JPH01141882A - Method for bonding ceramic to metallic member - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To firmly bond a ceramic to a metallic member without producing cracking, etc., by previously providing a protrudent root part having a groove on the bonding part of the ceramic, fitting the root part into the hole provided in the bonding part of the metallic member, and applying hot hydraulic press to fill the metallic member into the groove by a plastic flow. CONSTITUTION:The protrudent roof part 2 having a groove 3 is provided on the bonding part of the ceramic 1 (e.g., Al2O3 and ZrO2). The root part 2 is fitted into the hole 5 provided in the bonding part of the metallic member 4 (e.g., copper and aluminum). Hot isotactic press is then applied to plastic- deform the metallic member 4 and to fill the metallic member 4 into the groove 3 by a plastic flow, and the ceramic 1 and the metallic member 4 are bonded. By this method, for example, a ceramic rotor is firmly bonded to a metallic shaft, or a ceramic is bonded to the sliding part of a lock arm.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a method for joining ceramics and metal, and more specifically to a method for producing a crack-free and sound joint using plastic deformation of metal. .

(Conventional Technology) With the progress of industry and the development of technology, the need for materials with higher performance and functionality is increasing. In response to these demands, various new materials are being developed and researched for practical use. Ceramics are one of them, and are being considered for application in various fields by utilizing their excellent properties such as heat resistance, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance. However, ceramics have common drawbacks such as poor workability and brittleness, and these drawbacks often hinder the expansion of the range of use of ceramics.

Bonding composites with metals have been considered as a way to compensate for these shortcomings, and various research institutes are currently conducting research on this bonding method. As one of these methods, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-2
No. 00871, JP-A-60-200872,
As described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 60-204677, there is a method in which an intermediate layer that is easily bonded to a third ceramic is provided between the ceramic and the bonding metal, and the two are bonded via the intermediate layer. In addition, a serious problem in joining ceramics and metals is that fractures occur at the joint due to thermal stress caused by the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between ceramics and metals, but there are ways to alleviate this thermal stress. As described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 59-137378, slits etc. are provided on the joint surface to relieve thermal stress.
- As described in Publication No. 182282, thermal stress is alleviated by sandwiching a mixture of ceramic and metal components to be bonded or an intermediate layer in which the components of both are changed in stages between the ceramic and metal. A method is being considered. However, with these methods, it is necessary to process ceramics that have poor workability, and the process is also complicated. moreover,
Even when using an intermediate layer of a mixture, it is necessary that the intermediate layer is completely sintered and has satisfactory strength.
In this respect, component design may be difficult.

Furthermore, in JP-A No. 61-215272, when joining ceramics and metals, copper or a metal with a coefficient of thermal expansion between ceramics and metals is used as a thermal stress relaxation material, but these single-layer There may be cases where thermal stress is not sufficiently relaxed. Furthermore, methods using these intermediate layers are generally effective for plane bonding, but if the bonding surface is curved or has a complicated shape, there remain complex processes or difficulties in design.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) In view of the current situation, the present invention provides a method for firmly and easily joining ceramics with excellent heat resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, etc. to metal without cracking. .

(Means for Solving the Problems) As a result of various experimental studies in order to achieve the above object, the present inventors have developed a hot isostat method.
ic Press (abbreviated as old P hereafter) processing method, the plastic deformation of the metal is used to bite into the protruding root of the ceramic, thereby easily and firmly joining ceramics and metal parts. I found a way to do it. Furthermore, this method applies compressive stress to the ceramic, which can prevent the ceramic from cracking due to thermal stress.

The present invention has been made based on the above findings, and the gist of the invention is as described below.When joining ceramics and metal members, a grooved root portion is provided in advance at the joint of the ceramic to protrude. Keep it.

The root portion is fitted into a hole or groove provided in a joint portion of the metal member, and the metal member is plastically deformed by hot isostatic pressure treatment, whereby the metal member is poured into the groove by plastic flow and joined. The main feature lies in the method of joining ceramics and metal parts.

(effect) The present invention will be explained in detail below.

First, the bonding surface of the ceramic to be bonded to the metal member is fabricated by a method such as root processing for bonding. As shown in FIG. 1, a groove is provided in the root portion in a direction that is a hindrance to loads (pulling, rotation, etc.) applied to the joint portion. In Fig. 1, 1 is a bonding ceramic, 2 is a root provided in the bonding ceramic,
3 is a groove provided in the root portion. Figure 1 (a), (b)
), a tensile load is applied in the direction of arrow W, and the first
In the case of Figures (c) and (d), it is assumed that a load is applied in the rotational direction. Such a root portion may be produced by cutting, or it may be considered that it is provided in advance during sintering. Further, the shape of the ceramic body may be approximately the final required shape, and if necessary, the shape may be such that after HIP treatment, a machining allowance for removing dirt from the surface is estimated. In addition, the ceramics used for joining may be selected depending on the characteristics required for the joint to be manufactured, such as Al5o3
．． Examples include ZrO2 and Be01zrB2.

