JPS6036811A - Atomizer for liquid fuel burner - Google Patents
Atomizer for liquid fuel burnerInfo
- Publication number
- JPS6036811A JPS6036811A JP58204974A JP20497483A JPS6036811A JP S6036811 A JPS6036811 A JP S6036811A JP 58204974 A JP58204974 A JP 58204974A JP 20497483 A JP20497483 A JP 20497483A JP S6036811 A JPS6036811 A JP S6036811A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- duct
- mixer
- central duct
- fuel
- atomized
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims description 8
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000006693 Cassia laevigata Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000522641 Senna Species 0.000 description 2
- 229940124513 senna glycoside Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D1/00—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel
- F23D1/005—Burners for combustion of pulverulent fuel burning a mixture of pulverulent fuel delivered as a slurry, i.e. comprising a carrying liquid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
- B05B7/04—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge
- B05B7/0416—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid
- B05B7/0441—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber
- B05B7/0475—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with arrangements for mixing liquids or other fluent materials before discharge with arrangements for mixing one gas and one liquid with one inner conduit of liquid surrounded by an external conduit of gas upstream the mixing chamber with means for deflecting the peripheral gas flow towards the central liquid flow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
- B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
- B05B7/08—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point
- B05B7/0892—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point the outlet orifices for jets constituted by a liquid or a mixture containing a liquid being disposed on a circle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/10—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour
- F23D11/101—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet
- F23D11/102—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying being induced by a gaseous medium, e.g. water vapour medium and fuel meeting before the burner outlet in an internal mixing chamber
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
- Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
- Nozzles (AREA)
- Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、液体燃料バーナー用噴霧器(て関し、特に、
高粘度の液体燃料のためのバーナーや、例えば、高粘度
を有するコールタールと燃料油或はコールタールと水の
ような2つの異なる混合に適した噴霧器であり、いずれ
の鴨合にも、噴霧気体として空気又は蒸気を使用するも
の1(関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an atomizer for a liquid fuel burner, in particular:
A burner for liquid fuels with high viscosity and an atomizer suitable for mixing two different mixtures, such as coal tar and fuel oil or coal tar and water, which have high viscosity, and are suitable for both types of atomization. 1 (related to) that uses air or steam as the gas.
ある公知の液体燃料の噴霧器は、”Y−ジェット″′噴
霧器として知られているように、燃料“内的混合″噴霧
器として知られているように、燃料と噴霧気体の間で控
えめなエネルギー交換を行うことが出来る。しかし、こ
れらの噴霧器の欠点は高粘度の液体燃料の噴霧化に適し
ていない点にある。Certain known liquid fuel atomizers utilize a modest energy exchange between the fuel and the atomizing gas, such as those known as "Y-jet" atomizers and known as fuel "internal mixing" atomizers. can be done. However, the disadvantage of these atomizers is that they are not suitable for atomizing highly viscous liquid fuels.
本発明((係る噴霧器は、燃料用中央ダクトとこの中央
ダクトに対し斜めに配置された複数の周辺ダクトとを有
する、燃料と噴霧気流を混合するための第1ミキサーと
、すでに第1ミキサー内で部分的に混合された燃料と噴
霧気流のための混合室と噴霧化された燃料を外部の火室
に送るための複数の通路を有する第2のミキサーとから
成っている。The present invention (such an atomizer comprises a first mixer for mixing the fuel and the atomizing air stream, having a central duct for the fuel and a plurality of peripheral ducts arranged obliquely with respect to this central duct, and already within the first mixer and a second mixer with a plurality of passages for conveying the atomized fuel to the external firebox.
更に詳しく説明すると、第1ミキサーの中の周辺ダクト
はそのインレットを外部装置の噴霧気体用ダクトの出口
の前におき、そのアウトレットを第1ミキサー自体の中
にある中央ダクト内に向けてアウトレットを配置させて
いる。周辺ダクトの勾配は中央ダクトの軸に対し35°
〜65°の範囲で設定されておシ、第1ミキサーの前面
に圧接された第2ミキサーは、中央ダクトのアウトレッ
トに同心円の状態でこれに向けられた室と、噴霧化され
た燃料を外部の火室に送るた゛めの複数の通路から成り
、この通路は、上記のアウトレットの反対側の壁に取り
伺けられ、各通路の軸は中央ダクトの軸に対し200〜
45゜以内の角度で傾いている。More specifically, the peripheral duct in the first mixer has its inlet in front of the outlet of the atomizing gas duct of the external device, and its outlet directed into the central duct in the first mixer itself. It is placed. The slope of the peripheral duct is 35° to the axis of the central duct
A second mixer, set in the range of ~65° and pressed against the front of the first mixer, has a chamber concentrically directed towards the outlet of the central duct and directs the atomized fuel to the outside. It consists of several passages for feeding into the firebox of the central duct, which are cut into the wall opposite the said outlet, the axis of each passage being at a distance of 200 to 200 mm with respect to the axis of the central duct.
