JPH11257777A - Solar heating / cooling system - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Problem] To provide a solar-heat-based cooling and heating device which has a stable cooling and heating capacity to the extent that it can be calculated as facility capacity, and can meet demands for compactness and energy saving. SOLUTION: An absorber (11), a regenerator (22, 2)
4) an absorption chiller / heater (20) having a condenser (13) and an evaporator (14); a means (1) for absorbing solar heat; and a heat transfer through which a heat medium flows to transmit the absorbed solar heat. Systems (L1, L2, L10-1, L10-2, L12);
A cooling water line (L13) passing through the evaporator (14) and a thermal load (9, 15) to which the heat transfer system is connected; and an absorber (1) of the absorption chiller / heater (20).
A solution line (L2) that communicates between 1) and the regenerator (22)
0), a heat exchanger for solar heat input (26) is interposed, and the heat exchanger (26) is connected to the solution flowing in the solution line (L20) and a line (L) branched from the heat transfer system (L10-1).
Heat exchange is performed with the heat medium flowing through 12).

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

The present invention relates to a so-called "solar system" having means for absorbing solar heat and a heat transfer system through which a heat medium flows for transmitting the absorbed solar heat. More specifically, it relates to a cooling and heating system combined with a solar system.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The prior art of a cooling and heating system combined with such a solar system is shown in FIG.
In FIG. 2, hot water or hot brine or generated steam from a solar panel 1, which is means for absorbing solar heat, reaches a heat exchanger 2 via a piping system L1. Then, the amount of heat held by the hot water, the brine or the generated steam is transmitted to the fluid flowing through the piping system L2 communicating with the heat storage tank 3 via the heat exchanger 2.

From the piping system L2, a piping system L3 communicating with the hot water storage tank 4 is branched, and a fluid to which the amount of heat held by the hot water, brine or generated steam is transmitted is supplied to the hot water storage tank 4, and Heat the water inside. Hot water is supplied to the hot water storage tank 4 from a water supply source (not shown) via a pipe L4. On the other hand, hot water is supplied from the hot water storage tank 4 to a hot water supply demand 6 via a pipe L5, an auxiliary heat source 5, and a pipe L6.

[0004] The fluid (heat medium having transmitted solar heat absorbed by the solar panel: heat medium) to which the amount of heat held by the hot water, brine or generated steam is stored is stored in the heat storage tank 3 and is connected to a heating route pipe. L10-1 is supplied to the air conditioner 8 via the pump 7. Then, in the air conditioner 8, the amount of heat held by the fluid stored in the heat storage tank 3 is transmitted to the heating load 9 side. The fluid that has transmitted the amount of heat to the heating load 9 side is returned to the heat storage tank 3 via the pipe L10-2.

[0005] An absorption refrigerator 10 is provided in a region closer to the air conditioner 8 than the heat storage tank 3. The absorption refrigerator 10 is a so-called “hot water-fired absorption refrigerator”, and has an absorber 11, a regenerator 12, a condenser 13, an evaporator 14, and a piping system for communicating these devices. The fluid transferred with the solar heat absorbed by the solar panel stored in 3 flows through the pipe L12 of the cooling route branched from the pipe L10-1, and exchanges heat with the absorbing solution in the regenerator 12 Generates refrigerant vapor. The generated refrigerant vapor is condensed in the condenser 13, and the condensed refrigerant in the liquid phase is supplied to the evaporator 14.

[0006] The evaporator 14 is provided with a chilled water line L13 through which chilled water communicating with the air conditioner 8 flows. Then, the liquid-phase refrigerant evaporates by taking vaporization heat from the cold water flowing through the cold water line L13. At the same time, the cold water is cooled and returns to the air conditioner 8. In the air conditioner 8, the cold heat of the cold water is transmitted to the cooling load 15 side. The evaporated refrigerant is absorbed by the absorbing solution in the absorber 11.

