JPS63284469A - Method for measuring basic fluid water volume of mixture composed of liquid, powder and grain and method for deciding characteristics of various kinds of compounds in said mixture system and method for preparing said mixture - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To make rational elucidation promptly responding with the actual state of a kneaded mixture by determining the critical relative adsorptive water rate of the grain in a mixture composed of liquid, powder and grain and determining the moisture content in the capillary range of the powder. CONSTITUTION:The critical adsorptive water rate of the grain and the moisture content in the capillary range of the powder are determined in the mixture composed of the powder of cement, etc., the grain such as sand and the liquid such as water in the packed matter of the most closely packed state obtd. by subjecting the above-mentioned mixture to compacting and packing operations. The water volumes obtd. by subtracting the respective weights of the grain and powder in the closest packed matter and likewise the critical adsorptive water volumes obtd. by multiplying the above-mentioned weight of the grain by the critical adsorptive water volume and multiplying the above-mentioned weight of the powder by the above-mentioned moisture content in the capillary range respectively from the weight per unit volume of the above-mentioned packed matter in the most closely packed state are determined as the basic water volumes governing the flowability and other characteristics in the above-mentioned closest packed matter. The characteristics of the above-mentioned mixture are exactly recognized by preparing said mixture with the basic fluid water volume as an index.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Object of the Invention The present invention relates to a basic flow water measurement method using liquids, powders, and granules, a method for determining the characteristics of various compounds in the mixing system, and a method for preparing the mixtures. The basic flowing water amount is measured for mixtures of liquids such as kneaded materials and powders and granules, especially mixtures using naturally occurring particles such as sand or crushed particles as the granules, and composition changes in the mixing system are measured. The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics of the mixture and to provide a method for rationally adjusting the mixture.

(Industrial field of application) Workers are asked about mixtures obtained by blending powders such as cement and fly ash with water and other liquids, granules such as sand and other fine aggregates, and lumps such as gravel if necessary. It is possible to measure properties such as stability, pleating, and fluidity, and to determine the properties when the composition changes in the mixed system, and to stably obtain the best fluidity and other properties of such mixtures. Adjustment technology.

(Prior art) It is well known that in various civil engineering and construction projects, powdered hydraulic substances such as cement are used, and mortar is often used, which is a mixture of water-based liquid and sand or other fine aggregate. As for concrete, which also contains coarse aggregate such as gravel and crushed stone, and fiber materials, its properties can basically be obtained from a mixture of the three materials mentioned above, and additives can be added as appropriate. The same relationship exists even if they are mixed. The same thing is essential for the preparation of materials for manufacturing various ceramic products or obtaining other physical and chemical products, but in such preparation, the presence of liquid in the material powder as described above is essential. It is well known that the desired homogeneous prepared product cannot be obtained due to the adsorption phenomenon (on the other hand, the dispersion phenomenon). Such phenomena affect the moldability or filling property, pleadability or separation property when obtaining the desired product using such a prepared product, as well as the strength and other properties of the product obtained by molding and curing the kneaded product. It also affects the transportation and other cargo handling of the prepared product. The same thing can be observed not only in new formulations, but also in clay, stone powder, sludge, sludge, and other mixed materials such as sand grains, fibers, and other aggregate materials. There are various problems related to storage, etc., and even when cliffs and mountains collapse during rain, etc., it is basically the behavior of the mixture of powder, liquid, and granules, and its characteristics. It has a big impact.

Therefore, although some studies have been made regarding this adsorption phenomenon, conventionally it has only been understood theoretically or qualitatively. In such a conventional general technical state, the inventors of the present invention have published Japanese Patent Application No. 58-5216 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 59-131164) and Japanese Patent Application No. 24523-1988 in the bag.
No. 3 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 139407/1982) proposed a test and measurement method for quantifying adsorbed liquid on the surface of fine aggregate used in concrete or mortar, and a kneading method using such test and measurement results. We proposed a series of methods for adjusting objects. In other words, these prior art technologies are concerned with liquids such as water that adhere to the surfaces of particles or powders as described above, and which are divided into those that are retained between the particles due to capillary action and those that are adsorbed on the surfaces of the particles. The purpose of this method is to analyze the latter separately, and to quantitatively test and measure the latter in particular.Moreover, it is possible to efficiently measure multiple samples under the same centrifugal force conditions. Regarding the adjustment of water temperature, etc., it is possible to separate and understand what is understood to be the same liquid as conventional hot water, and to obtain the measurement results quantitatively in response to each condition. We have achieved revolutionary improvements in kneading and adjustment.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) Conventional general techniques as described above are related to finer aggregates as specified by JIS, for example, measuring the water absorption rate, coarse particle rate, actual rate, etc. in a surface dry saturated state. This method attempts to understand and adjust the liquid content of the above-mentioned kneaded materials using data, but it is not possible to accurately understand and control the physical properties when adjusting a specific kneaded material. In other words, for such a kneaded material, separation pleasurability or workability,
It is well known that physical properties such as pumpability and compaction properties are necessary, but these physical properties differ depending on the cement even if the same sand is used. Even so, the characteristics of the resulting kneaded product will still vary due to the difference in sand.

Furthermore, in order to densely fill and mold such a kneaded material, it is common to apply vibration or other compaction treatments, but the behavior or changes of the kneaded product during such vibration or other compaction processing must be measured according to the same JIS regulations. In most cases, even the values differ significantly. In addition, when concrete is cast in a thick layer or when concrete is cast and filled using a vertical formwork, the appearance of the poured and filled fresh concrete or mortar varies in various ways. By the way, the present inventors divided the blended water for such mixing and purification, made part of it in a specific range evenly adhere to the fine aggregate, added cement and mixed it for the first time, and then mixed the remaining part. By adding water and performing secondary kneading, it is possible to obtain a kneaded material with less precipitating and separation and excellent workability, and to considerably increase the strength and other properties of the resulting molded product under the same compounding conditions. However, even if such new technology is adopted, the degree of the above-mentioned effects in the concretely obtained kneaded material varies depending on the fine aggregate used. will be different.

