KR100449972B1 - Double effect model absorbtion type refrigerator - Google Patents
Double effect model absorbtion type refrigerator Download PDFInfo
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- KR100449972B1 KR100449972B1 KR10-2002-0056621A KR20020056621A KR100449972B1 KR 100449972 B1 KR100449972 B1 KR 100449972B1 KR 20020056621 A KR20020056621 A KR 20020056621A KR 100449972 B1 KR100449972 B1 KR 100449972B1
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- liquid
- heat exchanger
- low temperature
- temperature regenerator
- absorbent liquid
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 abstract description 49
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 37
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 64
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 64
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
Abstract
본 발명은 이중 효용형 흡수식 냉동기에 관한 것이며, 상세하게는 리튬 브로마이드 수용액을 흡수액으로, 물을 냉매로 사용하는 이중 효용형 직렬 흡수식 냉동기의 정전시 결정방지구조에 관한 것으로서, 정전시에 결정을 간편하게 사전에 방지할 수 있도록 한 것이다.The present invention relates to a dual-efficiency absorption chiller, and more particularly, to a crystal structure of the dual-effect tandem absorption chiller using water as a refrigerant and a lithium bromide aqueous solution as a refrigerant. It is to prevent in advance.
본 발명은 고온 재생기(1), 기액분리기(2), 저온 재생기(3), 응축기(4), 증발기(5), 흡수기(6) 및 고·저온 열교환기(7)(8)를 구비한 직렬 흡수식 냉동기에 있어서, 상기한 고·저온 열교환기(7)(8)의 쉘(170)(180)과 헤더실(173)(183)을 연결관(174)(184)으로 연결하고, 상기 연결관(174)(184)에 정전시 개방되는 체크밸브(175)(185)를 설치한 것을 특징으로 한다.The present invention comprises a high temperature regenerator (1), a gas-liquid separator (2), a low temperature regenerator (3), a condenser (4), an evaporator (5), an absorber (6) and a high and low temperature heat exchanger (7) (8). In the series absorption chiller, the shells 170 and 180 and the header chambers 173 and 183 of the high and low temperature heat exchanger 7 and 8 are connected to each other by a connecting pipe 174 and 184. It is characterized in that the check valve 175, 185 is installed in the connection pipe (174, 184) is opened when the power failure.
Description
본 발명은 이중 효용형 흡수식 냉동기에 관한 것이며, 상세하게는 리튬 브로마이드 수용액을 흡수액으로, 물을 냉매로 사용하는 이중 효용형 직렬 흡수식 냉동기의 운전중지시 및 정전시 결정방지구조에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a dual-effect absorption chiller, and more particularly, to a crystal prevention structure at the time of operation stoppage and power failure of a dual-effect series absorption refrigerator using a lithium bromide aqueous solution as an absorption liquid and water as a refrigerant.
주지하는 바와 같이 이중 효용형 직렬 흡수식 냉동기는 30 ~ 100 미냉동톤용량의 것을 패키지화 한 것으로서, 설치면적의 축소, 현장공사의 대폭감소에 의한 공기단축, 공장생산에 의한 제품 균질화, 옥상 설치가능, 기계실이 필요하지 않음으로 자동운전이 가능한 점등의 장점이 있음으로 그 수요가 확대추세에 있다.As is well known, the dual-efficiency series absorption chiller is packaged in a capacity of 30 ~ 100 unfrozen tons, which can reduce the installation area, shorten the air by drastically reducing the construction work, homogenize the product by factory production, and install the rooftop. There is an advantage of the lighting that can be operated automatically because the machine room is not needed, and the demand is increasing.
도 3은 종래의 전형적인 이중 효용형 직렬 흡수식 냉동기의 계통도로서, 1은 고온 재생기, 2는 기액분리기, 3은 저온 재생기, 4는 응축기, 5는 증발기, 6은 흡수기, 7은 고온 열교환기, 8은 저온 열교환기이고, 상기 저온 재생기(3), 응축기(4), 증발기(5) 및 흡수기(6)는 동일한 쉘 내에 일체화 한 것이다.3 is a schematic diagram of a conventional typical dual-effect tandem absorption chiller, in which 1 is a high temperature regenerator, 2 is a gas-liquid separator, 3 is a low temperature regenerator, 4 is a condenser, 5 is an evaporator, 6 is an absorber, 7 is a high temperature heat exchanger, 8 Is a low temperature heat exchanger, and the low temperature regenerator 3, the condenser 4, the evaporator 5 and the absorber 6 are integrated in the same shell.
상기한 고온 재생기(1)는 가스버너 등의 가열원에 의하여 그 내부에 수용된 흡수액과 냉매를 가열하여 양액관(9)을 통하여 기액분리기(2)에 기포 펌프작용으로 토출하는 것이다.The high temperature regenerator (1) heats the absorbent liquid and the refrigerant contained therein by a heating source such as a gas burner and discharges the bubbles to the gas-liquid separator (2) through the nutrient solution pipe (9).