[0007] In order to remove the heat of absorption generated in the absorber 11 and condense the vapor refrigerant in the condenser 13, cooling water flows through the cooling water pipe L14. The cooling tower 16 is provided in the pipe L14. In FIG. 2, reference numeral 17 indicates an expansion tank. And the pipes L1, L2, L10-1, L
10-2 and L12 constitute a “heat transfer system through which a heat medium flows to transfer the absorbed solar heat”.

The system of FIG. 2 is useful in and of itself. However, the system as shown in FIG.
Since only the solar heat is used as the driving heat source 0, the solar heat is affected by the weather, and there is no guarantee that the cooling and heating capacity can be always and reliably obtained. Therefore, there is a problem that the cooling and heating capacity obtained by the system in FIG. 2 cannot be calculated as the facility capacity.

Here, it is conceivable to incorporate a very large heat storage tank 3 into the system in order to always reliably obtain the cooling / heating capacity from the system shown in FIG. But,
Providing such a heat storage tank 3 is disadvantageous because the entire system becomes very large.

It is also conceivable to combine the absorption chiller 10 with a reheating boiler (not shown). However, since the heat source of the boiler is a high-quality fuel, using the heat generated by the high-quality fuel as the heat source of the single-effect absorption refrigeration cycle is inconvenient, contrary to the demand for energy saving.

A similar disadvantage exists when a single double effect absorption refrigerator driven only by solar heat is used instead of the refrigerator 10. In other words, if only solar heat is used, it cannot be calculated as facility capacity,
In order to be able to calculate, a very large thermal storage tank is required. When combined with a reheating boiler, the amount of heat generated by high-quality fuel is used as a drive heat source on the single-effect side of a single-double-effect absorption chiller. Become.

[0012] In a cooling and heating system combined with a solar system, in order to be able to respond particularly to the demand for energy saving, the fluid to which the solar heat absorbed by the solar panel is transferred to the hot water of a single double effect absorption refrigerator. The regenerator can be used as a driving heat source for a fired regenerator (low-temperature regenerator), and the high-temperature regenerator can be configured to use a high-quality fuel such as city gas as a driving heat source. However, the single-double-effect absorption refrigerator has a problem that the structure of itself is complicated and the weight of the heat source device is large. Further, since the conversion efficiency of the amount of heat (solar heat) supplied to the low-temperature regenerator becomes low, there is also a problem that very complicated control is required to preferentially use the solar heat.

[0013]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been proposed in view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and has a stable cooling and heating capacity to the extent that it can be calculated as equipment capacity. It is an object of the present invention to provide a solar-heated cooling and heating device capable of meeting demands for energy saving.

[0014]

According to the present invention, there is provided a cooling / heating apparatus utilizing solar heat, comprising: an absorption chiller / heater having an absorber, a regenerator, a condenser, and an evaporator; means for absorbing solar heat; and transmitting the absorbed solar heat. A heat transfer system through which a heat medium flows, and a thermal load (cooling load and heating load) to which the chilled water line passing through the evaporator and the heat transfer system are connected,
A solar heat input heat exchanger is interposed in a solution line connecting the absorber and the regenerator of the absorption chiller / heater, and the heat exchanger is connected to a solution (dilute solution) flowing through the solution line and the heat transfer system. It is characterized in that heat exchange is performed with a heat medium flowing through a branched line (pipe on a refrigerator side).

In the present invention, the absorber has a high temperature regenerator and a low temperature regenerator, and the solar heat input heat exchanger is interposed in a dilute solution line connecting the absorber and the high temperature regenerator. Is preferred. In other words, the absorber is preferably a so-called "series flow type" absorption refrigerator. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the absorber may be a so-called “parallel flow type” absorption refrigerator. Alternatively, the absorber may be a so-called “reverse flow type” absorption refrigerator. In the case of the reverse flow type, it is preferable that the solar heat input heat exchanger is interposed in a dilute solution line that connects the absorber and the low-temperature regenerator.

