JPS5830116B2 - hydraulic breaker - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a hydraulic breaker used for breaking and crushing rocks, roads, buildings, etc.

Conventionally, impact devices powered by compressed air have often been used for this type of breaking and crushing work, but these devices make a lot of noise when releasing the compressed air into the atmosphere after the piston operates. The drawback was that it caused noise pollution near the workplace.

Some proposals have therefore been made to use hydraulic power as a power source, but these generally have complex structures and require troublesome adjustment work, and a large amount of pressurized oil passes through the directional control valve of the hydraulic device during the striking stroke. Therefore, in order to increase the impact speed, a large-capacity directional control valve or the like is required, which results in an increase in the size of the hydraulic device.

Therefore, the present invention uses hydraulic pressure as a power source to solve the noise problem, is easy to manufacture, has a simple configuration, automates hammering using hydraulic pressure, and freely controls the magnitude of impact force. To provide a hydraulic breaker which can be selected as a hydraulic breaker and which can secure a very large striking force and striking speed regardless of the capacity of a directional control valve or the like of a hydraulic device.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a breaker body, on which a crushing tool 2, a plunger 3, and a control valve 4 are sequentially disposed upward from F in the direction of the solid axis.

The crushing tool 2 is axially movably disposed in the breaker body 1 using a long groove 5 provided in the longitudinal direction of the side surface and a pin 6 provided in the breaker body 1, and the plunger 3 has its lower end facing the top of the crushing tool 20, A piston part 7 is tightly fitted into a cylinder part 8 so that it can move forward and backward, and the cylinder part 8 is divided into a large chamber 9 and a small chamber 10.

The control valve 4 is composed of a pressure mechanism 11 and a valve mechanism 12. The pressure mechanism 11 is composed of a spring member 13, the spring receiver is composed of a seat 14, and an adjustment screw 15, and the valve mechanism 12 has an appropriate interval in the middle. It consists of a valve stem 18 with lands 16 and 17 protruding therein, and a valve stem fitting part 21 with liquid chambers 19 and 20 respectively recessed corresponding to the lands 16 and 17. Through hole 22
The liquid chamber 20 communicates with the large chamber 9 through the through hole 23 and with the tank 25 through the flexible pipe 24.

A pressure liquid chamber 29 is provided between the large chamber 9 and the liquid chamber 19 and is connected to a pump 28 via a through hole 26, a flexible pipe 27, etc., and a passage 30 is provided.
The passage 30 has a conical body part 31 protruding from the center of the top surface of the piston part 7 of the plunger 3 and a conical surface 32 at the lower end of the valve stem 18, which are engaged with each other at both ends of the passage 30. Valve seats 33 and 34 are formed, and the through hole 26 is connected to the chamber 10 through the through hole 35 and to the accumulator 38 through the through hole 36 and a flexible tube 37, respectively.

As mentioned above, the large chamber 9 communicates with the pressure liquid chamber 29 through the passage 30 and with the liquid chamber 19 through the through hole 22. , When the plunger 3 pushed downward is locked by the pin 6 and in contact with the crushing tool 2 located at the lower limit, a large chamber 9 is formed on almost the same plane as the top surface of the piston part 7 of the plunger 3. A through hole 40 that communicates with the through hole 35 and a through hole 41 that communicates the large chamber 9 and the through hole 23 are formed at a position slightly above the through hole 40.

Therefore, when the crushing tool 2 is located at the lower limit (when the crushing tool and the object to be crushed are not in contact), the large chamber 9 is located at the tank 25.
The passage 30 is closed by the valve stem 18, and all the pressurized liquid from the pump 28 is passed through the flexible tube 27 and the through holes 26, 3.
5, 40, and returns to the tank 25 through the large chamber 9, so
The hydraulic pressure sufficient to push up the plunger 3 is not generated, and damage to the device due to dry firing can be prevented.

In addition, in the figure, 43 is an O-ring, and 44 is an oil seal.