It is tilted at an angle of less than 45 degrees.
噴霧器の各部品のサイズは、燃料や噴霧気体の性質や、
これらが圧縮される圧力に依り、実験によって状遊され
る。The size of each part of the atomizer depends on the nature of the fuel and atomizing gas,
Depending on the pressure at which these are compressed, their shape is determined by experiment.
この発明に係る噴N器の良さは、第1ミキサー内での高
度の交換エネルギーにより混合されたのち、第2ミキサ
ーで低い交換エネルギーで混合されるため、吹き出され
る燃料が非常にょく噴霧化され、ボイラーの火室の中で
、燃料が永続的に燃焼し、その燃焼効率が極めて高い点
にある。The advantage of the fuel injection unit according to the present invention is that the fuel is mixed with high exchange energy in the first mixer and then mixed with low exchange energy in the second mixer, so that the blown fuel is very easily atomized. The fuel burns permanently in the boiler's firebox, and its combustion efficiency is extremely high.
本発明を実施例として示す図面に従ってより詳細に下記
の通り説明する。The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings, which are shown by way of example.
第1図は、噴霧器1を示し、この噴霧器1は、外部の装
置2に嵌められ、装置2は、液体燃料を送るためのダク
ト3と噴霧気流を送るためのダクト4から成る。このダ
クト4は装置2の室5と通路6でもって連通している。FIG. 1 shows an atomizer 1 which is fitted into an external device 2, which device 2 consists of a duct 3 for conveying liquid fuel and a duct 4 for conveying an atomizing air stream. This duct 4 communicates with a chamber 5 of the device 2 by a passage 6.
噴霧器1は、装置2のねじに螺合するリングナンド7に
よって装置2に圧接されている。The atomizer 1 is pressed against the device 2 by means of a ring nut 7 which is screwed into the screw of the device 2.
噴霧器1は、ダクト3と連通し且つ同軸となった中央ダ
クト9と、このダクト9を取り巻く複数の周辺ダクト’
IO’を有する第1ミキサーを有し、周辺ダク) 1
0は、そのインレットが室5に向けられており、そのア
ウトレットは中央ダクト9の内側に向けられている。周
辺ダク) 10の各軸と中央ダクト9の軸(図上A−A
で示す)は大口60°の角度αを為して交っている。そ
して、また、第2ミキザー11は、室12及び壁13を
有しており、室12の開口は″、中心を同じくして中央
ダクト9に向けられており、壁13は、複数の通路14
に有し、各通路14の軸と中央ダクトのA−A線の軸と
は大口2o0の角度βとなっている。The sprayer 1 includes a central duct 9 that communicates with the duct 3 and is coaxial with the duct 3, and a plurality of peripheral ducts surrounding the duct 9.
having a first mixer with IO' and a peripheral duct) 1
0 has its inlet directed into the chamber 5 and its outlet directed inside the central duct 9. Peripheral duct) 10 axes and central duct 9 axis (A-A on the diagram)
) intersect at an angle α of 60°. The second mixer 11 also has a chamber 12 and a wall 13, the opening of the chamber 12 being co-centered and facing the central duct 9, and the wall 13 having a plurality of passages 14.
The axis of each passage 14 and the axis of line A-A of the central duct form an angle β of 2o0.
第2図は、装置2の前端面を示しておシ、そこに、室5
、通路6、リングナンド7及びダクト3が示されている
。FIG. 2 shows the front end of the device 2, in which a chamber 5 is shown.
, a passageway 6, a ring ring 7 and a duct 3 are shown.
第3図は、第1ミキサー8の側端面が示されており、こ
こで、中央ダクト9、リングナツト7、複数の周辺ダク
ト10が示されている。FIG. 3 shows a side end face of the first mixer 8, in which the central duct 9, the ring nut 7 and a plurality of peripheral ducts 10 are shown.
第4図は、噴霧器1を前方からみた図であり、そこに、
第2ミキサー11、リングナツト7、壁13に形成され
た複数の通路14が示されている。FIG. 4 is a view of the sprayer 1 seen from the front, where:
A plurality of passages 14 formed in the second mixer 11, the ring nut 7 and the wall 13 are shown.
第1図はまた各部品の寸法を示しており、中央ダクト9
の直径D1は約11 mm、周辺ダクト10の直径は約
3.5 wn、中央ダクト9の長さLlは約14媚、室
12の直径D2は約20 mm ’tその長さL2は約
30凧、通路14の直径d2は約4 mm sその長さ
は約6喘である。Figure 1 also shows the dimensions of each part and shows the central duct 9.