In order to solve such problems, the above-mentioned prior art proposed by the present inventors not only distinguishes between the adsorbed liquid on the particle surface and the other adsorbed liquid, but also attempts to quantitatively clarify the adsorbed liquid. However, after conducting specific measurements regarding this technology and examining the details of numerous results in which concrete and mortar were adjusted using the results, we found that each mortar and mortar It was observed that there was still a tendency for accuracy to not be achieved when adjusting concrete, etc.

In other words, according to these experimental results, it is necessary to ensure mutual interaction between aggregates such as fine aggregate and powder (compatibility between cement and aggregate) and control of aggregates (including fine aggregate). is not easy. In other words, the characteristics of aggregates that cannot be explained by conventional JIS regulations, such as the surface roughness, material quality, shape, and surface adsorption power of these materials, have a large effect on the separation and breathing properties of concrete and mortar, workability, pumping properties, compaction properties, etc. Although it is presumed that this relationship is involved, it is not possible to accurately elucidate such a relationship and obtain a rational kneaded product.

Therefore, specifically, trial kneading is repeated to determine the most advantageous blending and mixing conditions, but such trial kneading requires a considerable amount of man-hours and time to obtain a single result. Generally, it takes 4 weeks to reach the strength. If the conditions were to be adjusted and tested repeatedly, it would take a considerable amount of time, and it would not be possible to respond immediately to specific construction work.Therefore, this trial practice is basically based on the experience or intuition of each worker, and can be completed within a relatively short period of time. However, it is necessary to test only those items for which measurement results are required in order to estimate the overall result, which lacks rationality and makes it impossible to obtain accurate agreement, and it is necessary to allow for a considerable margin of error. It is.

"Structure of the invention" (Means for solving the problem) Powder such as cement, fly ash, slag powder, clay, sand, granular slag, artificial fine aggregate, glass spheres and other granules, water, etc. Using a mixture to which a liquid is added, the limit relative adsorption water content of the granules in the mixture is determined with respect to a packing in a close-packed state in which the mixture is compacted and packed, and the water content in the capillary region of the powder is determined,
From the weight per unit volume of the above-mentioned close-packed packing, the particle weight and powder weight, and the particle adsorption water amount multiplied by the particle weight and the above-mentioned limit relative adsorption water rate, and the above-mentioned powder weight and the above-mentioned capillary region water content. A method for measuring the basic flowing water amount of a mixture of liquid, powder, and granules, characterized in that the basic flowing water amount in the close-packed packing is obtained by subtracting the amount of water adsorbed by the powder multiplied by .

Using a mixture of powder such as cement, fly ash, slag powder, clay, sand, granular slag, artificial fine aggregate, glass spheres and other granules, and water and other liquids, the mixture is subjected to a compaction filling operation. Determining the critical relative adsorption water content of the granules in the mixture with respect to the most densely packed packing, and determining the water content in the capillary region of the powder;
From the weight per unit volume of the above-mentioned close-packed packing, the particle weight and powder weight, and the particle adsorption water amount multiplied by the particle weight and the above-mentioned limit relative adsorption water rate, and the above-mentioned powder weight and the above-mentioned capillary region water content. Determine the amount of water by subtracting the amount of powder adsorbed water multiplied by the amount of water multiplied by
A method for determining characteristics of mixtures of liquids, powders, and granules, which is characterized by using this basic flowing water amount to obtain flowing water amounts that are correlated to the respective basic flowing water amounts for various compounds.

When preparing a mixture of powder such as cement, fly ash, slag powder, clay, sand, granular slag, artificial fine aggregate, glass spheres and other granules, and water and other liquids, the mixture is Regarding the packed material in the close-packed state that has been compacted, determine the critical relative adsorption water content of the granules in the mixture, determine the water content in the capillary region of the powder, and calculate the weight per unit volume of the packed material in the closest-packed state. Then, the basic value is calculated by subtracting the particle weight, the powder weight, the particle adsorption water amount obtained by multiplying the particle weight by the above-mentioned limit relative adsorption water rate, and the powder adsorption water amount obtained by multiplying the above-mentioned powder weight by the above-mentioned capillary zone water content. First kneading is carried out under conditions where the amount of flowing water is zero, and then liquid is added according to the basic flowing water amount and correlated flowing water amount determined based on the fluidity and other characteristic values required for the target kneaded product. 1. A method for preparing a mixture of liquid, powder and granules, characterized by performing secondary kneading.

Powder such as cement, fly ash, slag powder, clay, sand, granular slag, artificial fine aggregate, glass spheres and other granules, water and other liquids, as well as gravel, crushed stone and other coarse aggregates or lumps. When adjusting the added mixture,
Regarding the close-packed packing obtained by compaction-packing the mixture, the critical relative adsorption water content of the granules in the mixture is determined, and the water content in the capillary region of the powder is determined, and the unit of the close-packed packing described above is determined. From the weight per volume, the particle weight and powder weight, the particle adsorption water amount obtained by multiplying the particle weight by the above-mentioned limit relative adsorption water rate, and the powder adsorption water amount obtained by multiplying the above-mentioned powder weight by the above-mentioned capillary region water content. The method is characterized in that the subtracted basic flowing water amount is determined as the porosity of the granules in an absolutely dry state, the porosity of the agglomerates is determined, and the porosity and slump value of the agglomerates are obtained from the graphed correlation. Methods for preparing mixtures with liquids, powders and granules.

(Function) In a packing in a close-packed state in which a mixture of powder such as cement, granules such as sand, and liquid such as water is compacted and packed, the limit adsorption water rate of the granules in the mixture and the capillary of the powder Calculate the regional water content, calculate the weight per unit volume of the above-mentioned close-packed packing, add each weight of the granules and powder in the closest-packed packing, and multiply the above-mentioned particle weight by the limit adsorption water content. The critical amount of adsorbed water and the amount of water obtained by subtracting the same critical amount of adsorbed water of the powder obtained by multiplying the powder weight by the capillary region water content are the basics that govern the fluidity and other properties of the close-packed packing described above. It is calculated as the amount of water.

The basic flowing water amount shows a significant correlation with the formability, pleating, strength development after setting, etc. of the close-packed packing, and by adjusting the mixture using this basic flowing water amount as an index, the mixture can be improved. Characteristics can be accurately grasped.

