JPH11158785A - Dyeing method - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a dyeing process that can complete the dyeing process through simple treatments and operations in a short time and can realize the dyeing of high quality. SOLUTION: A cationization agent, particularly a protein system cationization agent prepared by adding 6-15 wt.% of protein to an ammonium salt cationization agent as a quaternary ammonium salt, is mixed with an alkali auxiliary agent and the fiber or the fiber structure is dipped in the mixed solution to effect the cationization treatment as a pretreatment. Then, the pretreated fiber or fiber structure is dipped in the mixed solution containing the dye and either of the fixing agent or the color-developing agent or both of them, heated for dyeing and then washed with water.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for dyeing various fibers using various dyes.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventional dyeing methods use auxiliaries corresponding to the characteristics of each dye, and are suitable for a dye (hereinafter, unless otherwise specified, including a fiber structure) if necessary. Pretreatment is carried out, and dyeing is carried out through separate steps of adsorption, coloring, and fixation under dyeing conditions such as pH and temperature which are suitable for the characteristics of each dye. For example, in the adsorption step, the dye is first adsorbed by ionic or covalent bond ion adsorption, then in the color development step, the color of the dye is stabilized with an alkali, acid, metal ion (mordanting), a reducing agent, etc. The dye is fixed to the fiber by heat or the like. In this series of steps, when trying to adsorb and fix the dye that has developed earlier, unevenness is generated or it is difficult to fix, so the dye is first adsorbed, and then the coloring and fixing process is performed. .

As a specific example, in the case of cold batch dyeing with a reactive dye, the fiber is immersed in a mixed solution of the reactive dye and sodium sulfate (Glauber's salt) for 10 to 13 hours to adsorb the dye, Steam the fiber 12
Exposure to 0 ° C. for 3 minutes to fix the dye.
Dyeing is completed by immersing in an aqueous alkali solution at ~ 90 ° C for about 60 minutes to develop color, then neutralizing with acid, washing with warm water at 80 ° C for 45 minutes, and drying for about 2 hours. .

[0004]

However, the above-mentioned conventional dyeing method requires time-consuming processing operations in each of the adsorption, fixing, and coloring steps, and, if necessary, in the pretreatment step. It takes time, and the cost required for dyeing is high.

Incidentally, the cationization treatment itself as a pretreatment of the fiber is carried out, for example, in JP-A-62-238885 (plant dye), JP-A-62-250287 (plant dye), JP-A-63-12783. JP-A No. 4-214479 (anion dye), JP-A-4-257377 (plant dye), etc., dyeing of cellulose fibers with a plant dye, anionic dye It is known to be used for the purpose of increasing the fastness of textiles, diversification of printing, etc., but the conventional cationization treatment increases the fastness of the dye by adding a cationic group to the fiber as described above and The method was intended to be stable, and the above-mentioned dyeing method was applied as the dyeing method itself.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned conventional problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a dyeing method capable of completing dyeing in a short time with a simple processing operation and realizing high-quality dyeing at low cost. I do.

[0007]

According to the dyeing method of the present invention, as a pretreatment, a fiber or a fibrous structure is immersed in a mixed solution of a cationizing agent and an alkali auxiliary to perform a cationization treatment.
The cationized fiber or fiber structure is immersed and heated in a mixed solution in which one or both of a dye, a fixing agent, and a coloring agent are mixed, dyed, and then washed with water. As a result, the number of dyed seats on the fiber surface increases, and the number of seats is averaged over the entire fiber surface. The dyeing can be carried out at a high speed. In addition, the dye is hardly contained in the washed waste water, the dye and the auxiliary agent are required at a minimum, and the waste water treatment is simplified.

The cationizing agent reliably exerts the above effects by using a protein-based cationizing agent. In particular, the protein-based cationizing agent is a cationizing agent composed of an ammonium salt such as a quaternary ammonium salt. Is preferably added by 6 to 15% by weight.

As the alkali, any one of sodium hydroxide, anhydrous sodium carbonate and sodium sulfate or a combination thereof can be used.

[0010] As a fiber or a fiber structure of an object to be dyed,
Cotton, yarn, woven fabric, knitted fabric, nonwoven fabric made of any one of cellulose fibers such as cotton and hemp, animal fibers such as wool and silk, synthetic fibers such as nylon, polyester and acetate, and regenerated fibers such as rayon or a combination thereof , Paper sheet, etc.

The dyes can be applied to any one of direct dyes, basic dyes, acid dyes, vat dyes, reactive dyes, disperse dyes, plant dyes, sulfur dyes, and combinations thereof.

For example, in the case of dyeing a fiber or a fiber structure made of cellulose fiber with a reactive dye, 60 to 8
Pretreated at 0 ° C., immersed in a mixed solution containing a reactive dye, sodium sulfate as a fixing agent, and alkali such as sodium hydroxide and anhydrous sodium carbonate as a color former, and
The temperature is raised to 80 ° C., followed by washing and drying to complete the dyeing.

