015895 biscuits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005467 ceramic manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052956 cinnabar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 which is a flux Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/24—Manufacture of porcelain or white ware
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5024—Silicates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
Abstract
본 발명은 도자기의 제조방법에 관한 것으로, 특히 소지(素地)로 이루어진 도자기 성형체에 해교제를 바른 후 원하는 형상으로 확장·성형시키면 해교제를 바른 부분의 점성이 작아져 해교제를 바르지 않은 부분은 매끈하게 되고, 해교제를 바른 부분은 균열(crack)이 생기게 되므로 새로운 미감의 도자기 제품을 제공할 수 있다.The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing porcelain, in particular, after applying a peptizing agent to a porcelain molded body made of a base (확장 地) and then expanded and molded into a desired shape, the viscosity of the part applied with the peptizing agent becomes small, and the part not applying the peptizer is The smoothing and peptizing will result in cracks, which can provide new aesthetic ceramic products.
본 발명에 따른 도자기 제조방법은 점토, 융제인 장석 및 내구재인 규석과 같은 재료가 혼합된 소지(素地)를 토련하여 원하는 형상 보다 작은 형상으로 만드는 1차 성형단계; 상기 1차 성형단계를 거친 성형체를 확장시켜 원하는 형상으로 만드는 2차 성형단계; 및 상기 2차 성형체를 굽는 소성단계를 포함하여 이루어지는 도자기의 제조방법에 있어서, 상기 1차 성형체 일면에 해교제인 규산소다를 바르는 도포단계를 포함하여 이루어진다.Pottery manufacturing method according to the present invention is a primary molding step to make a shape smaller than the desired shape by drilling the base (혼합 地) mixed with materials such as clay, flux feldspar and durable quartz; A secondary molding step of expanding the molded body having undergone the primary molding step to a desired shape; And a firing step of baking the secondary molded body, the method comprising applying a soda silicate as a peptizing agent to one surface of the primary molded body.
이러한 본 발명의 제조방법은 소지(素地)로 이루어진 도자기 성형체에 해교제를 도포하여 도포층과 비(非)도포층의 점성을 다르게 하고, 원하는 형상으로 도자기를 확장시키면 비도포층은 매끈하게 형성되고 도포층은 갈라져 균열(crack)이 형성되므로 새로운 시각적·촉각적 미감을 갖는 도자기 제품을 제공할 수 있다.The manufacturing method of the present invention is applied to the porcelain molded body made of a base (다르게 地) by applying a peptizing agent to vary the viscosity of the coating layer and the non-coating layer, and when the porcelain is expanded to the desired shape, the non-coating layer is formed smoothly And the coating layer is cracked to form a ceramic product having a new visual and tactile aesthetic.
Description
본 발명은 도자기의 제조방법에 관한 것으로, 특히 소지(素地)로 이루어진 도자기 성형체에 해교제를 바른 후 원하는 형상으로 확장·성형시키면 해교제를 바른 부분의 점성이 작아져 해교제를 바르지 않은 부분은 매끈하게 되고, 해교제를 바른 부분은 균열(crack)이 생기게 되므로 새로운 미감의 도자기 제품을 제공할 수 있다.The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing porcelain, in particular, after applying a peptizing agent to a porcelain molded body made of a base (확장 地) and then expanded and molded into a desired shape, the viscosity of the part applied with the peptizing agent becomes small, and the part not applying the peptizer is The smoothing and peptizing will result in cracks, which can provide new aesthetic ceramic products.
일반적으로 도자기는 점토의 종류, 성형과정, 소성과정 및 소성온도, 유약의 종류 또는 장식기법, 산지명칭, 용도 등에 의하여 다양하게 분류될 수 있다. 청자, 백자, 옹기, 골회자기 등과 같이 점토의 성분과 소성결과에 의한 분류가 있으며(이는 또한 자기의 발달사와도 관련이 있다), 유약이나 장식방법에 의한 분류로써 화금청자, 청화백자, 천목, 진사, 철화 등의 명칭이 있다.In general, ceramics can be classified into various types according to the type of clay, the molding process, the firing process and the firing temperature, the type of glaze or decorative technique, the name of the place, the use. There are classifications based on the composition of clay and firing results, such as celadon, white porcelain, pottery, and bone pottery (which are also related to their developmental history), and they are classified by glaze or decorative method. There are names such as cinnabar and iron coin.