Regarding the preparation of the kneaded material described above, the powder such as cement is coated on the periphery of the granules in the most stable state by performing the first kneading using the amount of water at which the basic flowing water amount described above becomes zero. Can be done. In addition, the amount of secondary kneading water added to the primary kneaded product in this way effectively affects the fluidity and other properties of the resulting kneaded product, and the basic fluidity determined from the intended characteristic values. Added amount of water 2
In the next kneading process, the desired properties can be accurately determined.

In the case of concrete mixed with a cleaning material such as coarse aggregate, similarly favorable results can be obtained by applying the relationship between the intergranular porosity and the solid porosity in combination.

(Example) To further explain the present invention as described above, the present inventors have developed a kneaded product or a kneaded product obtained by mixing and mixing conditions for a kneaded product consisting of granules, powder, and liquid as described above. As a result of many years of practical study and speculation on how to accurately predict the characteristics of products molded by molding and rationally adjust the kneaded material, we have created this type of close-packed kneaded material. The remaining water amount obtained by subtracting the respective weights of the granules and powder, the limit relative adsorption water amount for the granules, and the limit relative adsorption water amount for the powder from the weight per unit volume of the object is calculated as the remaining water amount of the close-packed packing. It can be grasped as the basic flowing water amount, and it was discovered that there is an orderly relationship between this new basic flowing water amount and the loosening (or filling) rate in the close-packed packing, and such a relationship was established. We succeeded in accurately elucidating and predicting the characteristics of the resulting kneaded product by determining the mixing conditions using this method.

In the present invention, the powder includes Portland cements,
Alumina cement, magnesia cement, gypsum, limes such as slaked lime, blast furnace slag, special cements such as expanded cement, fly ash, silica hume, stone powder,
There are powders used for filling or bulking clay, mud, or other inorganic or organic substances. In addition, granules include fine aggregates such as river sand, sea sand, mountain sand, crushed sand, granular slag, and artificial fine aggregate, and fibrous materials such as metal fibers and inorganic fibers, and coarse aggregates such as gravel and crushed stone as granules. These granules or lumps include various aggregates used to impart sound insulation, heat insulation, fire resistance, nuclear insulation, lightness, weight, etc.

Furthermore, water is a typical liquid, but water reducing agents,
Mixtures of various auxiliaries or additives such as quick setting agents and plastics are widely used.

However, the inventors of the present invention have proposed a method for increasing the dewatering force by applying dewatering force such as centrifugal force to particles such as fine aggregate as described above, which contain a sufficient amount of water to prevent adhesion. However, it has been confirmed that once a certain limit is reached, there is a critical relative adsorption rate at which the water content hardly decreases even if the dehydration power increases further. Similarly, regarding powders, the limit adsorption of the powders is reached when the powders are in substantial contact with each other and the capillary region is filled with water between the powder particles and is substantially free of air. It has been confirmed that water content exists. Furthermore, regarding the measurement of the critical relative adsorption rate of the granules, a method has been established that avoids the influence of contact liquid between the granules and obtains accurate measurement results by using the powder in combination.

In the present invention, in addition to these newly developed techniques by the present inventors, we have repeatedly investigated the close-packed packing as described above, and determined the basic flowing water amount as described above. In other words, the inventors of the present invention used powder together to determine the amount of adsorbed liquid for aggregates such as fine aggregate as described above, thereby reducing the influence of the contact liquid between the aggregates on the powder. Exclude as liquid volume to obtain accurate measurement results. Furthermore, if centrifugal force is applied to a mixed system consisting of granular or fibrous materials such as aggregate, powder, and liquid to remove liquid, the amount of adsorbed liquid will change due to changes in the applied centrifugal force. In other words, as the centrifugal force increases, the amount of adsorbed liquid on the aggregate gradually decreases, but once the centrifugal force of such deliquing treatment exceeds a certain value, even if the centrifugal force is increased beyond that, the amount of adsorbed liquid will decrease. After confirming that there is almost no fluctuation in the amount of adsorbed liquid and that there is a point of inflection in the decreasing trend of the amount of adsorbed liquid as described above, this point of change in the decreasing trend of adsorbed liquid is set as the limit adsorbed water rate. I can understand. However, this limit adsorbed water rate varies depending on one or more of the aggregates, powders, or liquids used, and therefore the specific adsorbed water rate that can be obtained is the relative limit. Regarding the adsorbed water rate, such a limit standard adsorbed water rate exists in any mixture system, and is always constant for mixtures having the same composition, as shown by numerous experimental results. For example, Fujitsuki river sand (Ql, 49, F
, M: 2.65, specific gravity surface dry ρ.

: 2.58, ρ, 1.52, ρv: 1.739, ε:
The present inventors used ordinary Portland cement (31%, Sm: 65.3 cal/g) and water as a representative liquid, and varied the sand-cement ratio (S/C) to 2.3. Patent application proposed to Fukuro in 1982-245
The results of various dehydration treatments ranging from centrifugal force of 30G (G is gravity) to 100OG using the method of No. 233 (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 60-139407) show that the water content of cement paste with S/C of 0 is WP/ C varies to some extent depending on the centrifugal force acting as described above, and when sand is mixed with it, the higher the S/C value, the higher the water content (but based on the case of the cement paste mentioned above) as S/C
The degree to which the water content increases as the centrifugal force increases remains almost unchanged even when the centrifugal force increases above a constant speed (for example, 150 G to 200 G). In other words, in areas of relatively low gravity such as 100G or less, 30G, 60G
, 80G, and 100G, whereas processing and measurement were performed under conditions of a considerably small centrifugal force difference such as 100G or more for 200G or more, but from 150G 200G causes a relatively large drop in water content in all S/C cases, and it appears that the extent of this drop in water content is significantly reduced by increasing the gravity condition. , Moreover, the upward slope angle θ1 on the diagram as the S/C increases is approximately constant and hardly changes. For example 4
At 38G and 100OG, even though there is an increase in gravity of more than 500G, the upward inclination angle θ remains constant, and 2
Even in the case of 00G, the state is substantially parallel to the above-mentioned case of 1000G.