The diameter D1 of the chamber 12 is about 11 mm, the diameter of the peripheral duct 10 is about 3.5 mm, the length Ll of the central duct 9 is about 14 mm, the diameter D2 of the chamber 12 is about 20 mm, and its length L2 is about 30 mm. The diameter d2 of the kite passage 14 is approximately 4 mm s, and its length approximately 6 mm.
以上の本発明は、約9に!/平方センナの圧力下でダク
ト3を通って圧送されるコールタール燃料や、約1]、
kp/平方センナの圧力下でダクト4を通って圧送され
る噴霧化気体の如き空気に適している。The above invention is about 9! Coal tar fuel pumped through duct 3 under pressure of Senna/senna or about 1],
It is suitable for air as an atomizing gas to be pumped through the duct 4 under a pressure of kp/sq.
【図面の簡単な説明】
第1図は、本発明に係る噴霧器の断面図、第2−′図は
、第1図のX−X線断面図、第3図は、第1図のY−Y
線断面図、第4図は第1図のFからみた図である。
1・・・噴霧器 2・・・装置
3・・・ダクト 4・・ダクト
5・・・室 6・・・通路
7・・・リングナツト 8・・・第1ミキサー9・・・
中央ダク) 10・・・周辺ダクト11・・・第2ミキ
サー 12・・・室12・・・壁 14・・・通路
特許出願人 エンテ・ナチョナーレ・パー・ル・エネル
ジア・エレトリカ
代理人 弁理士 加 藤 恒 久[BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS] FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the sprayer according to the present invention, FIG. 2-' is a sectional view taken along the line X-X in FIG. Y
The line sectional view, FIG. 4, is a view taken from F in FIG. 1... Sprayer 2... Device 3... Duct 4... Duct 5... Chamber 6... Passage 7... Ring nut 8... First mixer 9...
(Central duct) 10... Peripheral duct 11... Second mixer 12... Chamber 12... Wall 14... Passage Patent applicant Ente Nationale Par Energia Eletrica Agent Patent attorney Ka Tsunehisa Fuji
Claims (1)
噴霧気流が斜め方向に吹き込むよう中央ダクト周辺に配
置した複数の周辺ダクトとを有する燃料と噴霧気流を混
合するための第1ミキサーと、第1ミキサー内ですでに
部分的に混合された噴霧気流を更に混合する室と該室内
で噴霧化された燃料を外部の火室内に送り込む複数の通
路とを有する第2ミキサーから成ることを特徴とする液
体燃料バーナー用噴霧器。 2 第1ミキサーの周辺ダクトのインレットが外部装置
の噴霧気体のダクトの出口に連通し、そのアウトレット
が中央ダクト内に通じており、中央ダクトの軸に対し周
辺ダクトの勾配が35°〜65°となっており、また、
第2ミキサーが、前記第1ミキサーの中央ダクトのアウ
トレットに同心円状に対向する室と、噴霧化された燃料
を外部の火室に送る複数の通路を有し、この各通路の軸
が中央ダクトの軸((対し20°〜45°の角度で斜め
に交わっていることを特徴とする特許請求の範囲第1項
の液体燃料バーナー用噴霧器。[Claims] 1. A system for mixing fuel and atomized airflow, which has a central duct through which the fuel passes and a plurality of peripheral ducts arranged around the central duct so that the atomized airflow obliquely blows into the central duct. a first mixer; a second mixer having a chamber for further mixing the atomized air stream already partially mixed in the first mixer; and a plurality of passages for conveying the fuel atomized in the chamber into an external firebox; A sprayer for a liquid fuel burner, characterized in that it consists of: 2 The inlet of the peripheral duct of the first mixer communicates with the outlet of the atomizing gas duct of the external device, the outlet leads into the central duct, and the peripheral duct has an inclination of 35° to 65° with respect to the axis of the central duct. And also,
A second mixer has a chamber concentrically opposed to the outlet of the central duct of the first mixer and a plurality of passages for conveying atomized fuel to an external firebox, each passage having an axis extending from the central duct. 2. The atomizer for a liquid fuel burner according to claim 1, wherein the atomizer intersects obliquely at an angle of 20° to 45° with respect to the axis (().