According to the present invention having such a configuration, the heat medium (fluid to which the solar heat absorbed by the solar panel is transmitted) flows through the line branched from the heat transfer system that transmits the absorbed solar heat. The amount of heat is transmitted or supplied to the solution (dilute solution) flowing through the solution line connecting the absorber of the absorption chiller / heater and the regenerator via the heat exchanger for solar heat input. As a result, the temperature of the solution supplied to the regenerator rises, solar heat is effectively used in the absorption refrigerator, and necessary and sufficient refrigerant vapor is generated even when the amount of high-quality fuel such as city gas is small. .

Here, even if the weather is bad and the temperature of the heat medium (fluid to which the solar heat absorbed by the solar panel has been transmitted) has not risen so much, the solution line connecting the absorber and the regenerator must be connected. If the temperature is higher than the temperature of the flowing dilute solution, it will surely contribute to the improvement of the efficiency of the absorption refrigerator. Therefore, solar heat is effectively used even in bad weather.

In the present invention, the temperature of the heat medium is measured by a sensor, and when the temperature is lower than the dilute solution, the line branched from the heat transfer system is configured to bypass the solar heat input heat exchanger. For example, even if the temperature of the heat medium is extremely low, it is possible to prevent heat from flowing back from the dilute solution through the solar heat input heat exchanger.

Further, according to the present invention, even if the weather is bad, the solar heat can be effectively used, and there is no request to maintain the temperature of the heat medium at a certain temperature or higher, so that the heat storage tank may not be provided. Therefore, it is possible to compact the entire system.

Further, as compared with the case where the heat medium is supplied to the low-temperature regenerator, the amount of heat held by the heat medium is supplied to the solution (dilute solution) flowing through the solution line via the solar heat input heat exchanger. In the present invention, the utilization efficiency or conversion efficiency of solar heat is increased.

In addition, in the present invention, in which the heat of the heat medium is supplied to the solution (dilute solution) flowing through the solution line via the solar heat input heat exchanger, the refrigerator or the entire system is complicated. There is no need to incorporate any control.
In particular, since solar heat has a structure that is preferentially used for absorption chillers, the fluid transmitted with solar heat absorbed by the solar panel is used as a driving heat source for the low-temperature regenerator of the single-double effect absorption chiller, In addition, the merits of the high-temperature regenerator become clear as compared with a case where a high-quality fuel such as city gas is used as a driving heat source.

[0022]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. In FIG. 1, FIG.
The same members as those described above are denoted by the same reference numerals.

In FIG. 2, hot water or brine having heat or generated steam from a solar panel 1, which is means for absorbing solar heat, reaches a heat exchanger 2 via a piping system L1. Then, the amount of heat (solar heat) held by the hot water, the brine or the generated steam is transmitted to the fluid flowing through the piping system L2 communicating with the heat storage tank 3 via the heat exchanger 2.

The fluid (heat medium) to which the solar heat absorbed by the solar panel 1 has been transferred is stored in the heat storage tank 3.
The air is supplied to the air conditioner 8 via the piping L10-1 of the heating route and the pump 7. And in the air conditioner 8, the heat storage tank 3
The amount of heat held by the fluid stored in the heating load 9 is transmitted to the heating load 9 side. The fluid that has transmitted the amount of heat to the heating load 9 side is returned to the heat storage tank 3 via the pipe L10-2. The fluid (heat medium) stored in the heat storage tank 3 is supplied to the pipe L10-
It flows through a pipe L12 of a cooling route branched from 1, and communicates with an absorption refrigerator 10 (described later).

Here, as in FIG. 2, the pipes L1, L2,
L10-1, L10-2, and L12 constitute a "heat transfer system through which a heat medium flows to transfer the absorbed solar heat".

An absorption refrigerator 10 is provided in a region closer to the air conditioner 8 than the heat storage tank 3. This absorption refrigerator 10 is a so-called “series flow type” absorption refrigerator, and has a high temperature regenerator 22 and a low temperature regenerator 24.