Regarding the above results, the total water content after the action of centrifugal force is W2, C is the amount of cement, S is the amount of sand, and the water content of the powder after the action of centrifugal force is WP, and after the action of centrifugal force, Let WS be the water content of the sand, and let β be the tangent (tan θ1) of the inclination angle θ after centrifugal force treatment, then the above Wz /C becomes as shown in the following equation.

W, /C=W, /C+βS/C... ■Also, β is expressed as in the following formula (■).

Therefore, W3 = W-WP ''' ■ Therefore, β is the water content obtained by dividing the water content of sand by the amount of sand, and this is taken as the limit relative adsorption water rate of the aggregate.Specifically, W, /C to 1
When calculated using the formula and examining its accuracy (r2), it was as shown in Table 1 below.

It was confirmed that the accuracy rt in Table 1 was at least 0.98 or more, and it was confirmed that the accuracy was extremely high.

Also, regarding such a result, the centrifugal force G and the above β, that is, W! /S relationship is that the relative adsorbed water rate β gradually decreases up to 200G, but by exceeding 200G, the relative adsorbed water rate β hardly decreases and a substantially horizontal linear dehydration result can be obtained. The situation is clear. In other words, the angle θ2 between the relative adsorbed water rate β decrease up to 200G and the substantially horizontal straight line when a centrifugal force of 200G or more is applied is determined, and this θ2 will vary depending on each aggregate. , the angle of θ2 is an IG representing the dewatering characteristics depending on the magnitude of dewatering energy in each aggregate.
It can be said to be the interfacial dehydration rate. As mentioned above, a value in which the relative adsorbed water rate hardly changes even if the centrifugal force increases can be said to be the limit adsorbed water rate (β) for the aggregate. Also, the maximum relative adsorption water rate β. wax is the intersection of the slope line of θ2 and the zero gravity point, and the total relative adsorption water rate βG of the aggregate
.

is the critical adsorbed water rate β. β to. Added wax,
By centrifugal force treatment, the adsorbed water rate β. G r
It can be obtained as aax.

On the other hand, regarding the fact that the water content in the capillary region of a powder paste is close to the maximum torque value during the kneading operation, the present inventors also reported in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-56
It is announced in Figure 4 of Publication No. 815 (in this publication, it is referred to as a funicular or capillary, but
Subsequent studies confirmed that it is a capillary region).

In other words, when powder in an absolutely dry state is kneaded while gradually adding water, the kneading torque increases as the amount of water added gradually increases, but the torque that gradually increases as the amount of water increases reaches the maximum torque point. If the amount of water increases further after that, the torque will gradually decrease this time. This is because the water in the paste completely fills the voids between the powder particles to form a slurry, and the fluidity increases as the amount of water between the powder particles gradually increases. In other words, the kneading torque is at its maximum in the capillary region just before the voids between powder particles are completely filled with water (becoming a slurry), and the kneaded material adjusted to the maximum kneading torque is used. Effectively reduces the generation of breathing water,
It is shown in the above-mentioned publication that a product made from such a kneaded product has excellent strength and other properties, and in the present invention, the water content (WP) in the capillary region is
/C) is α, and the above-mentioned limit adsorption water rate β.

This is also adopted as an important factor.

By the way, the present inventor used centrifugal force to achieve a state in which the adsorbed water ratio β does not substantially decrease even if the acting force is increased further with respect to the kneaded material consisting of powder, granules, and liquid as described above. As a result of examining the cases in which it was carried out, it was found that the centrifugal force was high, for example, 150 to 200 G (there are slight differences in each case depending on the properties of the particles), and pores were generated in the packed tissue, resulting in simple dehydration. In this case, considering that both the rabbit and the horn will be different from the actual filling structure, the condition is the same as that in which the centrifugal force of 150 to 200 G is applied by a method other than the centrifugal force that does not generate pores as described above. As a result of examining the possibility of forming a solid state, it was confirmed that the same condition could be formed using the tamping method. That is, as a method of this invention, the inventor of the present invention has carefully studied many combinations of fine aggregate and cement powder, and as a result, a combination of 11.4 cm in diameter and 9.8 cm in height with a capacity of 1000 cc was developed.
Approximately 500 cc of the kneaded sample is charged into a cylindrical container (volume/weight mass), and then tamped with a table flow ramming rod weighing 500 g over the entire interior of the container an average of 25 times or more. Next, 2 to 3 CIm from the support surface.
Perform the stamping operation of raising and dropping three times or more to equalize the tamped filling state, and then add approximately 500 cc
The preferred method is to charge the same S/C sample and perform the same tamping operation and stamping.
If we consider various samples with gradually varying W/C, we will find that the highest volume/weight value is obtained when the W/C of the resulting tamped filling is at a specific value. For example, as a standard material that matches the particle size composition of sand, which is fine aggregate, and has a uniform shape, 0.075 to 5 m
Using a glass bulb with a diameter of m, for a sample in which Portland cement was mixed with S/C = 1, W/
When filling is performed by the above-mentioned tamping method while changing C sequentially and variously, the results shown in Table 2 below are obtained, and when W/C is 28%, the volumetric weight ρ is 2235.
g, the highest filling state is obtained, and from this W/
The volumetric weight ρ becomes small whether C is low or high.

As in Table 2, using the same glass bulbs and Portland cement, S
When /C is set to 3, the volumetric weight ρ is 2227g when the W/C is about 33%, and when the volumetric weight ρ becomes 1% higher or lower than this W/C value, the volumetric weight ρ becomes lower. The situation is the same as in Table 2, and furthermore, when S/C is set to 6, the volumetric weight ρ reaches its maximum value when W/C is about 48%, and from this the W/C value fluctuates. By doing so, the capacity weight ρ decreases whether it becomes high or low.

This situation is exactly the same in the case of natural sand (river sand, sea sand, mountain sand) and artificial sand (crushed sand and slag grains), where glass spheres as the reference material are generally used as fine aggregate. Therefore, the appearance of a peak point in relation to the W/C value is similar to the appearance of a peak point of kneading torque for powder (cement), and as mentioned above, The W/C, where ρ indicates the peak point, is substantially the same as that obtained when the centrifugal force of 150 G to 200 G is applied as described above, and only a difference within the measurement error range is observed.