상기한 저온 재생기(3)는 내부에 전열관(10)을 설치하여 그 입구는 기액분리기(2)에 연결한 냉매증기 도관(11)에, 출구는 응축기(4)에 연결하여서 상기 전열관(10)에 기액분리기(2)에서 분리된 냉매증기를 열원으로 공급하여 저온 재생기(3) 내의 중간농도의 흡수액에서 냉매증기를 증발시키면서 냉각되어 냉매액으로 된 후 상기 냉매증기와 함께 응축기(4)에 유입되는 것이다.The low temperature regenerator (3) is provided with a heat pipe (10) inside the inlet is connected to the refrigerant vapor conduit (11) connected to the gas-liquid separator (2), the outlet is connected to the condenser (4) to the heat pipe (10) The refrigerant vapor separated from the gas-liquid separator (2) is supplied to the heat source, cooled by evaporating the refrigerant vapor from the medium concentration of the absorption liquid in the low temperature regenerator (3) to form a refrigerant liquid, and then flows into the condenser (4) with the refrigerant vapor. Will be.
상기한 응축기(4)는 내부에 냉각수관(12)을 설치하여 도시하지 않은 냉각탑에서 냉각수를 공급함으로써 저온 재생기(3)에서 증발되는 냉매증기를 응축시켜 냉매액을 생성하는 것이다.The condenser 4 is provided with a cooling water pipe 12 to supply cooling water from a cooling tower (not shown) to condense the refrigerant vapor evaporated in the low temperature regenerator 3 to generate a refrigerant liquid.
상기한 증발기(5)는 내부에 냉·온수겸용 열교환관(5')을 설치하고 상부에 응축기(4)에 연결된 냉매액 살포관(13)을 설치하여 응축기(4)에서 생성된 냉매액을수두차에 의하여, 냉·온수겸용 열교환관(5')에 살포하는 동작을 반복함으로써 증발기(5) 내의 압력에 상당하는 온도에서 냉매액이 증발될 때 발생되는 기화열에 의하여 냉·온수겸용 열교환관(5')에 공급되는 냉수를 냉각하여 냉방 등의 용도로 사용한다.The evaporator 5 is provided with a coolant and hot water heat exchanger tube 5 'therein, and a coolant liquid spraying pipe 13 connected to the condenser 4 at the upper portion thereof to cool the liquid generated in the condenser 4. By repeating the spraying operation on the cold / hot water heat exchanger tube 5 'by the water head difference, the heat exchanger tube for both cold and hot water is generated by the heat of vaporization generated when the refrigerant liquid is evaporated at a temperature corresponding to the pressure in the evaporator 5. The cold water supplied to (5 ') is cooled and used for cooling purposes.
상기한 흡수기(6)는 내부에 냉각수관(12')과 상부에 흡수액 살포관(14)을 설치함과 동시에 증발기(5)와 연통시키고, 증발기(5)와의 사이에 분리판(15)을 설치하여서 상기 증발기(5)에서 증발된 냉매증기는 분리판(15)에서 냉매액이 분리된 후 냉매증기만 흡수기(6)에 유입되어 흡수액 살포관(14)에서 살포되는 진한농도의 흡수액에 흡수되며, 이때 상기 진한농도의 흡수액은 냉매증기의 잠열에 의하여 온도가 상승됨으로 냉각수관(12')으로 공급되는 냉각수에 의하여 냉각시키는 것이다.The absorber 6 communicates with the evaporator 5 at the same time as installing the cooling water pipe 12 'and the absorbent liquid spray pipe 14 therein, and separating the separation plate 15 between the evaporator 5. After installation, the refrigerant vapor evaporated from the evaporator (5) is separated into the refrigerant liquid in the separator plate 15, and only the refrigerant vapor flows into the absorber (6) and is absorbed into the concentrated concentration of the absorption liquid sprayed from the absorption liquid spray pipe (14). At this time, the concentrated liquid is cooled by the cooling water supplied to the cooling water pipe 12 'as the temperature is increased by the latent heat of the refrigerant vapor.
상기한 저온 열교환기(8)는 증발기(5)의 저부와 흡수액 펌프(19') 부설 도관(19)으로 연결하여 증발기(5)에서 튜브(181)로 이송되는 저온(40℃)의 묽은농도의 흡수액을 저온 재생기(3)에서 90℃로 가열하여 도관(20)을 통하여서 이송되는 진한농도의 흡수액과 열교환시켜 1차 가열한 후 도관(21)을 경유하여 고온 열교환기(7)의 튜브(171)에 유입시키고, 상기 저온 재생기(3)에서 저온 열교환기(8)의 쉘에 공급되는 진한농도의 흡수액은 도관(22)을 경유하여 흡수액 살포관(14)에 공급하는 사이클을 반복하는 것이다.The low temperature heat exchanger (8) is connected to the bottom of the evaporator (5) and the absorbent liquid pump (19 ') laying conduit (19), and the dilute concentration of low temperature (40 ° C.) transferred from the evaporator (5) to the tube (181). Is heated to 90 ° C. in a low temperature regenerator (3), heat-exchanged with the concentrated concentration of absorbent liquid transferred through conduit (20), and firstly heated, and then the tube of hot heat exchanger (7) via conduit (21). 171, and the concentrated absorbent liquid supplied from the low temperature regenerator 3 to the shell of the low temperature heat exchanger 8 is repeated to supply the absorbent liquid spray pipe 14 via the conduit 22. .