Reference numeral 28 denotes a high-temperature solution heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the high-temperature intermediate-concentration solution heated by the high-temperature regenerator 22 and the dilute solution flowing through the solution line L20. Reference numeral 30 denotes a low-temperature solution heat exchanger for exchanging heat between the high-concentration solution from the low-temperature regenerator and the dilute solution flowing through the solution line L20. Reference numeral 32 denotes a burner for heating the diluted solution in the high-temperature regenerator 22 to generate refrigerant vapor, and reference numeral 34 denotes a high-quality fuel supply for supplying the burner 32 with high-quality fuel such as city gas. Means are shown.

The refrigerant vapor generated in the high-temperature regenerator 22 and the low-temperature regenerator 24 is condensed in the condenser 13 to become a liquid-phase refrigerant.
Evaporates the heat of vaporization from the cold water flowing through. Thereby, the cold water is cooled and returns to the air conditioner 8, and the cold heat of the cold water is transmitted to the cooling load 15 side.

A heat exchanger 26 for supplying solar heat is provided in a pipe L20 (solution line) for communicating the absorber 11 and the high-temperature regenerator 22.
Is interposed. The pipe L12 also communicates with the solar heat input heat exchanger 26, and supplies the amount of heat (solar heat) held by the heat medium flowing in the pipe L12 to the dilute solution flowing through the solution line L20. Here, when solar heat is supplied to the dilute solution, the temperature of the dilute solution rises, and even if the amount of heating from the burner 32 is small, the refrigerant vapor necessary for the operation of the absorption refrigerator 20 is supplied to the high-temperature regenerator 22 and the low-temperature It is generated from the regenerator 24.
And since the amount of heating by the burner 32 is small,
The consumption of high quality fuel supplied to the burner 32 is also small. That is, the amount of high-quality fuel consumed is reduced by the amount of solar heat supplied via the heat exchanger 26, and the efficiency of the absorption refrigerator 20 is improved.

Here, even if the weather is bad and the temperature of the heat medium flowing in the pipe L12 is not so high, the pipe L1
If the liquid temperature of the heat medium in 2 is higher than the liquid temperature of the dilute solution flowing through the solution line L20, the amount of heat (solar heat) held by the heat medium is supplied to the dilute solution via the heat exchanger 26. . That is, even if the weather is bad, the solar heat is absorbed by the absorption refrigerator 20.
It is used effectively in.

If the temperature of the heat medium flowing in the pipe L12 is extremely low, heat flows from the dilute solution flowing in the solution line L20 to the heat medium flowing in the pipe L12 via the heat exchanger 26. There is a fear that it will However, FIG.
In the embodiment, the pipe L12 is provided with a temperature sensor (not shown) for measuring the temperature of the heat medium and a bypass pipe L26 for bypassing the solar heat input heat exchanger 26. Three-way valve 3 that opens and closes in response
6 are interposed. Then, the temperature of the heat medium flowing in the pipe L12 is measured by a temperature sensor (not shown). If the temperature is lower than the dilute solution flowing in the solution line L12, the heat medium flows through the bypass pipe L26, It is configured to control the three-way valve 36 so as to bypass the exchanger 26. Therefore, even if the temperature of the heat medium drops due to bad weather or the like, the situation where the dilute solution flowing in the solution line L12 is cooled by the solar heat input heat exchanger 26 is prevented.

As described above, in the embodiment of FIG. 1, since the solar heat can be effectively used even in bad weather, the temperature of the heat medium is kept constant as in the case of using the conventional single-effect absorption refrigerator. There is no requirement to keep it above temperature. for that reason,
The heat storage tank 3 does not need to be particularly large. Further, in the embodiment of FIG. 1, the heat storage tank 3 can be omitted. By omitting the heat storage tank 3, the entire system shown can be made compact.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in which the amount of heat (solar heat) held by the heat medium is supplied to the dilute solution flowing through the solution line L20 via the solar heat input heat exchanger 26, the conversion efficiency of solar heat to cooling is zero. 0.7 to 1.0, which is extremely good as compared with the conversion efficiency (solar heat to cooling) of the conventional system of 0.65 to 0.7.

