JPS60251180A - Method of bonding ceramic member and metal member - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Technical Field of the Invention] The present invention relates to a method of joining a ceramic member and a metal member. In particular, the present invention relates to a method of joining a ceramic member and a metal member, which is suitable for joining a ceramic rotating body and a metal shaft used in a turbocharger gas turbine, an excavation drill, etc.

[Background technology]

Rotating bodies used in turbochargers, gas turbines, drills, etc. are exposed to harsh operating conditions such as high temperatures, high speed rotation (turbochargers, gas turbines, etc.), and rotational wear (drills, etc.). Turbochargers, gas turbines, etc.) and tool steels (drills, etc.) have been used.

However, recently, high-strength ceramics such as Sl, N, and 810 have been developed, and there is a growing movement to use them in the above-mentioned rotating bodies with the aim of improving performance and extending life by improving heat resistance, wear resistance, etc. It has become. On the other hand, the shaft that is connected to the rotating body cannot be made of ceramic, which is a brittle material because of the repeated bending stress that occurs during rotation, and metal materials such as carbon steel are used. It has become necessary to firmly join the metal shaft to the metal shaft.

However, Mo-Mn metal brazing is a method of joining ceramics and metals that has traditionally been used for electrical parts, etc. (after metallizing Mo and Mn powders on the ceramic surface, metal and metal brazing) Methods such as bonding, adhesives, and shrink fitting cannot be used under severe usage conditions, and it is necessary to develop a bonding method that has even higher strength and reliability.

In view of this, the present inventors have already proposed a method of using an insert material as a means for firmly joining ceramics and preventing cracks in the ceramics, particularly as a method for joining ceramics and metals.

That is, as insert materials, N1 and metal oxide,
Nitride or carbide, or one using O and metal oxide, nitride or carbide (Patent application No. 58-23798)
(see No. 6), or 0ulO, NIO, 510g
, Fed, Mu10. Mo14O3, MoO, 710B
.

ZnO, Aug, 0r20B, Coo, Zr01
．． Tag, WOI, NbO.

Any one of MyO, Cab, y, o, and Cu,
Ml.

8 Otori, Fe, Mu2. Mut, MO, TI, Zn, A
u, Or, Co, Zr.

Those using a composite insert containing any one of Ta, W, Wb, and Mt (Japanese Patent Application No. 58-2588)
(See No. 18). Then, after the insert material is closely fixed to the ceramic bonding surface by ion blasting or thermal spraying, it is subjected to heating reaction acceleration treatment to form a strong metallurgical bond with the metal.

The present inventors have completed the present invention as a result of extensive research into the bonding of ceramics and metals, particularly the bonding between ceramic rotary bodies and metal shafts.

[Object of the present invention]

That is, the present invention is characterized by providing a means for strongly joining a ceramic member and a metal member. In particular, the present invention provides a means for joining a ceramic rotating body and a metal shaft. The object of the present invention is to provide a method for joining a ceramic member and a metal member that has high strength and high reliability and can withstand severe rotation.

[Configuration of the present invention]

As a means for achieving the above object, the present invention is configured such that the joint portion of the ceramic member is formed into a cylindrical shape with a spherical tip, and a metal pipe is fitted into the joint portion and joined to the joint portion. . That is, the present invention provides a method for joining a ceramic member and a metal member, in which the joint portion of the ceramic member is made into a cylindrical shape, the tip portion is made into a spherical shape, and the inner diameter is made slightly larger, and the end portion is made into a cylindrical shape. A closed metal pipe is inserted into the container, this is sealed together with pressure medium powder in an autoclave, and diffusion welding is performed by heating and pressurizing the pipe.
This method of joining a ceramic member and a metal member is characterized in that the pipe and the metal member are then welded.

When joining a ceramic member and a metal member as described above, ■ IJl and metal oxide, nitride or carbide, or O and metal oxide are added to the inner surface of the joint □ member of the ceramic member or the metal pipe. substance, nitride or carbide, ■ 0u2
0. NIo, 8101. Fed, Aye, A
14OB, MOO.

Tl0I, ZnO,, AuO, 0rlO1, Cab,
Zr01. Tag.