상기한 고온 열교환기(7)는 고온 재생기(1) 및 기액분리기(2)와 흡수액 복귀관(16) 및 흡수액 공급관(17)으로 연결하여 저온 열교환기(8)에서 튜브(171)로 공급되는 묽은농도의 흡수액을 고온 재생기(1)에서 150℃로 가열된 후 기액분리기(2)에서 냉매증기와 분리되어 흡수액 공급관(17)을 통하여 공급되는 중간농도의 흡수액과 열교환시켜 2차 가열한 후 고온 재생기(1)에 복귀되도록 하고, 기액분리기(2)에서 상기 고온 열교환기(7)의 쉘에 공급된 중간농도의 흡수액은 도관(18)을 경유하여 저온 재생기(3)에 공급하는 것이다.The high temperature heat exchanger (7) is connected to the high temperature regenerator (1) and the gas-liquid separator (2), the absorbent liquid return pipe (16) and the absorbent liquid supply pipe (17), and is supplied from the low temperature heat exchanger (8) to the tube (171). The thinner absorbent liquid is heated to 150 ° C. in the high temperature regenerator (1), separated from the refrigerant vapor in the gas-liquid separator (2), and heat-exchanged with a medium concentration absorbent liquid supplied through the absorbent liquid supply pipe (17), followed by secondary heating. The intermediate liquid absorbing liquid supplied to the regenerator 1 and supplied from the gas-liquid separator 2 to the shell of the high temperature heat exchanger 7 is supplied to the low temperature regenerator 3 via the conduit 18.
또한 상기 흡수액 공급관(17)과 증발기(5) 및 흡수기(6) 사이에 설치한 분리판(15)의 하부에는 흡수액 및 냉매증기 도관(23)을 설치하고, 상기 도관(23)에 절환밸브(24)를 설치하여서 냉수 생성시는 폐쇄하고, 온수 생성시에는 개방하는 것이다.In addition, an absorbent liquid and a refrigerant vapor conduit 23 are installed at a lower part of the separator 15 provided between the absorbent liquid supply pipe 17, the evaporator 5, and the absorber 6, and a switching valve ( 24), it is closed when cold water is generated and opened when hot water is generated.
상기한 온수를 생성할 때에는 저온 재생기(3), 응축기(4) 및 흡수기(6)의 기능 및 냉각수관(12)(12')에 냉각수의 공급을 중단하고, 기액분리기(2)에 토출된 중간농도의 흡수액 및 냉매증기를 혼합상태로 증발기(5) 및 흡수기(6)의 하부에 공급하여 상기 냉매증기에 의하여 냉·온수겸용 열교환관(5')에 공급되는 냉수를 가열함으로써 온수를 생성하고, 냉·온수겸용 열교환관(5')을 흐르는 냉수와 열교환하여 응축된 냉매액은 흡수액과 함께 증발기(5)의 저부에 모인 후 흡수액 펌프(19')의 구동에 의하여 저온 및 고온 열교환기(7)(8)의 튜브(171)(181)와 흡수액 복귀관(16)을 경유하여서 고온 재생기(1)에 복귀하여 재가열되어서 상기한 사이클을 반복하는 것이다.When the hot water is produced, the functions of the low temperature regenerator 3, the condenser 4 and the absorber 6 and the supply of the cooling water to the cooling water pipes 12 and 12 'are interrupted, and the gas-liquid separator 2 is discharged. The hot water is generated by supplying the intermediate liquid absorbing liquid and the refrigerant vapor to the lower part of the evaporator 5 and the absorber 6 in a mixed state and heating the cold water supplied to the heat exchanger pipe 5 'for both cold and hot water by the refrigerant vapor. The refrigerant liquid condensed by exchanging heat with cold water flowing through the cold / hot water heat exchanger tube 5 'is collected at the bottom of the evaporator 5 together with the absorbent liquid and then driven by the absorbent liquid pump 19'. (7) It returns to the high temperature regenerator 1 via the tubes 171 (181) and the absorbent liquid return tube 16 of (8), reheats, and repeats said cycle.
미설명부호 26은 냉수공급 펌프이다.Reference numeral 26 is a cold water supply pump.