In addition to this, the solar heat input heat exchanger 26
In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the amount of heat (solar heat) held by the heat medium is supplied to the diluted solution flowing through the solution line L20 via
The required control is the same as the above-described open / close control of the three-way valve 36, and no complicated control is performed.

At the time of heating, solar heat may be supplied to the heating load 9 via the heat storage tank 3, the pipe L10-1, and the air conditioner 8, as described with reference to FIG. In addition to this, according to the embodiment in FIG. 1, the amount of heat (solar heat) held by the heat medium flowing through the pipe L12 can also be supplied to the heating load 9. That is, by operating an open / close valve (not shown) of the absorption refrigerator 20, the steam generated in the high temperature regenerator 22 and the low temperature regenerator 24 is supplied to the condenser 13 (since the supply of the cooling water is stopped, the steam is supplied. Is supplied to the evaporator 14, and the amount of heat held by the steam is supplied to the water flowing through the chilled water line L <b> 13, and the water flowing through the chilled water line L <b> 13 passes through the air conditioner 8. Thus, the heat amount is supplied to the heating load 9.

The other components are the same as those of the prior art shown in FIG.

[0037]

The effects of the present invention are listed below. (1) The cooling and heating capacity can be reliably calculated as the facility capacity without being affected by the weather. (2) No large heat storage tank is required. Further, the heat storage tank itself can be omitted. Therefore, the whole system becomes compact. (3) The conversion efficiency of solar heat to cooling is improved as compared with a cooling and heating system combined with a conventional solar system. (4) The weight of the refrigerator itself is smaller and lighter than that of a conventional single double effect absorption refrigerator. And
It is more compact than a hot water single-effect absorption refrigerator. (5) The configuration and control of the refrigerator are not complicated.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an example of a conventional technique.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Solar panel 2, 26, 28, 30 ... Heat exchanger 3 ... Heat storage tank 4 ... Hot water storage tank 5 ... Auxiliary heat source 6 ... Hot water supply demand 7 ... Pump 8. ..Air conditioner 9 ... Heating load 10, 20 ... Absorptive refrigerator 11 ... Absorber 12,22,24 ... Regenerator 13 ... Condenser 14 ... Evaporator 15 ...・ Cooling load 16 ・ ・ ・ Cooling tower 17 ・ ・ ・ Expansion tank L1, L2, L10-1, L10-2, L12 ・ ・ ・ Piping (heat transfer system through which heat medium flows to transmit absorbed solar heat) L13 ... Cold water line L14 ... Cooling water pipe 32 ... Burner 34 ... High quality fuel supply means 36 ... Three-way valve L26 ... Bypass pipe

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Masaru Eji 4-3-9 Ichikawa, Ichikawa-shi, Chiba

Claims (2)

[Claims] An absorption chiller / heater having an absorber, a regenerator, a condenser, and an evaporator; a means for absorbing solar heat; a heat transfer system through which a heat medium flows to transmit the absorbed solar heat; A cooling water line passing through an evaporator and a thermal load to which the heat transfer system is connected are provided, and a solar heat input heat exchanger is connected to a solution line communicating the absorber and the regenerator of the absorption chiller / heater. A solar heat cooling and heating apparatus, wherein the heat exchanger performs heat exchange between a solution flowing in the solution line and a heat medium flowing in a line branched from the heat transfer system. 2. The absorber has a high-temperature regenerator and a low-temperature regenerator, and the solar heat input heat exchanger is interposed in a dilute solution line that connects the absorber with the high-temperature regenerator. Item 7. A solar-cooling / heating device according to Item 1.