Next, the operation of the hydraulic breaker according to the present invention will be explained.

As mentioned above, when the crushing tool 2 is located at the lower limit, the plunger 3 does not operate.

When the crushing tool 2 is pressed against an object to be crushed, for example, a rock 42, the plunger 3 is pushed up slightly against the spring member 39, and the piston portion 7 is pushed into the through hole 40, as shown in FIG.
, the pressurized liquid from the pump 28 flows into the small chamber 10 through the through hole 35 and pushes the plunger 3 upward.

On the other hand, the valve stem 18 of the control valve 4 is connected to the valve seat 3 by the spring member 13.
4, which cuts off the communication between the pressure liquid chamber 29 and the large chamber 9, and also allows the large chamber 9 to communicate with the liquid chambers 19 to 20, so that as the plunger 3 moves upward, the liquid in the large chamber 9 flows through the passage hole. 22, passes through the liquid chambers 19 and 20, passes through the through hole 23, and the flexible tube 24, and is discharged into the tank 25.

When the plunger 3 is pushed up to its upper limit, the conical portion 31 comes into contact with the valve seat 33 and the plunger 3 stops, as shown in FIG. After that, the liquid starts to flow into the accumulator 38, and as a result, the pressure liquid is stored in the accumulator 38, and the liquid pressure gradually increases.

This fluid pressure acts on the valve stem 18 in the pressure fluid chamber 29 at °C and tries to push the valve stem 18 upward. Since the spring member 1 is set to
3 prevails, and the valve stem 18 abuts against the valve seat 34, closing the passage 30.

In this quiet state, the valve stem 1 located in the pressure fluid chamber 29
Since the effective pressure-receiving area of the lower end of the valve stem 18 is much smaller than the cross-sectional area of the land 16 of the valve stem 18, if the pressure liquid in the pressure liquid chamber 29 pushes the valve stem 18 upward even a little and separates it from the valve seat 34. As a result of the sudden increase in the pushing-up force, the valve stem 18 is rapidly pushed upward, resulting in the state shown in FIG.

By pushing the valve stem 18 upward, the liquid chamber 19
and 20 are cut off, and the liquid chamber 19 becomes the pressure liquid chamber 29.
communicate with.

As a result, the plunger 3 receives the pressure liquid from the pump 28 on both the upper and lower surfaces of the piston part I, but the pressure receiving area on the upper surface of the piston part 7 is sufficiently larger than the pressure receiving area on the lower surface, so that the liquid pressure When the plunger 3 receives this on both the upper and lower surfaces, the plunger 3 starts moving downward, and its conical portion 31 separates from the valve seat 33.

- When the conical body part 31 separates from the valve seat 33, a large amount of pressure liquid accumulated in the accumulator 38 passes through the flexible tube 37, the through hole 36, 26 and the pressure liquid chamber 29, as shown in FIG. The passage 30 also flows rapidly into the large chamber 9, which forces the plunger 3 downwards at a rapid speed, and its lower end finally hits the upper end of the crushing tool 2, thereby causing the crushing tool 2 to
crushes the rock 42 with its impact energy.

When the plunger 3 is pushed down to a position where it collides with the crushing tool 2, the large chamber 9 communicates with the tank 25 through the through hole 41.

For this reason, the hydraulic pressure in the pressure liquid chamber 29 also decreases, and finally the valve stem 1
8, the pushing up force becomes smaller than the pushing down force of the spring member 13, and the valve stem 18 comes into contact with the valve seat 34, closing the passage 30 and communicating the liquid chambers 19 and 20, as shown in FIG. return to the state.

Then, the above-mentioned operation is repeated again, and the plunger 3 automatically hits the upper surface of the crushing tool 2, thereby crushing the rock 42.

The crushing force of this hydraulic breaker is proportional to the accumulated liquid pressure in the accumulator 38.