그리고 흡수액으로 사용하는 리튬 브로마이드 수용액은 그 특성상 결정을 일으키는 농도와 온도 사이에 일정한 관계가 있음으로 흡수액이 일정의 농도일 때 어느 온도 이하에서 결정을 일으키는 바, 즉 고온 재생기(1) 내의 흡수액의 농도가 63%일 때 32℃이하에서 결정을 일으키고, 흡수액이 결정되면 관로를 폐쇄함으로써 냉동기의 재운전이 불가능하기 때문에 운전중 또는 운전중지시에 흡수액의 농도를 항상 적정하게 유지하여야 한다.Lithium bromide aqueous solution used as the absorbent liquid has a certain relation between the concentration causing crystallization and the temperature due to its characteristics, which causes crystals to be crystallized at a certain temperature or less when the absorbent liquid has a constant concentration, that is, the concentration of the absorbent liquid in the high temperature regenerator 1. Is 63% or less, it is crystallized below 32 ℃, and if the absorbent liquid is determined, it is impossible to restart the refrigerator by closing the pipe.
한편 흡수액의 결정은 운전중의 경우에는 냉각수온의 저하, 응축온도의 저하, 과부하 등의 원인에 의하여 발생하고, 운전중지의 경우에는 희석운전의 부족 등의 원인에 의하여 발생하는 것이다.On the other hand, the determination of the absorbing liquid occurs when the cooling water temperature decreases, the condensation temperature decreases, or the overload occurs during the operation, and when the operation stops, the lack of the dilution operation occurs.
상기한 운전중의 결정을 방지하기 위하여서는 냉매액 펌프 토출관과 흡수액 펌프의 흡입관 사이에 사이클 가드 밸브를 설치하여 냉매액을 흡수액에 혼합하고, 결정된 후 해정시에는 고온 재생기 또는 저온 재생기와 흡수기 사이에 오버 플로관을 설치하여 냉매증기를 흡수액에 혼합하는 것이 알려졌다.In order to prevent the above-mentioned determination during operation, a cycle guard valve is installed between the refrigerant liquid pump discharge tube and the suction tube of the absorbent liquid pump to mix the refrigerant liquid with the absorbent liquid. It is known that an overflow pipe is installed in the reactor to mix refrigerant vapor with the absorbent liquid.
또한 운전중지의 경우에는 희석운전 즉 냉매액 펌프와 흡수액 펌프를 계속 구동하여 고온 재생기 내의 진한농도 또는 중간농도의 흡수액의 농도를 낮게 하여 결정을 방지하고, 정전시에는 상기 희석운전은 불가능함에 따라 결정이 발생하면 결정부위를 증기 또는 토치램프로 가열하는 방법으로 해정하고 있다.In the case of the operation stop, the dilution operation, that is, the refrigerant liquid pump and the absorbent liquid pump is continuously operated to lower the concentration of the concentrated liquid or the medium absorbed liquid in the high temperature regenerator to prevent the crystallization. When this occurs, the crystal is released by heating with a vapor or torch lamp.
그러나 상기한 냉매액 펌프가 설치되지 않은 직렬식 이중 효용형 흡수식 냉동기는 정전이 되면 상기 희석운전은 불가능하기 때문에 흡수액의 온도가 점점 낮아지면서 결정이 되며, 상기와 같이 결정이 되면 결정부위를 증기 또는 토치램프로 가열하여 해정함으로써 번잡하고, 해정이 된다하여도 가열시에 씰(seal)등이 파손되어 신속한 운전재개가 불가능한 문제점이 있는 것이다.However, since the dilution operation is impossible when the blackout type dual-effect absorption chiller is not installed with the refrigerant liquid pump, the temperature of the absorption liquid is gradually lowered and determined. It is complicated by heating with a torch lamp and unlocking it. However, even if it is released, a seal or the like is broken at the time of heating.
본 발명은 상기한 문제점을 시정하여, 정전시에 결정을 간편하게 사전에 방지할 수 있는 이중 효용형 흡수식 냉동기를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 한다.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a dual-efficiency absorption chiller capable of correcting the above-mentioned problems and easily preventing a crystal in advance in case of a power failure.
상기한 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 본 발명은 고온 재생기, 기액분리기, 저온 재생기, 응축기, 증발기, 흡수기 및 고·저온 열교환기를 구비한 직렬 흡수식 냉동기에 있어서, 상기한 고·저온 열교환기의 쉘과 헤더실을 연결관으로 연결하고, 상기 연결관에 정전시 개방되는 체크밸브를 설치한 것을 특징으로 한다.In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a shell and header of the high and low temperature heat exchanger in the series absorption chiller equipped with a high temperature regenerator, gas-liquid separator, low temperature regenerator, condenser, evaporator, absorber and high and low temperature heat exchanger. It is characterized in that the seal is connected to the connecting pipe, the check valve is installed in the connecting pipe is opened in case of power failure.
도 1은 본 발명의 실시예의 계통도.1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
도 2는 본 발명의 실시예의 요부 확대 단면도.2 is an enlarged sectional view showing main parts of an embodiment of the present invention;
도 3은 종래의 전형적인 이중 효용형 흡수식 냉동기의 계통도.3 is a system diagram of a typical double utility absorption chiller of the related art.