That is, in the present invention, the filling state obtained by such a method is considered to be the closest packing state, and this state is used as a preferred representative test method because it closely matches the actual filling and casting state of this type of kneaded product. This year, tamping with a ramming rod was carried out 25 times for each of the upper and lower layers, and stamping was carried out 3 times for each layer.

By the way, as a result of carrying out test measurements in such a close-packed state on many samples of kneaded materials, it was found that the amount of water in this kind of kneaded material could not be explained using the α and β values described above for the amount of cement and sand. We discovered that there are factors that make it impossible to do so. In other words, such factors can be found in any sample with various changes in cement and sand, but the same glass balls, crushed sumo sand, and Fujikawa sand used as granules were used in the measurement examples described later. , the amount of water W/C in each of the above-mentioned close-packed state was determined by preparing a variety of kneaded materials using ordinary Portland cement as powder and varying the S/C. α as mentioned above for
Fig. 9 shows a summary of the comparison between the results calculated using β and the actual values measured for the actual kneaded material.

In other words, the actual measured value shown at the blank measurement point deviates considerably from the calculated value shown at the solid measurement point, and a third factor other than α and β may cause the operation to be more than that. It can be said that it exists in a close-packed state in which the water content does not substantially change even when force is applied. To make a comment, in a state where there is relatively little sand with a process S/C of about 1, a large amount of powder (cement) exists between the sand particles, so the cement present in such a large amount is 3
Even if this S/
Even if C is 2 or 3 or more and the amount of powder (cement) is small, the deviation between the calculated value and the actual value will not decrease but will tend to increase regularly. is as shown.

In other words, in the liquid in such a kneaded material consisting of powder, granules, and liquid, not only the above-mentioned α and β but also the third
It is clear that these factors are at play.

Therefore, the inventors of the present invention conducted repeated studies to elucidate this third factor, and found that this third factor is ultimately retained within the filled kneaded material due to the structure or texture of the filled kneaded material. It should be called water, but when considering the structure or structure of the packed structure of such a kneaded product, it is clear that the substance that forms the skeletal function or structure is sand, and such It is thought that the dominant function is the degree of porosity (looseness rate or filling state) between grains such as sand that form the skeletal function or structure. However, in the grains such as sand obtained as raw materials for such kneaded products, it is unavoidable to mix in fine particles (fine sand) to the extent that they do not have the above-mentioned skeletal function or structure to prevent adhesion. Therefore, proper elucidation cannot be achieved unless such a result is obtained by subtracting the fine grain content (fine sand content).

However, it is not accurate to know what to use and how to determine the fine grain content (fine sand content), even though it is conventionally considered to be based on classification using fine sieves. It's not something. The present inventor discovered the fact that when measuring the actual area ratio of sand in a moist state that satisfies the porosity in the compacted state of the conventional bone-dry compaction method, the actual area ratio increases. This is due to the fine grain content (fine sand content), and the fine grain ratio (fine powder ratio) Ms regarding this fine grain amount is specifically determined by the following formula.

ρS However, ρ8 is the bulk specific gravity in a wet state, and ρ0 is the bulk specific gravity in an absolutely dry state.

Furthermore, when determining the fine grain ratio (fine powder ratio) as described above, the third factor mentioned above is the porosity between grains such as sand, which plays an important skeletal function! , should be corrected based on the absolute dry state, even if it is actually in the wet state [A, h = (1--)xlOO) ρ-, and the The porosity A and D are expressed by the following formula (■).

Kso = (t--)xtOO(%)...
・■ρD Also, to measure the bone dry unit weight, put bone dry sand in three layers in the container (mass) mentioned above, and pound each layer with a mallet on both the left and right sides 10 times (20 times in total). After filling was completed, the top surface was leveled with a piece of wood with triangular corners, and its weight was measured.

Furthermore, to measure the unit volume weight in water, prepare water in a 500IIll graduated cylinder, and add 1ooa to the container (mass).
/! of water, then add bone-dry sand equivalent to one-third of the depth of the container, stir well with a stick, then tap both left and right sides 10 times each (20 times in total) with a mallet, and then 3 times more. Add sand equivalent to half the depth, stir in the same way, and tap lightly with a mallet 20 times in total. At this time, water is poured as necessary so that several baskets of water appear on the top of the sand. In the same way, alternately add sand and water 2 to 3 mm below the top of the container, tap it 20 times, then add only sand so that the sand level and water level are the same on the top of the container, and as needed. Either pour in water or suck up the water with a pipette. Return the sucked up water to the measuring cylinder, and level it with a metal spatula so that the sand surface and water surface are even and smooth on the top of the container. Then, measure the total type ffi (W) and calculate the unit volume of water ρ using the following formula. seek.

However, a: Tare of the container.

b: Amount of water remaining in the graduated cylinder.

Using the method described above, glass balls with a diameter of 0.075 to 5 m, Fuji River sand, and crushed sumo sand were used to create sand (glass balls).
The results of measurements for each sample with a weight ratio of cement/cement (S/C) of 0 to 6 are shown in Tables 3 to 5 below.

In Tables 3 to 5, W is the capillary water content of cement, Sl is the critical relative adsorption water content of sand, WP X CX 100 is the above α, and S
. /5×100 is the β.

Furthermore, W8 is the cement (C), sand (S) and their α
It is the amount of water in the structure other than β and β, and it is unclear whether or not it will specifically flow or form, but since it at least potentially contributes to flow or forming, it should be called the amount of water in the structure. be. Furthermore ρ. is exactly p
SVD is the absolute dry bulk specific gravity of sand, and ρ8 is also known as psJ, which is the bulk specific gravity of sand in a wet state, as opposed to ρ, which is in an absolute dry state. It is.

However, this is a new concept adopted by the inventor as described above! , D was used to organize and analyze the measurement results shown in Tables 3 to 5 above, and it was confirmed that a very clear explanation could be achieved. That is, regarding the measurement results in Tables 3 to 5 mentioned above, Fig. 1 summarizes the relationship between this fresh powder, A), D, and the worker water MW1. Although the materials and properties of glass bulbs, river sand, and crushed sand are clearly different, this W.