Next, as a method to strengthen the bond between ceramics and metal parts, we added a layer to the root surface of the ceramic that has good bonding properties with ceramics and that does not generate harmful reaction products during use in metal parts that bond with ceramics. coating metal. These metals include, for example, Cu,
Examples include Ti. The coating method may be a method generally used for coating ceramics, such as ion blasting or vacuum deposition.

Next, holes or grooves, etc., into which these roots can easily fit are made in the joining parts of the metal members to be joined. FIG. 2 shows an example of the shape of the joint between the metal member and the ceramic shown in FIG. In FIG. 2, 4 is a metal member, 5
is a hole in the ceramics into which the root can be inserted. Third
The figure shows a perspective view and a sectional view of the ceramic member 1 of FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b) assembled into the metal member 4 of FIG. 2. The material for this metal member may be any metal that has a plastic deformability that allows it to be poured into the root groove of the ceramic by plastic flow in the subsequent old P treatment, such as Cu, A1. Examples include Ni.

Next, this assembly is subjected to old P processing. In this case, it is necessary to evacuate the joint surface by vacuum sealing. As shown in FIG. 4, a vacuum sealing container is filled with a secondary pressure medium, the assembly is buried therein, and then the required vacuum sealing process is performed. In Fig. 4, 6 is a vacuum sealing container, 7 (Y2
Next, the pressure medium 8 is a vacuum degassing vibrator provided in the vacuum sealing container. As a secondary pressure medium, A1.03
, BN, and other ceramic powders that do not react under the subsequent old P treatment conditions are suitable. In addition, the material of the container for vacuum sealing must be sufficiently softened during the subsequent HIP treatment, be able to maintain airtightness, and must not react with the secondary pressure medium or the processed material.

In addition, the joining method used to produce this vacuum sealing container is as follows:
Any method that can sufficiently withstand deformation and maintain airtightness during the subsequent old P treatment is good. Furthermore, the vacuum sealing method may be a method in which a pipe 8 for vacuum sealing is provided in the container as shown in FIG. As shown, the vacuum sealing process may be performed by using a joining method used in final assembly of the container in a vacuum such as electron beam welding. In FIG. 5, reference numeral 9 indicates a joint made in vacuum by electron beam welding or the like.

The thus vacuum-sealed assembly is subjected to old P treatment. As for the treatment conditions, it is necessary to use temperature, pressure, and time necessary and sufficient for the metal member to plastically deform and flow into and fill the grooves provided in the ceramic. Further, in the case where the metal member is a Ti alloy having superplastic properties, the processing temperature is a temperature immediately above where the superplastic properties occur. Furthermore,
When coating the surface of ceramics, it is important to select a temperature and time that will allow the coating layer and ceramic to bond and diffuse into the metal of the coating layer or metal components in order to create a stronger bonded body. It is. For example, in the case of a combination of copper and Al2O:l, the temperature
If the pressure is kept at 1000 atmospheres for 1 hour, the copper will be plastically deformed enough to flow into and fill the grooves provided in the Al2O3. HI
The metal member softened during the P treatment process is plastically deformed by hydrostatic pressure, and flows into and fills the grooves provided in the ceramic. In addition, when the root part of the shape shown in Figure 1 is used, if the coefficient of thermal expansion of the metal is larger than the coefficient of thermal expansion of the ceramic after cooling to room temperature, compressive stress will be applied to the ceramic due to the difference in thermal expansion between the metal member and the ceramic. It is possible to prevent cracks from occurring in the ceramics.

After the 111P treatment, the joined body of the ceramic and metal member is taken out from the container, and the metal member is further processed into a required shape, thereby obtaining a joined body of the ceramic and metal member in the required shape.

Although the present description has been made regarding a joined body of rod-shaped members, the joining method according to the present invention can also be applied to, for example, when joining a cylindrical ceramic tube to a cylindrical metal tube. In this case, an annular root is protruded at the joint of the ceramic/cushion pipe,
An annular groove is provided at the joint of the metal tube. As described above, the present invention can be applied to any shape as long as it is a joined body of a ceramic member having a shape that allows a root portion to protrude from the joint portion and a metal member that allows a hole or groove to be provided.

(Example 1) FIG. 6 shows the shapes of the ceramic and metal members used in Example 1. In FIG. 6, 10 is A1 for bonding in this Example 1. 03.11 is oxygen-free copper in this Example 1. The ceramics used in this way were Al
2O, and the corresponding metal member is oxygen-free copper. Furthermore, at the same time, a test piece was also prepared in which the root of this ceramic was coated with Ti by ion blating. Conditions were set so that the thickness of the coating layer was approximately 1 to 2 gm.

These ceramics and metal members were combined as shown in FIG. 2, and embedded in Al2O3 powder with a grain size of 100 μI filled in a container of a mild steel section as shown in FIG. Thereafter, the container was sealed in a vacuum of 10-' Torr by electron beam welding, and vacuum encapsulation was performed.

Thereafter, the old P treatment was performed using A gas as a pressure medium under the treatment conditions of a treatment temperature of 800° C., a treatment pressure of 1000 atm, and a holding time of 1 hour.