그리고 소성온도에 의하여 연질자기, 경질자기 등으로 분류할 수 있으며 소성방법에 의하여 식염소성, 락쿠, 노천소성, 장작가마소성 등의 명칭이 붙어서 불리기도 하며, 용도에 따라서는 식기, 위생도기, 타일 등의 산업도자기와 애자, 전자부품, 화학용기 등의 공업도자기로 구분되기도 한다.It can be classified into soft magnetic and hard magnetic according to the firing temperature, and it is also called by calcination method such as chlorine, lacquer, open-air firing, firewood burning, etc. It is also classified into industrial ceramics such as ceramic ceramics and insulators, electronic components, and chemical containers.
이와 같이 분류되는 도자기의 제조과정은 일반적으로 다음과 같다.The manufacturing process of ceramics classified as above is as follows.
1. 도토(陶土)1. Toto
도자기의 원료인 규석, 장석, 고령토, 가소성점토 등을 조합 및 분쇄하고 토련하여 원통형으로 말아 습기가 스며들지 않도록 비닐에 싸서 운반·보관한다. Silicate, feldspar, kaolin, and plastic clay, which are the raw materials of ceramics, are combined, crushed and refined to be rolled into a cylindrical shape and wrapped and stored in vinyl to prevent moisture.
2. 성형(成形)2. Molding
성형에는 여러 방법이 있으나 물레를 이용하여 손으로 성형하는 물레성형과 석고틀을 이용하여 성형하는 석고형 성형 방법이 대표적이다.There are many methods for molding, but the spinning wheel molding by hand using a spinning wheel and the plaster molding method using a plaster mold are typical.
3. 1차 소성(燒成)(겉구이, 초벌구이) 3. First Baking (Baking, First Roast)
일반적으로 BK(biscuit fire)소성 또는 소소 소성이라고도 하며, 800-900℃ 정도까지 소성을 한다. In general, also known as BK (biscuit fire) firing or firing, firing up to about 800-900 ℃.
4. 시문(施紋)4. Poetry
시문에는 다음과 같은 3가지 방법이 있다.There are three ways of reading.
첫째 하회(下繪, under glaze)시문으로 시유(施釉)하기 전에 BK된 제품에 그림을 그려 넣거나(핸드페인팅 작업), 하회 전사지를 부착한다.First, draw a picture on the BK product (handpainting) or attach the lower transfer paper before oiling with the under glaze.
둘째 중회(中繪, inglaze)시문으로 생유약 위에 전사지를 부착하여 소성시 문양이 유약안으로 스며들게 한다.Secondly, inglaze, the transfer paper is attached on the live glaze so that the pattern can be soaked into the glaze during firing.
셋째 상회(上繪, overglaze)시문은 본소성이 끝난 제품(무지)에 상회 전사지를 부착하여 전기가마(상회소성)에 750℃~850℃에 굽는 방법이다.Third, the overglaze test is a method of attaching an upper transfer paper to a finished product (blank) and baking it at 750 ° C to 850 ° C in an electric kiln.
쉽게 표현하자면 하회는 유약 밑에서 우러나는 느낌을 갖으며 중회는 유약 안에 스며들어가 있으며 상회는 유약의 표면 위에서 문양이 나타난다.To put it simply, Hahoe has a feeling of rising under the glaze, the middle is soaked in the glaze, and the upper has a pattern on the surface of the glaze.
5. 시유(施釉)5. Seeu
1차 소성한 제품에 유약을 입히는 과정이다. 경우에 따라 1차 소성하기 전에 제품을 완전히 자연 건조시켜 시유하는 경우도 있다.It is the process of glazing the first fired product. In some cases, the product may be dried completely and milked before first firing.
6. 본소성(本燒成)(본구이, 재벌구이) 6. Main fire (main roast, chaebol roast)
시유를 거친 제품을 열판(붕판) 또는 갑발에 넣어 적재를 하여 1250~1300℃에 소성하는 공정이다.It is a process to put the product which has been oiled into a hot plate (board plate) or crab and load it at 1250 ~ 1300 ℃.