It was discovered that a predetermined relationship can be obtained between , A, and D that is orderly and has almost no change.

In other words, when the results shown in Figure 1 are obtained, it is possible to obtain a total regression curve or an individual regression curve using a logarithmic regression equation or an exponential regression equation, and by using such results, such kneading If A and D are required for a product, it is possible to approximately appropriately determine the work pull water IW%1, and therefore, it is also possible to effectively determine the amount of breathing water or fluidity, as well as the strength and other properties of the molded product. It is possible to do so.

That is, as for one example of the total regression curve, one based on the logarithmic regression equation is shown as A...A curve in conjunction with FIG. 1, but when such a total regression curve is used, the purpose It is possible to determine an approximately accurate blending relationship for obtaining the characteristic value regardless of the type of sand particles used. In particular, it can be said that most of the kneaded products containing V2O of about 10 to 30% are on the mark.

In addition, in the case of Fuji River sand in this figure 1, other 2
W%4 is high in the range where 'PsD is low, and this is recognized to be due to the difference in the fine grain rate (fine sand rate) as shown in Tables 3 to 5. The M content is close to 6%, whereas the M content for both glass balls and crushed sumo sand is approximately 3%.

Therefore, the fine particle ratio (M) relationship should be taken into consideration and corrected, or the curves shown in Figure 1 for the specifically adopted sand (glass ball, crushed sumo sand, and Fujikawa sand, respectively) should be corrected. ), the accuracy will be even better than the total regression curve.

Furthermore, if the total regression curve is determined as shown in FIG. 1, and 1 wu of basic flowing water is determined, then
It is possible to determine the above-mentioned limit relative adsorption water rate β of the granules even under conditions without the centrifugal force treatment equipment according to Publication No. 39407.

That is, in the sample preparation for forming the closest packed state, S/C
Since Cv (unit volume of cement) and Sv (unit volume of sand) are known, in addition to these, α・C is also required. That is, CvSSv, α・C
and W. Therefore, factors other than β and S in the formula Σ=Cv+Sv+α・C+β・S shown in Tables 3 to 5 can be found, and on the other hand, W, 1=
Since Wl and I in the formula of 1000-Σ were obtained from the total regression curve indexed as described above, from these formulas, WW +cv +Sv+α-C+β-3=1000, and this formula is written as above. By substituting each value required for , β·S can be obtained.

That is, W in the closest packed state even under conditions without the centrifugal force processing equipment as described above for determining the β value.

The β value can also be determined by determining .

The β value is important in elucidating the characteristics of fine aggregate, as clarified in the above-mentioned prior application by the present inventors, and such a β value requires special centrifugal force processing equipment. What can be obtained without doing so has great industrial utility value.

The specific relationship according to the present invention will be further explained as follows.

Portland cement with a true specific gravity (ρC) of 3.16 and a water content (α: WP/C) of 25% in the capillary region was used, and a true specific gravity (ρ3) of 2.6 and a surface dry specific gravity (ρN) of 2. .63, water absorption rate (Q) is 1.2, F-
M is 2.82, absolute dry bulk specific gravity (ρV) is 1.748, porosity (εV) is 32.8% in dry state, and critical relative adsorption water rate (β: SW /s) is 4. 11% F for Oi
Regarding the kneaded product prepared by using sand and adjusting the S/C to 1.2.3.4.5 and 7 by the double mixing method proposed by the present inventors (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 104958/1982). The results of measuring the W/C and flow value are shown in FIG. In other words, in the results shown in Fig. 2, the flow values are scattered, and the same flow characteristics (
It should be said that it is not possible to obtain mortar with a flow value).

However, for the measurement results shown in Figure 2, the W/C value at the intersection of the equal flow value line on the vertical axis and the straight line connecting the measurement points of each S/C is calculated as shown in Table 6 below. When obtaining mortar with the desired flow value, each S/
It can be understood as the W/C value under C blending conditions.

Table 6 also shows the results of this Table 6 as in Figure 1 for A, D and Workapur water 1w. Organized in relation to the above first
Figure 3 is shown together with the results shown in the figure (solid measurement points), and there is a significant correlation between the results for the closest packing state shown in Figure 1 and this isoflow curve. It is clear that there are.

Especially regarding the one in Figure 3, the S/C is 1
．． In the case of 2.3.5.7, the extension of each straight line is 'P3D is 1
At 00%, it can be said that W8 is oriented toward the 10004 point, which indicates that a convergence design is possible.

In other words, in this type of convergence design, the base point for designing the compounding relationship has already been determined, and no matter what S/C is adopted, the overall relationship can be said to be clarified. It is clear that by quantifying material property values, it becomes possible to design appropriate formulations with great ease.

Furthermore, the results of measuring the flow value and internal breathing that occurs inside the kneaded material for the mortar described above are as shown in Figure 4, and it is clear that a well-ordered relationship cannot be determined from such measurement points themselves. It is the same as that in Figure 2.

However, in this figure 4, the intersection points of the straight line connecting the measurement results for each S/C and the isoflow line for every 20 dragons in the range of 180 dragons to 240 cranes are shown in Table 7 below. It's like this.

7. Based on the results of Table 7, FIG. 5 organizes and shows the relationship with the pleading rate with A and D on the horizontal axis, as in FIG. 1.3 above, This figure 5 shows the first
Although the results for the closest packing state in the figure are not shown, the third
It is clear that there is a significant correlation with the results obtained from the closest packing state, just as in the case shown in the figure.

Furthermore, using F sand for Oi as described above, S/C is 1 to 5.
For each mortar adjusted as 7 and 7, the compressive strength (σ
c28) and the relationship between the measurement results and the W/C of the mortar used.

Figure 6 summarizes the results, and shows that even though S/C fluctuates over a fairly wide range, it follows a generally orderly relationship, and the results obtained under the specified blending conditions. It is possible to appropriately determine the strength of the product.

A specific example of determining the β value using the result converted into a constant as shown in FIG. 1 in the present invention is as follows.