In the embodiment described above, the accumulator 38 is connected to the flexible tube 37.
The hydraulic pressure accumulated in the accumulator 38 is connected to the through hole 36 of the breaker body 10 through the adjusting screw 15 of the pressurizing mechanism 11.
However, as shown in FIG. 6, the volume of the pressure liquid chamber 29 and the diameter of the control valve 4 may be set to the same value, and a compressible gas 45 such as nitrogen gas may be filled in as a valve stem pressurizing mechanism. Alternatively, the separate accumulator 38 may be omitted by incorporating a strong spring member (not shown) into the control valve itself to act as an accumulator piston.

As explained above, the present invention includes a hydraulic device with a simple structure that does not require a directional control valve, etc., and a crushing tool and a control valve arranged on both sides of a solid plunger that can be inserted into the cylinder part of the breaker body. Is it possible to automate normalization using pressure fluid by providing this control valve with an energy storage function or by adding an easy-to-manufacture striking device body with a separate accumulator? Therefore, the hydraulic breaker is easy to manufacture and inexpensive, and has the effect of ensuring a very large striking force and striking speed.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

The drawings show an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view, FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the plunger return stroke during rock crushing, FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of the accumulator storage stroke, and FIG. FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of the impact stroke, and FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view showing another embodiment. 1.---Breaker body, 2.. Crushing tool, 3.. Plunger, 4.1---. Control valve,
6...-Pin, 7...Piston part, 8-...
---Cylinder part, 9------Large chamber, 10--
・-・Small chamber, 11・----1 pressurizing mechanism, 12...
- Valve mechanism, 13, 39... - Spring member, 15...
- Adjustment screws, 16, 17... - Land, 18.
...Valve stem, 19°20...Liquid chamber, 21-...
...-valve stem insertion part, 25...-tank, 28-.
・-Pump, 29--...Pressure liquid chamber, 30...-
・Passage, 31...--Conical part, 33, 34--
...-Valve seat, 38--Accumulator, 42--
Rock, 45...- Compressible gas.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. A crushing tool is movably mounted on one end of the breaker body, with a control valve provided at the other end and one end facing the crushing tool in a cylinder portion formed in the middle. The silling part is divided into a large chamber and a small chamber by tightly fitting a plunger that can move forward and backward, and a pressure liquid chamber is provided between the large chamber and the control valve, communicating with the large chamber via a passage, and the large chamber side end of this passage is provided between the large chamber and the control valve. A valve seat for locking the conical portion formed at the top of the plunger is formed at the end of the plunger, and a valve seat for locking the valve stem of the control valve is formed at the pressure chamber side end. The liquid chamber and the small chamber are connected by a through hole that communicates with the pump, and when the valve stem and plunger are both separated from the valve seat and the plunger collides with the crushing tool that comes into contact with the object to be crushed, the large chamber is communicated with the tank and controlled. When the valve stem is in contact with the valve seat, the valve communicates the large chamber with the tank, and when the valve stem is apart from the valve seat, the large chamber is communicated with the tank and the large chamber is communicated with the pressure liquid chamber. A hydraulic breaker characterized by being configured as follows. 2. The hydraulic breaker according to claim 1, wherein the valve stem pressurizing mechanism of the control valve is a spring mechanism having an adjusting screw. 3. The hydraulic breaker according to claim 1, wherein the valve stem pressurizing mechanism of the control valve is a compressible gas sealed therein. 4. The hydraulic breaker according to claim 1, wherein an accumulator is communicated with a passage hole on the pump side of the pressure liquid chamber. 5. The hydraulic breaker according to claim 1, wherein the control valve has a larger diameter and an accumulator piston function is added to the control valve. 6 A liquid chamber that communicates with the large chamber and a liquid chamber that communicates with the tank are recessed at appropriate intervals in the valve stem fitting part of the control valve, and lands are protruded on the valve stem corresponding to both of the liquid chambers. A hydraulic breaker according to claim 1.