이상과 같은 종래의 도자기 제조방법에서 일정 형상의 도자기 외형을 다채롭게 하는 방법은 상기 시문과정, 각종 유약의 특성을 이용하는 시유과정, 그리고 조각기법, 상감기법, 이장기법, 압문기법, 부조기법 및 회화기법과 같은 장식과정을 통하여 얻는 방식에 머물렀다. In the conventional ceramics manufacturing method as described above, a method of making a variety of shapes of ceramics in a certain shape is the poetic process, the oiling process using the characteristics of various glazes, and the carving technique, inlay technique, limb technique, bite technique, relief technique and painting technique. It stayed in the way of getting through the decoration process.
본 발명은 이에 더 나아가 새로운 도자기 장식기법을 도입하여 다채로운 도자기 생산의 새지평을 열고자 한다.The present invention further intends to open a new horizon for the production of colorful ceramics by introducing a new ceramic decorative technique.
본 발명은 상기와 같은 종래의 도자기 제조공정 중 성형공정과 관련이 깊은 것으로, 소지(素地)로 이루어진 도자기 성형체에 해교제를 도포하여 도포층과 비(非)도포층의 점성을 다르게 하고, 원하는 형상으로 도자기를 확장시키면 비도포층은 매끈하게 형성되고 도포층은 갈라져 균열(crack)이 형성되므로 새로운 미감의 도자기를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다.The present invention is deeply related to the molding process of the conventional ceramics manufacturing process as described above, by applying a peptizing agent to a ceramics molded body made of a base material to vary the viscosity of the coating layer and non-coating layer, When the porcelain is expanded to a shape, an uncoated layer is smoothly formed, and the coating layer is cracked to form a crack, and thus an object of the present invention is to provide a new aesthetic porcelain.
또한 이러한 도자기 제조방법을 통하여 새로운 미감의 용기는 물론, 일정 장식품, 실용 타일 등을 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다. It is also an object of the present invention to provide a new aesthetic container, as well as a certain ornament, practical tiles through the ceramic manufacturing method.
상기와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 발명에 따른 도자기 제조방법은 점토, 융제인 장석 및 내구재인 규석과 같은 재료가 혼합된 소지(素地)를 토련하여 원하는 형상 보다 작은 형상으로 만드는 1차 성형단계; 상기 1차 성형단계를 거친 성형체를 확장시켜 원하는 형상으로 만드는 2차 성형단계; 및 상기 2차 성형체를 굽는 소성단계를 포함하여 이루어지는 도자기의 제조방법에 있어서, 상기 1차 성형체 일면에 해교제인 규산소다를 바르는 도포단계를 포함하여 이루어진다.In order to achieve the above object, a method of manufacturing ceramics according to the present invention comprises: a primary molding step of making a smaller shape than a desired shape by refining a mixture of materials such as clay, flux feldspar, and durable quartz; A secondary molding step of expanding the molded body having undergone the primary molding step to a desired shape; And a firing step of baking the secondary molded body, the method comprising applying a soda silicate as a peptizing agent to one surface of the primary molded body.
이하 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 본 발명의 도자기 제조방법을 상세히 설명하도록 한다.Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing ceramics of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
먼저 상기 1차 성형단계는 점토, 융제인 장석 및 내구재인 규석과 같은 재료가 혼합된 소지(素地)를 토련하여 원하는 형상 보다 작은 형상으로 만드는 방식으로 이루어진다.First, the primary molding step is made in such a way as to make a shape smaller than a desired shape by drilling a mixture of materials such as clay, flux feldspar and durable quartz.
상기 소지는 태토(胎土, 순수한 찰흙을 뜻하며 물을 혼합하면 빚어지는 가소성(可塑性)과 불에 구우면 고화성(固化性)을 지니고 있다)를 정제·혼합하여 얻어진다. 태토는 점토(clay), 고령토(kaolin), 납석(pyrophylite), 도석 (pottery stone), 장석(feldspar), 규석(quartz)류 등이 있으며, 도자기에 사용되는 소지(素地)의 기본형태는 일반적으로 50% 이상의 점토광이고, 융제인 장석과 뼈대 역할을 하는 내구재인 규석이 다량 혼합되어 사용된다. 도자기의 소지는 용도에 따라 광물 조합비가 다르며 최종적인 목적은 사용원료가 소지 속에 균일하게 분포되고 성형에 필요한 수분에 따른 가공성을 부여하도록 분산되어 있어야 한다. The body is obtained by refining and mixing tato (胎 土, which means pure clay and having plasticity when mixed with water and solidification when baked). The clay is made of clay, kaolin, pyrophylite, pottery stone, feldspar, quartz, etc. The basic form of the base used in ceramics is generally As more than 50% of clay ore is used, a large amount of feldspar, which is a flux, and quartz, which is a durable material serving as a skeleton, are mixed. The possession of ceramics varies according to the use of mineral combinations, and the final purpose should be to distribute the raw materials uniformly in the substrate and to give the processability according to the moisture required for molding.