<도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호 설명><Description of Signs of Major Parts of Drawings>
1 : 고온 재생기 2 : 기액분리기 3 : 저온 재생기1 high temperature regenerator 2 gas-liquid separator 3 low temperature regenerator
4 : 응축기 5 : 증발기 6 : 흡수기4: condenser 5: evaporator 6: absorber
7, 8 : 고·저온 열교환기 17 : 흡수액 공급관 170, 180 : 쉘7, 8: high and low temperature heat exchanger 17: absorption liquid supply pipe 170, 180: shell
173, 183 : 헤더실 174, 184 : 연결관 175, 185 : 체크밸브173, 183: header chamber 174, 184: connector 175, 185: check valve
도 1은 본 발명의 실시에의 계통도이고, 도 2는 본 발명의 실시예의 요부 확대 단면도로서, 도 1 및 도 2에 종래의 것과 동일한 구성요소는 동일한 부호를 부여하여 개략적인 설명만 하고 구체적인 설명은 생략한다.Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main portion of the embodiment of the present invention, the same components as those in the prior art in Figs. Is omitted.
도 1에서 1은 고온 재생기이고, 2는 상기 고온 재생기(1)에 양액관(9)으로 연결한 기액분리기이며, 3은 상기 기액분리기(2)에 연결한 냉매증기 도관(11)을 연결함과 동시에 그 냉매증기 도관(11)에 연결된 전열관(10)을 설치한 저온 재생기이며, 4는 응축기이다.1 is a high temperature regenerator, 2 is a gas-liquid separator connected to the high temperature regenerator 1 with a nutrient solution tube 9, and 3 is a refrigerant vapor conduit 11 connected to the gas-liquid separator 2. At the same time, a low temperature regenerator in which the heat transfer pipe 10 connected to the refrigerant vapor conduit 11 is installed, and 4 is a condenser.
5는 증발기로서, 상기 증발기(5)는 내부에 냉·온수겸용 열교환관(5')을 설치하고 상부에 상기 응축기(4)에 연결된 냉매액 살포관(13)을 설치한 것이다.5 is an evaporator, and the evaporator 5 has a coolant / hot water heat exchanger tube 5 'installed therein and a coolant liquid spraying tube 13 connected to the condenser 4 at an upper portion thereof.
6은 흡수기로서, 상기 흡수기(6)는 내부에 냉각수관(12')과 상부에 흡수액 살포관(14)을 설치하며, 상기 냉각수관(12')은 그 출구를 응축기(4)에 설치한 냉각수관(12)에 연결한 것이다.6 is an absorber, in which the absorber 6 is provided with a cooling water pipe 12 'and an absorbent liquid spray pipe 14 at an upper portion thereof, and the cooling water pipe 12' is provided with an outlet at the condenser 4. It is connected to the cooling water pipe (12).
7은 고온 열교환기로서, 상기 고온 열교환기(7)는 고온 재생기(1) 및 기액분리기(2)와 체크밸브(16') 부설 흡수액 복귀관(16) 및 흡수액 공급관(17)으로 연결하여 후술하는 저온 열교환기(8)에서 그 튜브(171)로 공급되는 묽은농도의 흡수액을 기액분리기(2)에 연결된 흡수액 공급관(17)으로 공급되는 중간농도의 흡수액과 2차 열교환하여 가열한 후 고온 재생기(1)에 복귀되도록 하고, 묽은농도의 흡수액을 가열한 중간농도의 흡수액은 도관(18)을 경유하여 저온 재생기(3)에 공급하는 것이다.7 is a high temperature heat exchanger, and the high temperature heat exchanger 7 is connected to the high temperature regenerator 1 and the gas-liquid separator 2 by the absorbent liquid return pipe 16 and the absorbent liquid supply pipe 17 attached to the check valve 16 'and described later. The low-temperature heat-exchanger (8) to the tube 171, the low concentration of the absorbent liquid supplied to the absorbent liquid supply pipe (17) connected to the gas-liquid separator (2) is heated by secondary heat exchanger and then heated to a high temperature regenerator The medium concentration absorbent liquid, which is returned to (1) and heated with a weak concentration absorbent liquid, is supplied to the low temperature regenerator 3 via the conduit 18.
