JPH1132800A - Production of saccharide - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing a saccharide by the use of copra meal as raw material, capable of removing impurities from a copra metal decomposition product by a simple operation, also adaptable even on an industrial scale. SOLUTION: When this saccharide is to be produced by decomposing copra meal, a liquor containing a copra metal decomposition product is filtered through a membrane with an air permeability of 10-20 ml/cm<2> s followed by filtering the resultant filtrate through a polypropylene membrane with an air permeability of 0.5-1.0 ml/cm<2> s.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for producing sugar from copra meal.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art It has been reported that monosaccharides and oligosaccharides including mannose have various physiologically active activities, and are attracting attention as functional sugars. Various methods have been proposed as a method for producing such a functional saccharide. For example, JP-A-63-309196 discloses that an enzyme is allowed to act on copra meal, which is an extraction residue of coconut oil. A method for producing mannotriose, and JP-A-63-209595, disclose a method for producing mannotriose by causing an enzyme to act on copra meal. However, when copra meal is used as a raw material for producing a functional saccharide, a decomposed product of copra meal contains oil, a reactant residue, and fine insoluble particles in addition to such sugars. Need to be removed. In order to remove such impurities, in the above method, after filtering the decomposition solution, purification is performed using a cation exchange resin and an anion exchange resin used for general purification. Incorporation of fine insoluble particles and oil components cannot be avoided, and therefore, deterioration of the column is accelerated.

Accordingly, the present inventors have tried in advance to remove the reaction product residue and minute insoluble particles by a usual centrifugation operation. However, in this method, the decomposition solution is included in the decomposition solution because it is stirred. There is a problem that the oil component to be emulsified becomes difficult to separate from the aqueous solution. Also,
Conventionally, oil-water separation centrifuges used in the food field to separate oil and water have been used to separate oil.However, a large amount of residue accumulates in the centrifuge tube, and the efficiency of oil-water separation is extremely low. Had the problem of getting worse. In addition, the amount of oil contained in the decomposition solution is very small (neutral fat content is 1%).
(200-200 mg / L), there is a problem that the oil-water separation centrifuge is not suitable for removing this small amount of oil.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a method for producing a saccharide from copra meal, which can remove impurities from a copra meal decomposition product by a simple operation and can be applied on an industrial scale. The purpose is to provide.

[0005]

Means for Solving the Problems The present inventors have intensively studied various separation operations in order to solve such problems, and as a result, by using a membrane having an appropriate air permeability, it was possible to obtain fine insoluble particles and oil components. And the like, and found that the sugar solution can be separated, and arrived at the present invention.

That is, according to the present invention, in producing sugar by decomposing copra meal, a liquid containing a decomposed product of copra meal is filtered through a membrane having an air permeability of 10 ml / cm ² · sec to 20 ml / cm ² · sec. Thereafter, the filtrate is further filtered through a polypropylene membrane having a gas permeability of 0.5 ml / cm ² · sec to 1.0 ml / cm ² · sec.

[0007]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The present invention will be described below in detail.
The copra meal used in the present invention is a pulverized residue obtained by extracting coconut oil from copra, which is a coconut oil raw material obtained by drying core meat inside coconut fruit, and having about 10% by weight of crude fat and Contains about 25% by weight copramannan. In the present invention, copra meal of any origin and production method can be used as long as it is produced in a usual coconut oil production process.

The method for decomposing copra meal is not particularly limited as long as copra meal is decomposed to release sugars, and examples thereof include a method of decomposing with an acid such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid and a method of decomposing with an enzyme. Can be

Examples of enzymes that degrade copra meal include mannan degrading enzymes such as mannanase (mannase) and mannosidase. The origins of mannan degrading enzymes include Bacillus subtilis and filamentous fungi (Aspergil
lus aculeatus, A. awamori, A. niger, A. usamii, Humi
cola insolens, Trichoderma harzianum, T. koningi,
Examples include T. longibrachiatum, T. viride, Streptomyces sp., Basidiomycetes (Corticium, Pycnoporus coccineus), and the like, and enzymes derived from Aspergillus are preferred. Especially Aspe
Mannanase from rgillus niger is preferred. These enzymes are produced in the culture supernatant or cells of the above strains, and in the present invention, any fraction containing these enzymes may be used. Further, if necessary, fractions containing these enzymes can be purified or partially purified by a conventional method and used. Alternatively, a commercially available enzyme may be used. In addition, commercially available cellulases and hemicellulases such as xylanase, pectinase and galactanase may also degrade copra meal.