Any one of WO2, NbO, MyO, OaO, %OB
Tsuto, Ou, Ml, 81. Fs, Q, Mut, Mo, TI
, zn, Au.

cr, Co, Zr, Ta, 'w, N'b,
A preferred embodiment is to coat a mixture of any one of My, Ml, Ou, and Cr as an insert material.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail based on FIGS. 1 to 4, taking as an example the joining of a ceramic rotating body and a metal shaft. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and Naturally, the present invention also includes the case where a ceramic stationary structure other than a rotating body is bonded to a metal member.

FIG. 1 shows a process diagram for joining a ceramic rotating body and a metal pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 shows a pressurizing process during the same joining, and FIG. FIG. 4 shows the process of working the end face of a metal pipe when joining the metal shaft to the metal pipe, and FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the process of joining the pipe and the metal shaft.

1 is 81zM4, 810. ZrO2, Mu140s
etc., 2 is Kovar (?e-Nl-
○ O alloy), carbon steel, stainless steel, N1 alloy, etc., a metal pipe with one end closed, 5 is the R part that transitions to the joint part of the ceramic rotating body, 4 is the ceramic cylindrical part that becomes the joint part, 5 is a spherical part provided at the tip of a ceramic cylinder that will become a joint, 7 is a container made of stainless steel, carbon steel, etc., and 8 is a ceramic powder such as ZrO2 or plaster that transmits three-dimensional pressing force to the joint. It is a pressure medium such as

Note that 6 indicates welding to ensure airtightness inside and outside the container.

In the present invention, first, as shown in FIG. 1, a ceramic rotating body 1 and a metal pipe 2 are made to face each other, and the two are pressed together. At that time, the cylindrical part 4 and the spherical part 50 part or the vibrator 2
The inner surface of the insert is coated with the above-described composite insert or insert material.

In addition, the gap X between the cylindrical part 4, which is the joint part of the rotating body 1 made of Serakitsu, and the metal pipe 2 is [LD] 1m to α2m (if it is less than α01, it is difficult to insert the mating,
For 1W or more, the pressure medium 5 is
This is to prevent the powder from entering the bonding surface and inhibiting the bonding.) Next, the cylindrical portion 4 and the bip 2 which are tightly bonded in this way are
and are set in the center of a metal container 7 as shown in FIG. After compressing and packing the powder of the pressure medium 8 around it, the upper end of the container 7 is covered and the inside is sealed by welding 6.

Thereafter, this is heated and pressurized in an autoclave to join the ceramic cylindrical portion 4 and the metal pipe 2. At that time, the construction conditions are heating temperature of 500℃ or more and 1400℃ or less,
The pressure should be α1 kg/w” or more and 20 kg/■3 or less, and the time should be 5 minutes or more and 5 hours or less. Under conditions below the lower limits of each value, the reactivity of the ceramic rotating body 1 and the metal pipe 2 is low. This is because bonding defects are likely to occur, and if it exceeds the upper limit, the cost will increase, and there will be no contribution to improving bonding performance.In addition, if the pressurizing force is low, the contact and adhesion between the metal pipe 2 and the ceramic cylindrical portion 4 will be poor. Does not occur.

Through this heat treatment in the autoclave, the metal pipe 2 is firmly joined to the ceramic cylinder 4 and the spherical part 5 provided at its tip, as shown in FIG. It is machined to have the same diameter as the portion 4.

After this, as shown in Figure 4, carbon steel, stainless steel,
) A welded portion 11 is formed between the metal shaft 10 made of Jt alloy or the like and the metal vibrator 2 by electron beam welding, laser welding, TIG welding, etc., and the joining and assembly are completed.

In principle, the above-mentioned insert material is used for the joint, but if the operating conditions are relatively gentle,
, Ou, C! It is also possible to coat the substrate with a material such as r by vapor deposition, plating, or the like, and direct bonding is also possible without using an insert material.

Also, in Fig. 2, one member is inserted into the metal container 114-J.
-1411 small = 1 i 1 hef”? It goes without saying that insertions may be made as many times as \V company μ-m.