8은 저온 열교환기로서, 상기 저온 열교환기(8)는 증발기(5)의 저부와 흡수액 펌프(19') 부설 도관(19)으로 연결함과 동시에 고온 열교환기(7)와 도관(21)으로 연결하고, 저온 열교환기(8)와 저온 재생기(3)를 도관(20)으로 연결하여 튜브(181)로 증발기(5)의 저부에 모인 묽은농도의 흡수액을 경유시켜 저온 재생기(3)에서 공급되는 진한농도의 흡수액과 1차 열교환 가열시켜 고온 열교환기(7)에 공급하며, 상기 묽은농도의 흡수액을 가열한 진한농도의 흡수액은 도관(22)을 경유하여 흡수기(6)의 상부에 설치한 흡수액 살포관(14)에 공급하는 것이다.8 is a low temperature heat exchanger, the low temperature heat exchanger (8) is connected to the bottom of the evaporator (5) and the condensate (19) attached to the absorbent liquid pump (19 ') and to the high temperature heat exchanger (7) and the conduit (21). The low temperature heat exchanger (8) and the low temperature regenerator (3) to the conduit (20), and the tube (181) is supplied from the low temperature regenerator (3) via a thinner absorbent liquid collected at the bottom of the evaporator (5). The concentrated absorbent is heated to the first heat exchanger and is supplied to the high temperature heat exchanger 7, and the concentrated absorbent heated to the absorber of the diluted concentration is installed on the upper part of the absorber 6 via the conduit 22. It is supplied to the absorption liquid spraying pipe 14.
그리고 상기한 고·저온 열교환기(7)(8)는 쉘(170)(180)과 일측 헤더실(173)(183) 사이에 연결관(174)(184)을 연결하고, 상기 연결관(174)(184)에 체크밸브(175)(185)를 설치한 것인 바, 상기 체크밸브(175)(185)는 운전중 흡수액 펌프(19')의 구동시에는 헤더실(173)(183)의 압력이 쉘(170)(180)의 압력보다 크므로 폐쇄되어 고온 열교환기(7)의 경우에는 헤더실(183)을 경유하는 묽은농도의 흡수액이 쉘(170)을 경유하는 중간농도의 흡수액과 차단되고, 저온 열교환기(7)의 경우에도 헤더실(183)을 경유하는 묽은농도의 흡수액이 쉘(180)을 경유하는 진한농도의 흡수액과 차단되도록 함으로써 증발기(5)의 저부에 모인 묽은농도의 흡수액을 저온 및 고온 열교환기(8)(7)을 경유하여 고온 재생기(1)에 정상적으로 공급되도록 하고, 정전시는 흡수액 펌프(19')를 구동할 수 없음으로 고·저온 열교환기(7)(8)의 헤더실(173)(183)의 압력은 점점 낮아지고, 고온 재생기(1) 내의 중간농도의 흡수액도 흡수액 복귀관(16)에 설치한 체크밸브(16')의 폐쇄에 의하여 고온 열교환기(7) 측으로 역류하지 못하기 때문에 개방되는 것이다.And the high and low temperature heat exchanger (7) (8) connects the connecting pipes (174, 184) between the shell 170, 180 and one side header chamber (173, 183), the connecting pipe ( 174 and 184 are provided with check valves 175 and 185. The check valves 175 and 185 are provided with header chambers 173 and 183 when the absorbent liquid pump 19 'is driven during operation. Since the pressure of) is greater than the pressure of the shells 170 and 180, it is closed and, in the case of the high temperature heat exchanger 7, the dilute absorbent liquid passing through the header chamber 183 is of medium concentration passing through the shell 170. It is blocked from the absorbent liquid, and in the case of the low temperature heat exchanger 7, the concentrated absorbent liquid passing through the header chamber 183 is blocked from the concentrated absorbent liquid passing through the shell 180, and collected at the bottom of the evaporator 5. The absorbed liquid in the low concentration is supplied to the high temperature regenerator 1 through the low temperature and high temperature heat exchanger 8 and 7, and the absorbent liquid pump 19 'cannot be driven at the time of power failure. The pressure in the header chambers 173 and 183 of the exchangers 7 and 8 is gradually lowered, and the medium of the absorbent liquid in the high temperature regenerator 1 also has the check valve 16 'installed in the absorbent liquid return pipe 16. It is open because it can not flow back to the high temperature heat exchanger 7 by the closing.
그리고 흡수액 공급관(17)과 증발기(5) 및 흡수기(6) 사이에 설치한 분리판(15)의 하부에 흡수액 및 냉매증기 도관(23)을 설치하고, 상기 도관(23)에 절환밸브(24)를 설치하여 냉수 생성시 폐쇄하고 온수 생성시 개방하는 것이다.An absorbent liquid and a refrigerant vapor conduit 23 are installed at a lower part of the separator 15 provided between the absorbent liquid supply pipe 17, the evaporator 5, and the absorber 6, and a switching valve 24 is provided in the conduit 23. ) Is installed to close the cold water and open the hot water.
상기한 온수를 생성할 때에는 기액분리기(2)에서 도관(23)으로 증발기(5) 및 흡수기(6)의 하부에 흡수액과 냉매증기를 혼합한 상태로 공급하여 상기 냉매증기에 의하여 냉·온수겸용 열교환관(5')에 공급되는 냉수를 가열하여서 온수를 생성하는 것이다.When generating the hot water, the gas-liquid separator 2 is supplied to the conduit 23 from the lower part of the evaporator 5 and the absorber 6 in a state in which the absorbent liquid and the refrigerant vapor are mixed to supply both cold and hot water. The hot water is generated by heating the cold water supplied to the heat exchange tube 5 '.
