KR100261332B1 - 리튬이온2차전지음극활물질용난흑연화성탄소입자의제조방법 - Google Patents
리튬이온2차전지음극활물질용난흑연화성탄소입자의제조방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR100261332B1 KR100261332B1 KR1019970036061A KR19970036061A KR100261332B1 KR 100261332 B1 KR100261332 B1 KR 100261332B1 KR 1019970036061 A KR1019970036061 A KR 1019970036061A KR 19970036061 A KR19970036061 A KR 19970036061A KR 100261332 B1 KR100261332 B1 KR 100261332B1
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- furan resin
- carbon particles
- lithium ion
- ion secondary
- secondary battery
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 35
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 32
- 239000007849 furan resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000002425 furfuryl group Chemical group C(C1=CC=CO1)* 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910021470 non-graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 52
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic anhydride Chemical group CC(=O)OC(C)=O WFDIJRYMOXRFFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CO1 XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011968 lewis acid catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003377 acid catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- DVECBJCOGJRVPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyryl chloride Chemical compound CCCC(Cl)=O DVECBJCOGJRVPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- UCVODTZQZHMTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanoyl chloride Chemical compound CCCCCCC(Cl)=O UCVODTZQZHMTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004820 halides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CKOYRRWBOKMNRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furfuryl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CO1 CKOYRRWBOKMNRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021469 graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- IXISGRHWGVGCAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Furanylmethyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCC(=O)OCC1=CC=CO1 IXISGRHWGVGCAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 Polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium nickel Chemical compound [Ni].[Cd] OJIJEKBXJYRIBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009831 deintercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VZRGLBPRLIGTPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N furan-2-ylmethyl heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC(=O)OCC1=CC=CO1 VZRGLBPRLIGTPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
셀의 규격 | 직경 ; 20mm, 두께 ; 2.5mm |
카운터전극(대극) | 0.5mm 두께의 박막형상의 리튬 |
분리막 | 폴리프로필렌 분리막 |
용매 | 에틸렌카보네이트/디메틸카보네이트의 1 : 1 용적비의 혼합물 |
전해질염 | LiPF6(1mol/l) |
집전판 | 박막형상의 구리 |
충, 방전 시험조건 | 정전류법 |
전류밀도(충, 방전시 동일) | 40mAg-1 |
측정전위범위 | 2.5 - 0V |
수지의 탄화수율(%) | X-선 회절법에 의한 결정상수의 크기 | ||
Lc(002)/nm | d2/Å | ||
실시예 1 | 51.2 | 1 | 3.91 |
실시예 2 | 47.6 | 1 | 3.84 |
실시예 3 | 43.8 | 1 | 3.86 |
비교예 1 | 49.4 | 1 | 3.93 |
Claims (11)
- 소수성 말단기로서 푸르푸릴기를 포함하는 에스터기를 갖는 푸란수지를 수계에 분산시키는 단계;상기 소수성 말단기로서 푸르푸릴기를 포함하는 에스터기를 갖는 푸란수지가 분산된 수계를 교반하여 미립화하는 단계;미립화된 푸란수지를 분리하는 분리단계; 및분리된 푸란수지를 비산화성 분위기 중에서 가열하여 탄화하는 탄화단계;를 구비함을 특징으로 하는 리튬이온 2차전지 음극활물질용 난흑연화성 탄소입자의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 소수성 말단기로서 푸르푸릴기를 포함하는 에스터기를 갖는 푸란수지가 푸르푸릴알코올을 아세트산무수물 또는 부타노일 클로라이드나 헵타노일 클로라이드 등과 같은 할로겐화물 등의 에스터 관능기를 제공할 수 있는 화합물들과 반응시켜 단량체로서 푸르푸릴에스터를 수득한 후, 이를 상온 이하의 온도에서 루이스산 촉매 하에서 중합시켜 수득되는 것임을 특징으로 하는 상기 리튬이온 2차전지 음극활물질용 난흑연화성 탄소입자의 제조방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 수계가 오일-인-워터(Oil-in-water)형의 수계임을 특징으로 하는 상기 리튬이온 2차전지 음극활물질용 난흑연화성 탄소입자의 제조방법.
- 제 3 항에 있어서,상기 수계가 상기 산촉매를 중화시킬 수 있는 양의 염기성물질이 용해된 수계임을 특징으로 하는 리튬이온 2차전지 음극활물질용 난흑연화성 탄소입자의 제조방법.
- 제 4 항에 있어서,상기 수계가 수산화나트륨, 수산화칼륨, 수산화칼슘 등의 강염기성물질과 탄산나트륨 등의 금속 탄산염 등의 약염기성물질들로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택된 염기성물질이 용해된 수계임을 특징으로 하는 리튬이온 2차전지 음극활물질용 난흑연화성 탄소입자의 제조방법.
- 제 5 항에 있어서,상기 수계가 수산화나트륨이 용해된 수계임을 특징으로 하는 리튬이온 2차전지 음극활물질용 난흑연화성 탄소입자의 제조방법.
- 제 6 항에 있어서,상기 수계가 수산화나트륨 0.1 내지 1.0 중량%를 물 99 내지 99.9 중량%에 용해된 수계임을 특징으로 하는 리튬이온 2차전지 음극활물질용 난흑연화성 탄소입자의 제조방법.
- 제 3 항에 있어서,상기 수계가 계면활성제 0.1 내지 5.0 중량%에 용해시킨 것으로 이루어짐을 특징으로 하는 상기 리튬이온 2차전지 음극활물질용 난흑연화성 탄소입자의 제조방법.
- 제 3 항에 있어서,상기 수계는 수산화나트륨 0.1 내지 1.0 중량%, 계면활성제 0.1 내지 5.0 중량%를 물 94 내지 99.8 중량%에 용해시킨 것으로 이루어짐을 특징으로 하는 상기 리튬이온 2차전지 음극활물질용 난흑연화성 탄소입자의 제조방법.
- 제 8 항 또는 제 9 항에 있어서,상기 계면활성제가 폴리비닐알코올계 계면활성제 또는 트윈계 계면활성제로 이루어진 그룹 중에서 선택된 계면활성제임을 특징으로 하는 상기 리튬이온 2차전지 음극활물질용 난흑연화성 탄소입자의 제조방법.
- 소수성 말단기로서 푸르푸릴기를 포함하는 에스터기를 갖는 푸란수지를 수계에 분산시키는 단계;상기 소수성 말단기로서 푸르푸릴기를 포함하는 에스터기를 갖는 푸란수지가 분산된 수계를 교반하여 미립화하는 단계;미립화된 푸란수지를 분리하는 분리단계;분리된 푸란수지를 건조시키는 건조단계;건조된 푸란수지 중에서 촉매를 제거하는 촉매제거단계; 및미립화된 푸란수지를 비산화성 분위기 중에서 700℃ 이상의 온도로 가열하여 탄화하는 탄화단계;를 구비함을 특징으로 하는 리튬이온 2차전지 음극활물질용 난흑연화성 탄소입자의 제조방법.
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