[0010] The amount of the enzyme that acts on copra meal is not particularly limited as long as it releases sugar.
Depending on the specific activity of the enzyme, for example, in the case of mannanase, 0.001 to 10% by weight based on the starting material copra meal
Is desired, and preferably 0.005 to 5% by weight, more preferably 0.01 to 2.5% by weight.

In the case of decomposition with an enzyme, for example, copra meal may be suspended in an aqueous medium, the enzyme may be added thereto, and the mixture may be decomposed with stirring. The condition for causing the enzyme to act on copra meal is not particularly limited as long as it is a condition used in a normal enzyme reaction, and may be appropriately selected depending on the optimum working condition of the enzyme to be used and other factors. The reaction temperature is preferably a temperature at which the enzyme is not deactivated, and a temperature at which microorganisms are unlikely to grow in order to prevent spoilage. Specifically, the temperature is preferably 20 to 90 ° C, preferably 40 to 80 ° C, and more preferably 50 to 75 ° C.
Needless to say, it is desirable to carry out the reaction under the optimal action conditions of the enzyme as the pH of the reaction solution.
Preferably pH 2.5 to 8, more preferably pH 3 to
6 is good. The reaction time depends on the amounts of copra meal and enzyme used, but it is usually preferable to set the time between 3 hours and 48 hours.

The sugar can also be released by reacting copra meal with an acid such as sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid. The concentration of the acid used is 20 to 90% by volume in the case of sulfuric acid, preferably 50 to 85% by volume, and more preferably 60 to 8% by volume.
0% by volume is good. The hydrolysis conditions are 80 to 121.
C is preferred. Under the above conditions, when an enzyme or acid is acted on, copra meal is decomposed, and mannose,
Monosaccharides such as glucose and galactose and oligosaccharides such as mannooligosaccharides are released.

In the present invention, first, a solution containing such a decomposed product of copra meal (hereinafter referred to as a decomposed solution) or such a decomposed solution is preliminarily centrifuged to such an extent that no oil is emulsified, and the reaction residue is roughly obtained. Remove the liquid
0 ml / cm was filtered through a membrane to remove the reactant residue having a permeability of ^2-seconds to 20 ml / cm ² · sec. The air permeability referred to in the present invention is the air permeability measured in accordance with JIS L1079, that is, a test piece of about 20 cm × 20 cm is cut out from five different places, and the test piece is placed at one end of a cylinder using a Frazier type tester. After installation, the inclination type barometer draws in a pressure of 1.27 cm (1.25 kPa) of water by the rheostat, adjusts the pump, and sets the pressure indicated by the vertical barometer at that time and the air used. The amount of air passing through the test piece is determined from the type of hole. The measurement was performed five times, and the average value was shown. As the material of the film, polyester, nylon, cotton and the like are preferable, and polypropylene is not preferable because clogging is easily caused. The air permeability of the membrane needs to be 10 ml / cm ² · sec to 20 ml / cm ² · sec, and particularly preferably 10 ml / cm ² · sec to 15 ml / cm ² · sec. At this time, the air permeability of the membrane is 20 ml
If it is larger than / cm ² · second, it will impose a load on the subsequent filtration using a polypropylene membrane, and if it is smaller than 10 ml / cm ² · second, clogging will occur due to minute insoluble particles, so that filtration efficiency Gets worse.

The filtration may be carried out by any of ordinary filtration, filtration under reduced pressure (suction filtration), and filtration under pressure. When the filtration is performed on an industrial scale, filtration under pressure is preferred, and 1 to 10 k
g / m ² , preferably 5-10
Preferably, a pressure of kg / m ² is applied. The throughput per membrane area, 100~1000L / m ² are suitable, preferably a 200~500L / m ^2.
Further, the number of films may be changed according to the amount of liquid to be processed.

Next, in the present invention, the filtrate obtained by filtration in this manner is treated with a membrane made of polypropylene and having an air permeability of 0.5 ml / cm ² · sec to 1.0 ml / cm ² · sec. To remove fine insoluble particles and oil from the sugar solution.
If the air permeability of the membrane at this time is larger than 1.0 ml / cm ² · second, it becomes impossible to sufficiently remove minute insoluble particles and oil from the sugar solution, and it is smaller than 0.5 ml / cm ² · second. In this case, clogging occurs immediately, and the filtration cannot be performed efficiently.

As a filtration method, pressure filtration is preferable.
It is preferable to apply a pressure of 1 to 10 kg / m ² , and it is particularly preferable to apply a pressure of 1 to 5 kg / m ² . The processing amount per film area is 200 to 3000 L / m
² is suitable, and preferably 500 to 2000 L / m.
² Further, the number of films may be changed according to the amount of liquid to be processed. In the present invention, by performing filtration using a film of such a material, a layer of fine insoluble particles is formed on the polypropylene film, and the oil is adsorbed little by little on the fine insoluble particles. Particles, oil and sugar liquid can be separated.