미설명부호 26는 냉수공급 펌프이고, 176은 체크밸브 지지부재이다.Reference numeral 26 is a cold water supply pump, and 176 is a check valve support member.
이상과 같은 본 발명은 냉수 생성운전시에는 흡수액 및 냉매증기 도관(23)에 설치한 절환밸브(24)를 폐쇄하고, 고온 재생기(1) 내의 흡수액 및 냉매를 가열하여 중간농도의 흡수액 및 냉매증기를 기액분리기(2)에 기포 펌프작용으로 토출하고, 상기 기액분리기(2)에서 분리된 냉매증기는 저온 재생기(3) 내의 전열관(10)에서,중간농도의 흡수액과 열교환하여 냉매증기를 발생하고 자신은 냉매액으로 되는 것이다.The present invention as described above closes the switching valve 24 installed in the absorbent liquid and the refrigerant vapor conduit 23 during the cold water generation operation, heats the absorbent liquid and the refrigerant in the high temperature regenerator 1, and the medium absorbs the liquid and the refrigerant vapor. Is discharged to the gas-liquid separator 2 by bubble pumping, and the refrigerant vapor separated from the gas-liquid separator 2 is exchanged with a medium concentration of the absorption liquid in the heat transfer tube 10 in the low temperature regenerator 3 to generate refrigerant steam. It is itself a refrigerant liquid.
상기 냉매액과 응축기(4)에서 냉매증기가 응축된 냉매액은 증발기(5) 내에 설치한 냉매액 살포관(13)에서 냉·온수겸용 열교환관(5')에 살포하여 그 냉매액이 증발될 때 발생하는 기화열에 의하여 냉수를 냉각시켜 냉수를 생성하는 사이클을 반복하는 것이다.The refrigerant liquid condensed with the refrigerant vapor in the refrigerant liquid and the condenser 4 is sprayed on the heat exchanger tube 5 'for both cold and hot water by the refrigerant liquid spraying pipe 13 installed in the evaporator 5, and the refrigerant liquid evaporates. By repeating the cycle of cooling the cold water by the heat of vaporization generated when the cold water is generated.
한편 상기 증발기(5)에서 증발된 냉매증기는 분리판(15)에서 냉매액이 분리된 후 냉매증기만 흡수기(6)에 유입되어 흡수액 살포관(14)에서 살포되는 진한농도의 흡수액에 흡수되며, 상기 냉매증기를 흡수하여 묽은농도가 된 흡수액은 저온 및 고온 열교환기(7)(8)를 경유하면서 저온 재생기(3)에서 발생한 진한농도의 흡수액 및 기액분리기(2)에서 공급되는 중간농도의 흡수액과 열교환하여 가열된 후 흡수액 복귀관(16)을 경유하여 고온 재생기(1)에 복귀되어 재가열되는 것이다.Meanwhile, the refrigerant vapor evaporated in the evaporator 5 is separated from the refrigerant liquid in the separator plate 15, and only the refrigerant vapor flows into the absorber 6 and is absorbed by the concentrated concentration of the absorption liquid sprayed from the absorption liquid spray pipe 14. The absorbent liquid, which has been diluted by absorbing the refrigerant vapor, has a high concentration of the absorbent liquid generated in the low temperature regenerator (3) and the medium concentration supplied from the gas-liquid separator (2) via the low temperature and high temperature heat exchanger (7) (8). After being heated by heat exchange with the absorbent liquid, it is returned to the high temperature regenerator 1 via the absorbent liquid return tube 16 and reheated.
그리고 온수 생성 운전시에는 절환밸브(24)를 개방하고 고온 재생기(1)에서 기액분리기(2)에 토출한 중간농도의 흡수액 및 냉매증기를 흡수액 및 냉매증기 도관(24)을 통하여 증발기(5)와 흡수기(6) 사이의 분리판(15) 하부에 공급하여 상기 냉매증기에 의하여 냉·온수겸용 열교환관(5')에 공급되는 냉수와 열교환하여 온수를 생성하고, 상기 냉수와 열교환한 냉매증기는 응축된 후 흡수액에 흡수되어 흡수액 펌프(19')의 구동에 의하여 저온 및 고온 열교환기(7)(8)와 흡수액 복귀관(16)을 경유하여 고온 재생기(1)에 복귀하여 재가열되는 사이클을 반복하는 것이다.During the hot water production operation, the switching valve 24 is opened and the medium concentration of the absorption liquid and the refrigerant vapor discharged from the high temperature regenerator 1 to the gas-liquid separator 2 through the absorption liquid and the refrigerant vapor conduit 24 are evaporator 5. Is supplied to the lower part of the separation plate 15 between the absorber 6 and heat exchanger with cold water supplied to the heat exchanger tube 5 'for both cold and hot water by the refrigerant vapor to generate hot water, and the refrigerant vapor exchanged with the cold water. Cycle is condensed and absorbed by the absorbent liquid and returned to the high temperature regenerator 1 through the low temperature and high temperature heat exchanger 7 (8) and the absorbent liquid return tube 16 by driving the absorbent liquid pump 19 '. To repeat.