As described above, the present invention provides a joint in which the part of the ceramic rotating body 1 that becomes the joint part is a cylindrical part 4, the tip thereof is a spherical part 5, and the metal pipe 2 is fitted to this joint part. By adopting the shape and pressurizing the metal container 7 containing the member shown in FIG. 2 with gas pressure in an autoclave in a three-dimensional direction under heating, the metal pipe 2
is plastically deformed and tightly adheres to the ceramic cylindrical portion 4, resulting in a strong diffusion welded joint. In particular, by providing a spherical part at the tip of the ceramic cylindrical part 4, the joint part of the ceramic rotating body 1 has no sharp corners, and all of the joint parts have a large and gentle radius.
When the rotating body 1 is in full operation, there is no stress concentration area on the ceramic, and the risk of cracking and damage to the ceramic is drastically reduced.

That is, only by using a cylindrical fit-in joint with a spherical tip as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 above and applying three-dimensional pressure under heating can uniform pressure be applied to all joint surfaces.
It is possible to obtain a high-strength joint and a good diffusion welded joint with excellent ceramic breakage resistance.By applying five-dimensional pressure, the ceramic rotating body 1, the metal pipe 2, and their joints can be bonded together. Since uniform pressure is applied, damage due to uneven pressure on the parts does not occur.In other words, this pressurization is caused by the gas pressure in the autoclave being transmitted to the powder in the metal container, and then to the joints and parts. In addition, by using the above-mentioned insert material proposed by the present inventors in this joint, a high-strength joint can be obtained.This is because the ceramic in the insert material The ceramic rotating body 1 is diffusion-bonded mainly through ionic or covalent bonds, while the metal in the insert material is diffusion-bonded to the metal pipe 2 through metal bonding, and a good bond is achieved.

On the other hand, in the case of Ml, 'Ou, Or inserts and direct bonding, the trace oxides present on the surfaces of these metals are different from the constituent oxides in the case of oxide-based ceramic rotating bodies, and in the case of non-oxide-based ceramic rotating bodies. These metals and metal pipes are bonded by reacting with the oxides contained as sintering aids, and the bonding between these metals and metal pipes is easily accomplished. Objects are pressurized)
(partially destroyed, forming a strong diffusion bond with exposed clean metal surfaces).

After the heating and pressurization in the autoclave is completed, it is cooled, and during the cooling process, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the ceramic cylinder part (813M4.sic...3~4X10.7').

h14o, , zro -...7~ax 1o'/℃
) is the thermal expansion coefficient of metal pipe (carbon steel...12X1
0″/℃.

Stainless steel...17 x 10-/'C, Nl
Alloy...12X10-''/℃, Kovar...5
Since the metal pipe is smaller than the ceramic cylinder, it is cooled while being in close contact with the ceramic. That is, no peeling force is generated on the joint surfaces, but on the contrary, force acts in the direction of adhesion and cooling, resulting in an excellent joint. This is one of the major effects of the joint of the present invention in which a metal pipe is disposed on the outer surface.

Shrink fit bonding is similar to bonding by heating and pressurizing in an autoclave; It is difficult to apply a large amount of pressure, and it is impossible to perform sufficient diffusion bonding.
Although the ceramic has a disadvantage that it is easily damaged at the boundary between the part where pressure stress is applied and the part where it is not applied, the present invention can solve all of these incompatibilities.

When the metal-vibrator is joined to the ceramic rotating body as described above, the metal shaft can be welded using a normal welding method, and the entire joining process is completed.

Although the present invention has been described in detail above, the present invention will be explained in more detail by giving specific examples of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the following specific examples 1 to 6 of the present invention, and is a schematic dimensional diagram of a ceramic rotating body and a metal pipe.

[Specific Example 1] - Example using Oul O+Ou as insert material - As test materials, a rotating body of MU 140s, a pipe of 13%OrMO steel, and a shaft of MIOrMO steel were used.

The diameter of the rotating body is 30 mm, and the cylindrical part of the joint is 15 mm.
The end part has a spherical shape with a diameter of 15-1, and the joint part (cylindrical part and spherical tip part) is made of cu, o + ou (Ouz O in weight%). /C!
uz2o/80) was subjected to PVD:ff-ting.

The 15% or steel pipe has an inner diameter of 1aQ5mφ (D), an outer diameter of 19.03-φ (IC), and a length of 25 m (P) (the end has a solid part with a wall thickness of 3 mm).