FM: 2.80, water absorption rate 2.96%, surface dry specific gravity 2.6
0, the absolute dry specific gravity is 2.53, and the unit volume weight is 172.
0 kg/rrr (relative surface adsorption water rate β by 438G).

As described below, using Sumo river sand (4.34%), S/C
2.0, W/C 39.7% mortar (cement 665 kg/n?, sand 1330 kg/d, water 263.
9 kg/nf) Closely packed U-no! ,D
is, and on the other hand, β, that is, Ww is as shown in FIG.
The intersection point of all the regression curves corresponding to this 'PsD = 22.7% is W on the vertical axis. When calculated as the value of , it is 38,5
It will be about J. Also, when calculating this W8 specifically, β=16°3.6-40.1 ・loge 22.7
= 38.642, which approximately matches the value obtained from the diagram in FIG.

If A, D, and W, 1 are obtained in this way, the value of β can be obtained by calculation, that is, the formula for calculating β is as follows: Cv: Capacity of cement = C/3.16Sv:
Capacity of sand = S/2.53 α・C: Adsorbed water rate of cement = 25%, so it is calculated as follows, and this value is β due to the centrifugal force treatment of 438G described above. The value is substantially the same as 4.34%, and the β value can be determined without performing centrifugal force treatment.

Conventionally, in order to obtain the above β, multiple samples with various S/C values are subjected to centrifugal force treatment for about 30 minutes each, and the obtained results are calculated using a regression equation. The advantage of the present invention, which requires no such centrifugal equipment or processing operations, is obvious.

It goes without saying that if β can be found as described above, other explanations for various changes in S/C will be extremely simple.

Although the above discussion concerns mortar, we also investigated concrete containing coarse aggregate added to such mortar.

That is, together with the above-mentioned Oi F sand, ordinary Portland cement, and water, a maximum of 25 Tsuru has an absolute dry specific gravity of 2.62, a surface dry specific gravity of 2.69, a coarse grain ratio of 6.96, and a water absorption rate of 0.67%.
Unit volume weight 1632ksr/n? The method of kneading is to add primary water to sand and crushed stone, mix for 30 seconds, then add cement and mix for 60 seconds, then add secondary water and mix for 30 seconds. Furthermore, 1.0% of the water reducing agent Maiyoi manufactured and sold by Kao Soap Co., Ltd. was added to the amount of cement and kneaded for 60 seconds, and by this method the S/C was 1.5 to 4. The following Table 8 summarizes the characteristic values of various fresh concretes that were varied and adjusted within the range of 0.

The amount of primary water used in the kneading is the amount of water when v and D are zero, and the amount of secondary water is the remaining amount to satisfy each W/C value shown in Table 8. This is based on the amount of water.

However, Fig. 7 summarizes the results shown in Table 8, and shows that even under various conditions where S/C, W/C, and S/a vary, ' It is clear that there is a high degree of correlation between PG and slump value, and by determining v, the obtained slump value of fresh concrete can be approximately appropriately determined. In particular, it can be said that the S/C and W/C of the used mortar form a substantially straight line under the specified conditions (in the case of the measurement points of the same shape in Fig. 7). Under conditions where the composition of mortar is specified or clarified, judgments can be made with very high accuracy.

In addition, Fig. 8 summarizes the results of measuring the compressive strength of each concrete prepared in the above manner by molding it into a compact and measuring the compressive strength after 28 days of age.
Even if there is some variation in the case where C = 2.0 and W/C is 41%, overall it is 30 to 100 kg/
It has only a relatively narrow range of variation in aa,
Moreover, it was clear that the concrete had a high compressive strength in relation to its S/C value, and it was confirmed that an extremely excellent concrete was obtained.

In addition, the present inventors have not only used this F sand and crushed stone for Oi, but also used other sumo, Kinu, Fujitsuki river sand, sea sand and mountain sand prepared by washing with water as fine aggregate. Regarding the coarse aggregate used, various studies were conducted based on the results shown in Table 7 to Figure 6.7 above regarding many river gravels obtained from rivers in various places, and the characteristics of the target ready-mixed concrete were determined. The mixing conditions for obtaining the values were determined and carried out, but the results were similar to those described above, and it was possible to obtain ready-mixed concrete with extremely small errors in relation to the predicted characteristic values. did it.