상기 1차 성형단계는 그 이전의 종래 도자기 제조방법 중 ①도토(陶土)(불에 강한 백토와 점토, 도석 등)채취, ②원료 분쇄 및 혼합, ③토련(土練)(흙주무르기) 과정이 생략된 것이나, 이는 당업자에게는 당연한 것이다.The first molding step is the process of ① clay (() and clay, clay, etc.), ② crushing and mixing the raw materials, ③ grind (dirt) of the prior art ceramic manufacturing method Although omitted, this is obvious to those skilled in the art.
상기 1차 성형체의 형상은 원하는 최종 도자기의 형태와 제조방법에 따라 틀리다. 만약 성형틀을 이용하는 방법이라면 일정한 판상으로 형성될 것이고, 도 1에 도시된 바와 같이 물레(일명 '녹로')를 사용하는 방법이라면 대칭형으로 형성될 것이다. 또한 종래의 주입 성형법, 수타 성형, 물레 성형, 프레스 성형, 로울러 머신 성형, 압출성형 등이 적절한 최종 도자기 형태에 따라 사용될 수 있다. The shape of the primary molded body is different depending on the shape of the final ceramics desired and the manufacturing method. If it is a method using a molding frame will be formed in a predetermined plate shape, as shown in Figure 1 if using a spinning wheel (also known as 'potter') will be formed symmetrically. In addition, conventional injection molding, handmade molding, spinning wheel molding, press molding, roller machine molding, extrusion molding, and the like may be used depending on the appropriate final ceramic form.
이러한 방법들은 이후의 2차 성형단계에 역시 사용될 수 있다.These methods can also be used in subsequent secondary molding steps.
다음으로 도포단계는 상기 1차 성형체 일면에 해교제(解膠劑, deflocculant)를 바르는 것이다.Next, the application step is to apply a peptizer (deflocculant) to one surface of the primary molded body.
해교제는 현탁액 중에 입자를 분산시켜서 현탁액의 점도를 저하시키는 첨가제로서, 반대 작용을 하는 약품을 응교제(flocculant)라 한다. 해교제에는 유기 또는 무기 해교제가 있는데 규산소다나 탄산소다와 같은 유기해교제를 사용하는 것이 좋다. 사용양은 0.3에서 0.8퍼센트의 것을 사용하고 골회를 용제로 사용한 자기에는 탄산소다보다도 해교가 잘되는 규산소다를 사용하는 것이 좋다. Peptides are additives that disperse particles in a suspension to lower the viscosity of the suspension, and the counteracting drug is called a flocculant. The peptizers are organic or inorganic peptizers. It is recommended to use organic peptizers such as sodium silicate or sodium carbonate. It is better to use 0.3 to 0.8 percent of the amount used, and for the porcelain which used bone ash as a solvent, it is better to use sodium silicate which is better peptized than sodium carbonate.
이러한 해교제는 스프레이, 붓칠, 담금법 등을 이용하여 도포되고, 이를 통하여 소지의 점성을 낮출 수 있다.Such peptizing agent is applied using a spray, brushing, immersion method, etc., thereby lowering the viscosity of the body.
2차 성형단계는 상기 도포단계를 거친 성형체를 확장시켜 원하는 형상으로 만드는 것이다.The secondary molding step is to expand the molded body subjected to the application step to make a desired shape.
해교제 도포층은 비(非)도포층에 비하여 점성이 낮으므로, 비도포층 면적 확장 속도를 도포층이 따라가지 못하여 도포층에 균열(crack)이 생기게 된다.Since the peptizer coating layer is less viscous than the non-coating layer, the coating layer cannot keep up with the non-coating layer area expansion rate, causing cracks in the coating layer.