After pressing the two together, insert it into the center of the 1-thick 8841 container, and seal the gypsum powder around it.
A 1-thick 8841 waist cover was placed over the waist and the surrounding area was sealed and welded.

Then, it was placed in an autoclave and heated to 1050°C, gas pressure 500, kl//am”
, three-dimensional pressure diffusion welding was performed with a heating and holding time of 2 hours.

As a result, a joint made of Mu40g-13Cr steel with no non-joint parts and good joint performance was obtained. After that, 1
A shaft of 5qlror steel and NICrMO steel was welded together by electron beam welding to obtain a predetermined rotating structure. Finally, the rotary structure was subjected to a rotation test, and it was found that good rotation performance was obtained and a highly reliable joint was formed.

[Specific Example 2] - Example using N, 10 + old as insert material - As the test material, 81. An N4 rotating body, a Kovar pipe, and a NiCrMo steel shaft were used. The rotating body has a diameter of 50 m (mm), and the cylindrical part of the joint has a diameter of 15 mm (B).
), the length is 20 gourds (C), the end part has a spherical shape with a diameter of 15-φ, and the part that becomes the joint (the cylinder part and the spherical tip part are old 0-1-N1 (NIO/nt in weight%) = 20/
80) was PVD coated. Kovar's pipe has an inner diameter of 1 degree 03-φ (D) and an outer diameter of 19,03 mφ (l
it), length 2311 m (F) (the ends have a solid part with a wall thickness of 3 -).

After pressing the two together, insert it into the center of the 1-thick 811141 container, enclose the ZrOH powder around it, cover it with the 1-thick B841 waist cover, and wrap the 7-thickness around it. Welded. Next, this was placed in an autoclave and heated to 1150°C, and the gas pressure was increased to 1500 kg 7
three-dimensional pressure diffusion welding was performed with a heating and holding time of 2 hours.

As a result, there is no non-joint part and the joint performance is good.
A lil, N4-Kovar joint was obtained. Thereafter, the Kovar and M l (! rMo steel shafts were welded by electron beam welding to obtain a predetermined rotating structure.

Finally, the rotary structure was subjected to a rotation test, and it was found that good rotation performance was obtained and a highly reliable joint was formed.

[Specific Example 3] - Example using N1 as insert material - As test materials, an 811N40 rotating body, 7 tubes of coil, and a shaft of NiN10r steel were used. The rotating body had a diameter of 1111 ( A), the cylindrical part of the joint part is 15
8φ (B), length 20m (0), end diameter 15mm
It has a spherical shape of φ, and the parts that will become the joint (cylindrical part and spherical tip part) are coated with Ml by PVD. Kovar pipe has an inner diameter of 15.03-1 (D) and an outer diameter of 19.0
It has a diameter of 5 wm (B) and a length of 25 mm (F) (the end portion has a solid portion with a wall thickness of 3 mm).

After the two were pressed together, the container was inserted into the center of a B841 container with a thickness of 1 wI, Zr01 powder was sealed around it, and an 8841 waist cover with a thickness of 1-1 mm was placed over the container, and the periphery was sealed and welded.

Next, this was placed in an autoclave, heated to 1250° C., and three-dimensional pressure diffusion welding was performed at a gas pressure of 1500 kg/am” and a heating holding time of 2 hours.

As a result, there are no non-joint parts and the joint performance is good.
1. A N4-Kovar joint was obtained. At that time, the Kovar and the shaft of LlorMo steel were welded by electron beam welding to obtain a predetermined rotating structure. Finally, the rotary structure was subjected to a rotation test, and it was found that good rotation performance was obtained and a highly reliable joint was formed.

[Specific Example 4] - Example using Ou as insert material - A4030 rotating body was used instead of the test material (811N4 rotating body) in Specific Example 3, and Ou was used instead of N1.
The procedure was the same as in Example 3, except that the material was used as the insert material and the heating temperature of the autoclave was changed from 1250°C to 1050°C, and the same results were obtained.