상기와 같이 냉수 생성운전 도중에 냉방 부하등이 없어지거나 감소되면 냉·온수겸용 열교환관(5')의 출구온도에 의하여 비례 제어되는 버너가 정지됨과 동시에 흡수액 펌프(19')는 계속 구동하는 희석운전을 실시하는 바, 상기 희석운전시에 증발기(5)의 저부에 모인 묽은농도의 흡수액은 상기 냉수 생성운전시와 같이 고온 재생기(1)에 복귀되는 것이다.As described above, when the cooling load is eliminated or reduced during the cold water generation operation, the burner proportionally controlled by the outlet temperature of the cold / hot water heat exchanger tube 5 'is stopped, and the absorption liquid pump 19' is continuously operated. The dilute absorbent liquid collected at the bottom of the evaporator 5 during the dilution operation is returned to the high temperature regenerator 1 as in the cold water generation operation.
상기한 순환 사이클이 반복될 때 흡수액 펌프(19')의 구동으로 일측 헤더실(173)(183)의 압력이 쉘(170)(180)의 압력보다 크게 되면 체크밸브(175) (185)는 폐쇄되고 헤더실(173)(183)을 경유하는 묽은농도의 흡수액이 쉘(170)(180)을 경유하는 진한농도 및 중간농도의 흡수액과 차단됨으로써 묽은농도는 저온 및 고온 열교환기(8)(7)을 경유하여 고온 재생기(1)에 복귀되는 것이다.If the pressure in one of the header chambers 173 and 183 is greater than the pressure in the shells 170 and 180 by the driving of the absorbent liquid pump 19 'when the circulation cycle is repeated, the check valves 175 and 185 The diluted and absorbed liquid through the header chambers 173 and 183 is blocked from the concentrated and medium absorbed liquid via the shells 170 and 180 so that the diluted concentration is lower than the low and high temperature heat exchanger 8 ( It returns to the high temperature regenerator 1 via 7).
그리고 상기와 같은 냉수 생성운전 도중에 정전이 되면 흡수액 펌프(19')의 구동은 할 수 없음으로 고·저온 열교환기(7)(8)의 헤더실(173)(183)의 압력은 점점 낮아지고 고온 재생기(1) 내의 중간농도의 흡수액도 흡수액 복귀관(16)에 설치한 체크밸브(16')의 폐쇄에 의하여 고온 열교환기(7) 측으로 역류하지 못함으로 운전중 흡수액 펌프(19')의 토출압에 의하여 폐쇄되어 있던 체크밸브(175)(185)가 개방되어서 고·저온 열교환기(7)(8)의 튜브(171)(181)에 모인 묽은농도의 흡수액과 증발기(5)의 저부에 모여 있던 묽은농도의 흡수액이 고·저온 열교환기(7)(8)의 쉘(170)(180) 내의 중간농도 및 진한농도의 흡수액에 혼합되어 이를 희석시킴으로써 흡수액의 유출경로상에 결정을 일으키는 것을 사전에 방지할 수 있는 것이다.When the power failure occurs during the cold water generation operation as described above, the absorbent liquid pump 19 'cannot be driven, and the pressure in the header chambers 173 and 183 of the high and low temperature heat exchanger 7 and 8 gradually decreases. The intermediate liquid absorbent liquid in the high temperature regenerator 1 cannot flow back to the high temperature heat exchanger 7 due to the closing of the check valve 16 'installed in the absorbent liquid return pipe 16. The check valves 175 and 185 which are closed by the discharge pressure are opened, and the absorbent liquid having a low concentration collected in the tubes 171 and 181 of the high and low temperature heat exchanger 7 and 8 and the bottom of the evaporator 5. The concentrated absorbent liquid collected in the mixture is mixed with the medium and deep absorbent liquids in the shells 170 and 180 of the high and low temperature heat exchanger (7) (8) and diluted to form crystals on the outflow path of the absorbent liquid. This can be prevented in advance.
이상과 같이 본 발명은 정전시에 묽은농도의 흡수액을 진한농도 및 중간농도의 흡수액에 혼합하여 진한농도 및 중간농도의 흡수액을 희석시킴으로써 결정을 사전에 방지할 수 있기 때문에 종래와 같이 증기 또는 토치램프를 사용하여 사후에 해정하던 것에 비하여 간편하고, 신속한 운전재개를 할 수 있는 것이다.As described above, since the present invention can prevent the crystals in advance by diluting the absorbed liquids in the medium and medium concentrations by diluting the absorbed liquids in the thick and medium concentrations during the blackout, the vapor or torch lamps as before. Using it, you can resume quick and easy operation compared to the after-mortem release.
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