After the 111P treatment, the oxygen-free copper in the bonded body in the vacuum sealing container was sufficiently deformed, the Al2O:l powder sufficiently acted as a pressure medium, and the A120i powder, oxygen-free copper, and A1.03 sintered body reacted. It can be said that A1*03 powder is effective as a secondary pressure medium. The resulting zygote is
Oxygen-free copper was machined to obtain a joined body as shown in FIG. After the cutting process, further cutting was carried out and cross-sectional observation revealed that in all dimensions and groove shapes of the joined bodies, the grooves of 81□03 were sufficiently filled with oxygen-free copper due to plastic deformation. In addition, in the ceramic root surface coated with Ti, the bonding interface is firmly and sufficiently bonded by the reaction product of Ti, and no cracks occur in Al2O3, and the present invention provides a sound and strong bond. It was found that a zygote could be obtained.

(Example 2) FIG. 8 shows the shapes of the ceramic and metal members used in this example. In FIG. 8, 12 is a hollow cylindrical Al2O3 for bonding in this example, 13 is a hollow cylindrical oxygen-free copper for bonding in this example, and 14 is an oxygen-free copper for bonding. This is the groove into which the root of the ceramic goes. After combining these as shown in FIG. 9, Example 1
Embedded in Alz03 powder filled in a vacuum sealing container in the same manner as above, and then heated to 10-'Tor by electron beam welding.
The container was sealed in a vacuum of r.

Thereafter, old P treatment was performed under treatment conditions of 800° C., 11,000 atmospheres, and 1 hour using Ar gas as a pressure medium.

After the HIP treatment, the container was dismantled, the Al2O3 and copper bonded body was taken out, and the oxygen-free copper was cut to obtain a hollow cylindrical ceramic-metal bonded body as shown in FIG.

(Effect of the invention) As described above, when joining ceramics and metal members, a grooved root is created in advance at the joint of the ceramics, and the metal member is plasticized by hot isostatic pressure treatment. By deforming, the metal member is poured into the groove by plastic flow, and by utilizing this biting effect, the ceramic and the metal member can be firmly and easily joined without cracking. As a result, it is possible to easily combine ceramics and metal parts, such as joining ceramic rotors and metal shafts, joining ceramics to the sliding part of lock arms, etc., for automobile parts, a machine parts, etc. It can be applied to such things, and it will make a great contribution to industry.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Figures 1 (a) and (e) are perspective views of a ceramic for bonding according to one embodiment of the present invention, (b) and (d) are side views thereof, and Figure 2 (a) is a perspective view of a ceramic for bonding according to an embodiment of the present invention. A perspective view of a joint part of a metal member according to an embodiment, (b) is a vertical cross-sectional view thereof, the third
Figure (a) is a perspective view of a combination product of a metal member and a ceramic member in the present invention, (b) is a cross-sectional view thereof, and Figure 4 (a)
) is a perspective view showing an example of vacuum sealing of a combination product of a metal member and a ceramic member, (b) is a longitudinal sectional view thereof, and FIG.
a) is a perspective view showing another example of vacuum sealing of a combination product of a metal member and a ceramic member, (b) is a longitudinal sectional view thereof, and FIG. 6 shows the shapes of the ceramic and metal for joining in this example. FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the joined body obtained in this example, FIG. 8 is a vertical cross-sectional view showing the shapes of the ceramic and metal members for joining in Example 2, and FIG. FIG. 10 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of a combination of a ceramic and a metal member for joining in Example 2, and a perspective view of a joined body of a hollow cylindrical ceramic and a metal member obtained in Example 2. l... Ceramics for joining, 2... Root, 3-...
Groove, 4... Metal member, 5... Hole, 6... Vacuum enclosure container, 7... Secondary pressure medium, 8... Vacuum degassing pipe, 9... Electron beam welding Joint part, 10... A1.0 for joining! , 11-...oxygen-free copper for bonding, 12
-...Hollow cylindrical Al2O3 for bonding, 13...Hollow cylindrical oxygen-free copper for bonding, 14-...Groove, W...Load direction of joint.

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) When joining ceramics and metal members, a root with a groove is provided in advance at the joint of the ceramic, and the root is fitted into a hole or groove provided in the joint of the metal member. A method for joining ceramics and a metal member, characterized in that the metal member is plastically deformed by hot isostatic pressure treatment, and the metal member is poured into the groove by plastic flow and joined. (2) When joining ceramics and metal members, a root with a groove is provided in advance at the joint of the ceramic, the surface of the root is coated with metal in advance, and the root is connected to the joint of the metal. Ceramics and metal, characterized in that the metal member is fitted into a hole or groove provided in the root part, and the metal member is plastically deformed by hot isostatic pressure treatment, whereby the metal member is poured into the groove of the root part by plastic flow and joined. How to join parts. (3) Ceramics are Al_2O_3, ZrO_2, B
eO, ZrB_2, and the corresponding metal member is Cu, Cu alloy, Al, Al alloy, Ni, Ni alloy. Joining method. (4) The ceramic and metal according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the metal member is a Ti alloy having superplastic properties, and the hot isostatic pressing temperature is just above the temperature exhibiting the superplastic properties. How to join parts.