"Effects of the Invention" According to the present invention as explained above, it is possible to break away from the repeated trial kneading and statistical methods used in conventional methods for mixtures of powder, granules, and liquids, and to develop new powders for liquids such as water. In addition to the water content in the capillary region of the body and the critical relative adsorption water rate of the granules, the basic flowing water amount in the close-packed packing, as well as the necessary flowing water, breathing water, etc. in the relationship with such gradual and unique factors. To elucidate in detail quantitatively, to perform rational elucidation immediately responsive to the actual condition of actual mixtures, especially kneaded materials such as concrete and mortar, and to predict and appropriately obtain products with stable quality with little variation. This invention is industrially very effective.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show the technical contents of the present invention, and Fig. 1 is a diagram summarizing the relationship between the interparticle loosening rate of granules and the amount of work pull water, and Fig. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the interparticle loosening rate of granules and the amount of water in the work pull. Figure 3 is a diagram summarizing the relationship between W/C and flow value for mortar using sand. /
Similar to Figure 1, the C value is organized in terms of the relationship between the interparticle loosening rate and the amount of work pull water; Figure 4 is a diagram summarizing the relationship between the internal breathing rate of the mortar and the flow value;
The figure shows the isoflow value line and each S/C in this figure 4.
Figure 6 is a chart showing the relationship between the interparticle loosening rate and the breathing rate with respect to the intersection with the straight line connecting the measurement results for each measurement. W/C compressive strength after 28 days
Figure 7 summarizes the relationship between various S/C1
Coarse aggregate loosening rate for fresh concrete obtained by W/C and S/a! . Figure 8 is a diagram summarizing the relationship between slump value and slump value, Figure 8 is a diagram summarizing the compressive strength at 28 days of age for each ready-mixed concrete adjusted as shown in Figure 7, and Figure 9 is a diagram summarizing the compressive strength at 28 days. It is a chart showing the state of change in W/C and S/C in a close-packed mixture together with calculated values and actually measured values.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A mixture of powder such as cement, fly ash, slag powder, clay, sand, granular slag, artificial fine aggregate, glass spheres and other granules, and water and other liquids. The limit relative adsorption water content of the granules in the mixture is determined, and the moisture content in the capillary region of the powder is determined for the close-packed packing obtained by compaction-packing the mixture. From the weight per unit volume of A method for measuring the basic flowing water amount of a mixture of liquid, powder, and granules, characterized in that the amount of water obtained by subtracting the above is determined as the basic flowing water amount in the close-packed packing. 2. A method for measuring the basic flowing water amount of a mixture of liquid, powder, and granules according to claim 1, in which the basic flowing water amount in a close-packed packing is determined in relation to the intergranular porosity. 3. The method for measuring the basic flow rate of a mixture of liquid, powder, and granules according to claim 2, in which the intergranular porosity is determined as the porosity of the granules in an absolutely dry state. 4. Basic flow water measurement method for a mixture of liquid, powder, and granules according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the granules used in the kneaded material are corrected by the amount of fine particles. . 5. In forming the closest packed state, determine the amount of powder and granules from the sample used, and determine the water content in the capillary region of the powder from the highest torque point during kneading,
Moreover, the interparticle porosity and basic flowing water content in the closest packed state are obtained from their indexed relationship, and the above-mentioned basic flowing water content, the powder amount, the granular amount, and the powder water content in the capillary region are 5. A method for measuring the basic flow water content of a mixture of liquid, powder, and granules according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which determines the critical relative adsorption water content of granules. 6. Using a mixture of powders such as cement, fly ash, slag powder, and clay, and adding sand, granular slag, artificial fine aggregate, glass spheres, other granules, and water and other liquids, the mixture is consolidated. Regarding the packed material in the most dense state that has been filled, the critical relative adsorption water content of the granules in the mixture is determined, and the water content in the capillary region of the powder is determined, and from the weight per unit volume of the packed material in the most dense state described above. The water amount obtained by subtracting the particle weight, the powder weight, the particle adsorption water amount obtained by multiplying the particle weight by the above-mentioned limit relative adsorption water rate, and the powder adsorption water amount obtained by multiplying the above-mentioned powder weight by the above-mentioned capillary region moisture content. A mixture of liquids, powders, and granules, characterized in that the basic flowing water amount in the close-packed packing is determined, and using this basic flowing water amount, the flowing water amount that correlates to the basic flowing water amount for various compounds is determined. Characteristic determination method. 7. Based on the liquid, powder, and granules according to claim 6, in which the basic flowing water amount is determined as the inter-granular porosity in an absolutely dry state, and the granules used in the kneaded product are corrected by the amount of fine particles. Method for determining the properties of mixtures. 8. The liquid according to claim 6, in which the basic flowing water amount with respect to the porosity of the granules in an absolutely dry state is determined by a regression curve using a logarithmic regression equation, an exponential logarithmic regression equation, etc.
Method for characterizing mixtures of powders and granules. 9. When preparing a mixture of powder such as cement, fly ash, slag powder, clay, and sand, granular slag, artificial fine aggregate, glass spheres and other granules, and water and other liquids, Regarding the close-packed packing obtained by compaction-packing the mixture, determine the critical relative adsorption water rate of the granules in the mixture, determine the water content in the capillary region of the powder, and calculate the unit volume of the close-packed packing described above. From the per weight, subtract the particle weight, the powder weight, the particle adsorption water amount obtained by multiplying the particle weight by the above-mentioned limit relative adsorption water rate, and the powder adsorption water amount obtained by multiplying the above-mentioned powder weight by the above-mentioned capillary region water content. The first kneading is carried out under conditions where the basic flowing water amount is zero, and then the liquid is mixed according to the basic flowing water amount and the correlated flowing water amount determined from the fluidity and other characteristic values required for the target kneaded product. 1. A method for preparing a mixture of liquid, powder, and granules, characterized by performing secondary kneading by adding. 10. Based on the liquid, powder, and granules according to claim 9, in which the basic flowing water amount is determined as the inter-granular porosity in an absolutely dry state and corrected by the amount of fine particles with respect to the granules used in the kneaded product. Method for preparing mixtures. 11. A mixture of liquid, powder, and granules according to claim 9, in which the basic flowing water amount with respect to the intergranular porosity in an absolutely dry state is determined by a regression curve using a logarithmic regression equation or an exponential-logarithmic regression equation. Adjustment method. 12. Claim 10, in which the relationship between the basic flowing water amount and the intergranular porosity is expressed as a constant expression, and this constant expression is used to determine and knead the blending relationship to obtain the desired mixture properties. A method for preparing a mixture using liquid, powder, and granules according to any one of Item 12. 13. Powder such as cement, fly ash, slag powder, clay, sand, granular slag, artificial fine aggregate, glass spheres and other granules, water and other liquids, as well as coarse aggregate or lumps such as gravel, crushed stone, etc. When preparing a mixture in which powder is added, the critical relative adsorption water content of the granules in the mixture is determined with respect to the most dense packing obtained by compaction-packing the mixture, and the water content in the capillary region of the powder is determined. From the weight per unit volume of the closest-packed packing described above, calculate the particle weight and powder weight, and the particle adsorption water amount obtained by multiplying the particle weight by the limit relative adsorption water rate, and the powder weight by the capillary area. The basic flowing water amount, which is obtained by subtracting the powder adsorption water amount multiplied by the water content, is determined as the porosity of the completely dry granules, the porosity of the agglomerates is determined, and the porosity and slump value of the agglomerates are plotted. A method for preparing mixtures of liquids, powders and granules characterized by obtaining the correlation between the two. 14. Perform the first kneading under conditions where the basic flowing water amount is zero, and then use the basic flowing water amount and the correlated flowing water amount determined from the fluidity and other characteristic values required for the target kneaded product. 14. The method for preparing a mixture of liquid, powder, and granules according to claim 13, wherein a liquid is added to perform secondary kneading. 15. Any one of claims 13 and 14, in which the granules used in the kneaded material are corrected by the amount of fine particles.
Basic flow rate measurement method for mixtures of liquids, powders, and granules as described in .