해교제 도포층은 비도포층의 일면 또는 양면에 위치할 수 있는데, 이는 최종 성형 도자기의 목적에 따라 다르다. 예를 들어 용기로 사용될 것이라면 용기의 내면에는 비도포층이, 외면에는 비도포층이 위치하여 외면에 균열이 가도록 하는 방식이 적합할 것이다. 이는 타일용 자기의 경우에도 마찬가지일 것이다. 그러나 일정한 장식품의 경우에는 내면에 도포층이 위치하거나 내외면 모두에 도포층이 위치하는 것이 적합할 수도 있다.Peeling agent coating layer may be located on one side or both sides of the non-coating layer, depending on the purpose of the final molding ceramics. For example, if it is to be used as a container, a non-coating layer is placed on the inner surface of the container and a non-coating layer is located on the outer surface so that a crack may be applied to the outer surface. The same will be true of porcelain for tiles. However, in the case of a certain ornament it may be suitable that the coating layer is located on the inner surface or the coating layer on both the inner and outer surfaces.
마지막으로 소성단계는 성형된 완성품을 굽는 단계이다.Finally, the firing step is to bake the molded finished product.
소성단계는 일반적인 도자기의 제조공정인 초벌구이, 시유 및 재벌구이로 이루어질 수 있다.The firing step may be composed of a first-time roasting, seeyu and chaebol roasting process of the general ceramics.
소성은 소지의 성상뿐 아니라 사용하는 연료, 온도, 외기의 압력, 연소 분위기 등에 따라서 미묘한 반응을 나타내므로, 고도의 기술을 요하는 공정이기도 하다. 사용되는 가마는 소형 가스가마 또는 전통 장작가마나 다품종 소량 생산에 알맞은 셔틀가마와 양산을 목적으로 하는 터널 가마가 있으며, 특히 터널가마는 생산량과 제품 안정성이라는 두 가지 면을 충족시킬 수 있다.Firing is a process that requires a high level of skill because it exhibits subtle reactions depending on not only the properties of the base but also the fuel used, temperature, pressure of the outside air, combustion atmosphere, and the like. The kilns used are either small gas kilns, traditional firewood kilns or shuttle kilns suitable for the production of small quantities of various varieties, and tunnel kilns for mass production. In particular, the kilns can satisfy both aspects of production and product stability.
상기 태토가 도기 또는 자기용 소지토일 경우, 상기 소성단계의 온도는 초벌 900℃ 정도, 재벌 1200℃∼1300℃ 정도이다.When the clay is earthenware or porcelain for earthenware, the firing step may have a temperature of about 900 ° C. and about 1200 ° C. to 1300 ° C. of the conglomerate.
시유(施釉)공정은 담금법(dipping method), 흘림법(pouring method), 분무법(spraying method), 도장법(brushing method), 진동법(sifting method), 체적법(dusting method), 휘발법(volatilization method) 등이 있는데, 필요에 따라 적절한 방법을 사용하면 된다.Seeding process is dipping method, pouring method, spraying method, painting method, brushing method, shaking method, dusting method, volatilization method ), And the appropriate method may be used if necessary.
또한 앞서 설명한 바와 같이 도자기에는 상회, 중회, 하회와 같은 시문단계를 통하여 일정한 문양이나 그림이 그려질 수 있다. 이에 덧붙여 조각기법, 상감기법, 이장기법, 압문기법, 부조기법, 회화기법 등의 장식공정이 부가될 수도 있다.In addition, as described above, ceramics may be drawn with a certain pattern or picture through poetry stages such as upper, middle, and lower. In addition to this, a decorative process such as engraving technique, inlay technique, double sheet technique, bite technique, relief technique, and painting technique may be added.
이러한 소성단계 전에는 필요에 따라 수분을 95% 이상 건조(자연건조일 경우에는 통상 1∼2주일 소요)시키는 건조단계를 거칠 수 있다.Before this firing step may be subjected to a drying step of drying more than 95% of the moisture (usually 1 to 2 weeks in the case of natural drying) if necessary.