[Specific Example 5] - Example using Cr as the insert material - A StC rotating body was used instead of the test material (81, N, rotating body) in Specific Example 3, and Or was used as the insert material instead of the target material. The procedure was the same as in Specific Example 3 except that it was used as , and the same results were obtained.

[Specific Example 6] - Example not using insert material - As test materials, 810 rotating body, copal knob, M10rM
An O steel shaft was used. The diameter of the rotating body is so wn
(A), the cylindrical part of the joint part is 155mφ (B), length 2
01111 (0), and the end portion has a spherical shape with a diameter of 15Wφ. Copal pipe has an inner diameter of 15.03-φ
(D), outer diameter 1903■φ (E), length 231111I
(F) (The end has a solid part with a wall thickness of 5wxr)
It is.

After the two were directly pressed together, it was inserted into the center of an 8841 container with a thickness of 1 m, and after sealing gypsum powder around it, the 8841 waist cover with a thickness of 111 II was covered and the surrounding area was sealed and welded. Next, this was placed in an autoclave, heated to 1100°C, and heated to 1500 kg of Ar gas pressure.
/tx", five-dimensional pressure diffusion welding was performed with a heating holding time of 1 hour.

As a result, there are no non-joint parts and good joint performance.
A tC-copal joint was obtained. Thereafter, the copal and NIOrMO steel shafts were welded by electron beam welding to obtain a predetermined rotating structure. Finally, the rotary structure was subjected to a rotation test, and it was found that good rotation performance was obtained and a highly reliable joint was formed.

[Effects of the present invention]

As described in detail above, the present invention provides a joint portion of a ceramic member having a cylindrical shape with a spherical tip, fitting a metal pipe thereto, joining the two by pressure, and then connecting the pipe and the metal member. Since the ceramic member and the metal member are bonded together, the ceramic member and the metal member can be firmly bonded. In particular, in the present invention, the joint part of the ceramic member has a cylindrical shape with a spherical tip, so that the joint part does not have sharp corners and has a shape with large and gentle rounded parts. As a result,
There is no stress concentration area on the ceramic, and there is an effect that the risk of cracking and damage of the ceramic member is drastically reduced.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 shows a process diagram for joining a ceramic rotating body and a metal pipe according to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 shows a pressurizing process during the same joining, and Fig. FIG. 4 shows the pipe end face processing process when joining the metal shaft to the pipe, and FIG. 4 shows the process of joining the pipe and the metal shaft. FIG. 5 is a schematic dimensional drawing of the ceramic rotating body and the metal pipe. 1... Rotating body 2... Pipe 5... R part 4... Cylindrical part 5... Spherical part 6... Welding 7... Container 8... Pressure medium 10... Shaft 11...Welding part Internal office reference number F 01
D 5104 7910-3G■Inventor Matsu 1
) Mitsuo 300 Tana, Sagamihara City Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Sagamihara Works

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) In the method of joining a ceramic member and a metal member, the joint portion of the ceramic member is made cylindrical, and
The tip part is made spherical, and the inner diameter is made slightly larger.
It is characterized by fitting a metal pipe with a closed end, sealing it in a container with pressure medium powder, heating and pressurizing it in an autoclave to perform diffusion welding, and then welding the pipe and the metal member. A method for joining a ceramic member and a metal member. (2) A patent claim for coating the joint surface of a ceramic member or the inner surface of a metal pipe with N1 and a metal oxide, nitride, or carbide, or Ou and a metal oxide, nitride, or carbide as an insert material. A method for joining a ceramic member and a metal member according to item 1. (3) Cujo, NIo, 8101, Peo on the joint surface of the ceramic member or the inner surface of the metal pipe.
, AfO. Mu740s, MOO, T10! e ZnO, Muo, 0
rlO1, Cod. Zr01. Tag, 'wo,, M'bO, MP,
, Cab, y, o, and Ou, M
l, sf,' Fe, AP, MU L, Mo. TI, Zn, Mu, Or, Co, Zr, Ta,
The method for joining a ceramic member and a metal member according to claim 1, which comprises coating a composite insert material containing any one of W, Nb, and MW. (4) The method for joining a ceramic member and a metal member according to claim 1, wherein the joint surface of the ceramic member or the inner surface of the metal pipe is coated with Ni, Ou, Or as an insert material.