The sugar solution thus obtained can be subjected to an activated carbon treatment, decolorization and desalting with an ion exchange resin, and the like, and further obtained as a product by concentration, freeze drying or spray drying. it can.

[0018]

Next, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. Example 1 20 kg of copra meal (10% fat, 7.2% water)
Was suspended in 200 L of water, and then cellulosin GM5 (mannanase from Aspergillus niger, titer 1000
0 unit / g: 100 g of Hankyu Bio-Industry Co., Ltd.) was added and reacted at 60 ° C. for 12 hours with stirring. After completion of the reaction, 200 L of a solution containing mannose was obtained. The sugar in this solution was analyzed by high performance liquid column chromatography. The analysis conditions were as follows: As a column for analysis, Aminex HPX-8 manufactured by Bio-Rad Co., Ltd.
Using 7P, elution was performed with water at a column temperature of 85 ° C. and a flow rate of 0.6 ml / sec. For the detection of sugar, use a differential refractometer,
The mannose content was determined from the quantitative value of the standard product. As a result, 5.0 kg of mannose had accumulated in 200 L of this solution.

The sugar solution containing mannose was made of Yabuta Kikai Co., Ltd. polyester material having an air permeability of 10 ml / cm ^2.
After removing the reaction product residue by performing pressure filtration using a 20-second membrane (diameter 20 cm: product number Y110) at a pressure of 6 kg / m ² (processing volume per membrane area is 300 L / m ² ) , A membrane made of Yabuta Machinery Co., Ltd. made of polypropylene and having an air permeability of 0.5 ml / cm ² · second (diameter 20 cm: part number
Y2) Using 10 plates, applying pressure of 3 kg / m ² and filtering under pressure (processing volume per membrane area is 600 L / m ² ) to remove fine insoluble particles and oil, and 185 L of a clear sugar solution containing mannose I got This solution contained 4.5 kg of mannose. The turbidity OD660 of the solution before the treatment of the present invention was 135 and the neutral fat content was 185 mg / L, whereas the turbidity of the solution after the treatment of the present invention was
OD660 was 2.0, and neutral fat was 3 mg / L. From this, it is understood that by performing the treatment of the present invention, impurities in the processed copra meal can be efficiently removed.

Example 2 20 kg of copra meal (10% fat, 7.2% water)
Was suspended in 150 L of water, and then Sumiteam ACH (cellulase from Aspergillus niger, titer 50,000) was added.
0 unit / g: manufactured by Nippon Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
g was added and reacted under stirring at 55 ° C. for 24 hours. After completion of the reaction, 130 L of a solution containing mannose was obtained. The sugar in this solution was analyzed in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result, 3.4 kg of mannose was accumulated in 130 L of this solution.

The sugar solution containing mannose was made of Yabuta Kikai Co., Ltd., made of polyester and having an air permeability of 18 ml / cm ^2.
After removing the reaction product residue by filtration under pressure (processing volume per membrane area is 200 L / m ² ) using 20 membranes (second diameter: 20 cm: product number Y200) at a pressure of 5 kg / m ² with a pressure of 5 kg / m ² A membrane made of Yabuta Machine Co., Ltd. made of polypropylene and having an air permeability of 1.0 ml / cm ² · second (diameter 20 cm: part number Y
10) Using 6 sheets, apply a pressure of 2 kg / m ² and filter under pressure (processing amount per membrane area is 700 L / m ² ) to remove fine insoluble particles and oil, and to obtain 120 L of a clear sugar solution containing mannose. I got This solution contained 3.3 kg of mannose. The turbidity OD660 of the solution before the treatment of the present invention was 120 and the neutral fat content was 225 mg / L, whereas the turbidity OD of the solution after the treatment of the present invention was 225 mg / L.
660 is 2.5, neutral fat is below the measurement sensitivity (1 mg / L
Below). From this, it is understood that by performing the treatment of the present invention, impurities in the processed copra meal can be efficiently removed.

[0022]

According to the present invention, impurities contained in the decomposed solution of copra meal can be easily removed, so that sugar can be easily and efficiently produced from copra meal. Further, the method of the present invention can be applied to industrial production of saccharides.

Claims (1)

[Claims] In the production of sugar by decomposing copra meal, a solution containing a decomposed product of copra meal is filtered through a membrane having an air permeability of 10 ml / cm ² sec to 20 ml / cm ² sec,
A process for producing sugar, which comprises filtering the filtrate with a polypropylene membrane having a gas permeability of 0.5 ml / cm ² · sec to 1.0 ml / cm ² · sec.