도 1에는 물레를 이용하는 대칭형 도자기 제조공정이 도시되어 있다. 먼저 원하는 형상보다 작은 1차 성형체(11a)를 만들고, 그 외면에 해교제(11b)를 도포한다(S11). 해교제층(11b)으로 인하여 소지의 점도가 낮아지면, 물레가 회전함에 따라 한 손으로 내면에 압력을 가하면(직선 화살표) 비도포층(13a)은 확장되고, 도포층(23b)은 확장되면서 균열된다(S13). 이에 따른 완성품은 매끈한 내면(25a)과 균열(C)이 형성된 외면(25b)을 갖는 대칭형 항아리가 완성된다(S15). Figure 1 shows a symmetrical ceramic manufacturing process using a spinning wheel. First, the primary molded body 11a smaller than the desired shape is made, and the peptizing agent 11b is apply | coated to the outer surface (S11). When the viscosity of the substrate is lowered due to the peptizing agent layer 11b, when the pressure is applied to the inner surface with one hand as the spinning wheel is rotated (straight arrow), the uncoated layer 13a expands and the coating layer 23b expands and cracks. (S13). Accordingly, the finished product is completed with a symmetrical jar having a smooth inner surface 25a and an outer surface 25b in which a crack C is formed (S15).
이상에서 설명한 바와 같이 본 발명에 따른 도자기의 제조방법은 소지(素地)로 이루어진 도자기 성형체에 해교제를 도포하여 도포층과 비(非)도포층의 점성을 다르게 하고, 원하는 형상으로 도자기를 확장시키면 비도포층은 매끈하게 형성되고 도포층은 갈라져 균열(crack)이 형성되므로 새로운 시각적·촉각적 미감을 갖는 도자기 제품을 제공할 수 있다.As described above, in the method of manufacturing ceramics according to the present invention, by applying a peptizing agent to a ceramic molded body made of a base material, the viscosity of the coating layer and the non-coating layer is different, and the ceramics are expanded to a desired shape. Since the uncoated layer is smoothly formed and the coating layer is cracked to form a crack, a ceramic product having a new visual and tactile aesthetic can be provided.
이러한 본 발명의 도자기 제조방법에서 적절한 해교제 도포층-비도포층의 조합을 통하여 목적에 따라 실용용기, 장식품 또는 타일과 같은 실용제품 등 다양한 제품을 얻을 수 있다. According to the purpose of the ceramics manufacturing method of the present invention through a combination of a suitable anti-corrosive coating layer-a non-coating layer can be obtained a variety of products, such as a practical product such as a practical container, ornaments or tiles.
이상에서 설명한 본 발명의 도자기 제조방법에서 도자기와 관련된 통상의 공지된 기술은 생략되어 있으나, 당업자라면 이를 추측·추론할 수 있다. In the method of manufacturing ceramics according to the present invention described above, a conventionally known technique related to ceramics is omitted, but those skilled in the art can infer and infer this.
또한 각 제조단계를 제한적인 연관 관계속에서 설명하였으나, 이러한 제조공정들은 당업자에 의하여 다양하게 변형·조합으로 실시될 수 있으며, 이 경우 이러한 변형·조합들은 본 발명의 사상에 따른 것으로 이해되어야 하며, 따라서 본 발명의 범위에 속하는 것으로 해석되어야 한다. In addition, although each manufacturing step has been described in a limited relationship, these manufacturing processes can be carried out in various modifications and combinations by those skilled in the art, in which case such modifications and combinations should be understood as being in accordance with the spirit of the present invention, Therefore, it should be interpreted as falling within the scope of the present invention.
도 1은 본 발명에 따른 도자기 제조방법 중 물레를 이용한 방법을 나타낸 개략적인 공정도이다.Figure 1 is a schematic process diagram showing a method using a spinning wheel of the ceramic manufacturing method according to the present invention.
<도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명><Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings>
11a,13a,15a: 1차 성형체 11b,13b,15b: 해교제 도포충11a, 13a, 15a: primary molded body 11b, 13b, 15b: peptizing agent coating
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| KR101292118B1 (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2013-08-08 | 고려애자공업주식회사 | The method and the apparatus of glazing to insulator |
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| KR102066883B1 (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2020-01-16 | 김상곤 | Firing Method to Prevent Colored Pattern on Surface of Ceramics |
| KR102675014B1 (en) * | 2023-03-17 | 2024-06-12 | 강경훈 | Pottery manufacturing method using the slit technique |
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| KR101291997B1 (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2013-08-01 | 고려애자공업주식회사 | The manufacturing method of insulator |
| KR101292118B1 (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2013-08-08 | 고려애자공업주식회사 | The method and the apparatus of glazing to insulator |
| KR20190086974A (en) | 2018-01-15 | 2019-07-24 | 이은석 | Method of making buncheong celadon |
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