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT19729/83A IT1161905B (en) | 1983-02-24 | 1983-02-24 | ATOMIZER FOR LIQUID FUEL BURNER |
XX19729A/83 | 1983-02-24 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS6036811A true JPS6036811A (en) | 1985-02-26 |
JPH0459524B2 JPH0459524B2 (en) | 1992-09-22 |
Family
ID=11160713
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP58204974A Granted JPS6036811A (en) | 1983-02-24 | 1983-11-02 | Atomizer for liquid fuel burner |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0117472B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS6036811A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE34445T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3471360D1 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1161905B (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6321408A (en) * | 1986-07-14 | 1988-01-29 | イ−エヌイ−エル−エンテ・ナチオナ−レ・パ−・ル・エネルジア・エレトリカ | Improved atomizer for liquid fuel burner |
JP2009014288A (en) * | 2007-07-06 | 2009-01-22 | Hokkaido Olympia Kk | Burner device |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3442148A1 (en) * | 1984-11-17 | 1986-05-28 | L. & C. Steinmüller GmbH, 5270 Gummersbach | SPRAYER NOZZLE WITH FITTED DISTRIBUTOR CAP TO REDUCE NITROGEN EMISSION WHEN BURNING LIQUID FUELS |
DE3776405D1 (en) * | 1986-05-07 | 1992-03-12 | Hitachi Ltd | SPRAYER AND EQUIPED COAL-WATER SLUDGE BOILER. |
US4819878A (en) * | 1987-07-14 | 1989-04-11 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Dual fluid atomizer |
GB9522336D0 (en) * | 1995-11-01 | 1996-01-03 | Benest Roger S | Agricultural and horticultural spraying systems |
DE19904395A1 (en) * | 1999-02-04 | 2000-08-17 | Steinmueller Gmbh L & C | Atomizer nozzle uses atomization gas acting on liquid fuel and central fuel feed channel ringed around by atomization gas feed channel, with mixture chamber connecting to fuel feed channel |
JP5678598B2 (en) * | 2010-11-17 | 2015-03-04 | 株式会社Ihi | Burner and oil spray tip manufacturing method |
FR2984995A1 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2013-06-28 | Air Liquide | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR SPRAYING COMBUSTIBLE LIQUID |
CN103115359B (en) * | 2012-12-15 | 2015-04-08 | 中国航天科技集团公司第六研究院第十一研究所 | Gas-assisted atomizing nozzle of atomization hyperviscous fluid |
US11161128B2 (en) | 2017-11-14 | 2021-11-02 | General Electric Company | Spray nozzle device for delivering a restorative coating through a hole in a case of a turbine engine |
US11534780B2 (en) | 2017-11-14 | 2022-12-27 | General Electric Company | Spray nozzle device for delivering a restorative coating through a hole in a case of a turbine engine |
CN107837595A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-03-27 | 和氟微孔滤芯科技(苏州)有限公司 | A kind of millipore filter atomizing sprayer |
CN108580076A (en) * | 2018-04-28 | 2018-09-28 | 北京航天发射技术研究所 | A kind of atomization nozzle and the atomization nozzle using the atomization nozzle |
CN114278935B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2024-06-07 | 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 | Burner, burner module comprising same and heating device |
IT202200010448A1 (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2023-11-19 | Dls Lab Srl | NEBULIZER DEVICE |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS49107726U (en) * | 1972-12-31 | 1974-09-13 | ||
JPS5534423U (en) * | 1978-08-29 | 1980-03-05 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
USRE24771E (en) * | 1960-01-19 | Vaporizing and mixing unit | ||
US2149115A (en) * | 1936-11-27 | 1939-02-28 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Oil burner |
GB534638A (en) * | 1939-09-08 | 1941-03-12 | David Robertson Bruce | Improvements in and relating to liquid fuel burners of the injection type |
US2879948A (en) * | 1956-04-18 | 1959-03-31 | Alfred F Seibel | Fuel and gaseous mixing unit |
US3650476A (en) * | 1968-01-16 | 1972-03-21 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Liquid fuel burner |
US3913845A (en) * | 1972-12-31 | 1975-10-21 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind | Multihole fuel injection nozzle |
-
1983
- 1983-02-24 IT IT19729/83A patent/IT1161905B/en active
- 1983-11-02 JP JP58204974A patent/JPS6036811A/en active Granted
-
1984
- 1984-02-13 DE DE8484101430T patent/DE3471360D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-02-13 AT AT84101430T patent/ATE34445T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-02-13 EP EP84101430A patent/EP0117472B1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS49107726U (en) * | 1972-12-31 | 1974-09-13 | ||
JPS5534423U (en) * | 1978-08-29 | 1980-03-05 |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6321408A (en) * | 1986-07-14 | 1988-01-29 | イ−エヌイ−エル−エンテ・ナチオナ−レ・パ−・ル・エネルジア・エレトリカ | Improved atomizer for liquid fuel burner |
JP2009014288A (en) * | 2007-07-06 | 2009-01-22 | Hokkaido Olympia Kk | Burner device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH0459524B2 (en) | 1992-09-22 |
EP0117472A3 (en) | 1985-05-22 |
EP0117472A2 (en) | 1984-09-05 |
ATE34445T1 (en) | 1988-06-15 |
DE3471360D1 (en) | 1988-06-23 |
EP0117472B1 (en) | 1988-05-18 |
IT8319729A0 (en) | 1983-02-24 |
IT1161905B (en) | 1987-03-18 |
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