In the dyeing of the same fiber or fiber structure with a vat dye, pretreatment is carried out at 60 to 80 ° C., and the vat dye, hydrosulfite and alkali as a fixing agent, and coloring as required. Dyeing is completed by dipping in a mixed solution containing an acid as an agent, raising the temperature to 40 to 50 ° C., and then washing and drying.

In the dyeing of the same fiber or fiber structure with a plant dye, pretreatment is carried out at 60 to 80 ° C., and the plant dye, a mordant which becomes a metal ion as a fixing agent, and a coloring agent if necessary. The dyeing is completed by immersing in a mixed solution containing an acid of the formula (1) and raising the temperature to 60 to 80 ° C., followed by washing and drying.

Further, in dyeing a fiber or a fiber structure composed of hair fibers with an acid dye, pretreatment is carried out at 60 to 80 ° C., and an acid dye, a mordant which becomes a metal ion as a fixing agent, and if necessary, Dyeing is completed by dipping in a mixed solution containing an acid as a color former, raising the temperature to 60 to 80 ° C., and then washing and drying with water.

[0016]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of the dyeing method of the present invention will be described.

The object to be dyed is any one of cellulose fibers such as cotton and hemp, animal fibers such as wool and silk, synthetic fibers such as nylon, polyester and acetate, and regenerated fibers such as rayon, or a combination thereof. Any fiber material or product, such as cotton, yarn, woven fabric, knitted fabric, nonwoven fabric, paper sheet, etc., can be targeted.

As a pretreatment prior to dyeing, these dyeing objects are immersed in a mixed solution of a cationizing agent and an alkali auxiliary to carry out a cationization treatment. It is preferable to use a protein-based cationizing agent as the cationizing agent.
The cationizing agent is mainly composed of an ammonium salt such as a quaternary ammonium salt. Some cationizing agents contain about 5% by weight of a protein as an additive, and the added protein binds to the ammonium salt to form a protein-based protein. Since the cationizing agent is produced, some effect can be obtained even if it is used. However, those containing 6% by weight or more, preferably 8% by weight or more of protein are preferred. Also, 1
Even if it is added in an amount of 5% by weight or more, the protein-based cationizing agent does not generate and remains on the fiber without producing a cationizing agent. Therefore, 8 to 1
It is optimal to add protein of about 0% by weight. Further, as the alkali auxiliary, any one of sodium hydroxide, anhydrous sodium carbonate, and sodium sulfate, or a combination thereof can be used.

The cationization treatment may be performed by immersion in the above-mentioned mixed solution at a temperature of 60 to 80 ° C. for about 45 minutes with a dyeing machine, followed by washing with water at room temperature. The system cationizing agent is fixed.

The detailed physicochemical mechanism of the cationization treatment using the protein-based cationizing agent and the alkali auxiliary agent is unknown, but the number of dyed seats on the fiber surface increases and the number of seats increases. Was averaged over the entire fiber surface, and it was found that the dye after the color development reaction was uniformly and firmly adsorbed and fixed.

The fiber or fiber structure pretreated as described above is then dyed by dipping and heating in a mixed solution in which various dyes, a fixing agent and / or a coloring agent are mixed, or both. Then, by washing with water, all the dyeing steps are completed.

Table 1 shows each combination of the dye, the fixing agent and the color former.

[0023]

[Table 1]

With reference to Table 1, the combination of each dye will be described sequentially. In the case of a direct dye, a neutral salt is added as an adsorption / fixing agent, and a cationic activator is added as a coloring agent.
In the case of a basic dye, an adsorption / fixing agent is unnecessary, and an acidic mordant is added as a coloring agent. In the case of an acid dye, a chromium salt or a mordant metal is added and fixed as an adsorption / fixing agent, an acid is added as a coloring agent, and the temperature is raised to oxidize with oxygen to develop a color. In the case of vat dyes, add hydrosulfite and alkali, reduce with hydrosulfite, adsorb and fix with alkali such as soda ash or caustic soda, add acid as a color former or raise temperature to oxidize with oxygen To develop color. In the case of a reactive dye, sodium sulfate (Glauber's salt) is added as an adsorption / fixing agent, and an alkali such as soda ash or caustic soda is added as a coloring agent. In the case of disperse dyes, it is not necessary to add an adsorption / fixing agent, and it is adsorbed / fixed by exposing it to a temperature of 120 ° C. or higher, and alcohol is added as a color former.

In the case of plant dyes, a mordant containing a metal ion such as iron sulfate, aluminum acetate, or chromium acetate is added as an adsorbent / fixing agent, and an acid is added as a color former or oxidized with air, water, or oxygen to form a color. . In the case of a sulfur dye, it is reduced and adsorbed and fixed by adding sodium sulfate as an adsorption / fixing agent, and an acid is added as a coloring agent, and the color is developed by oxidation with an acid and air.

In this dyeing step, although the details differ depending on the dye, as a general rule, the dye is immersed in a mixed solution of a mixture of various dyes and one or both of a fixing agent and a color forming agent as described above. Dyeing is performed only by treating at a temperature of not more than 30 ° C. for a time of not more than about 30 minutes, and thereafter, all the dyeing steps are completed by washing and drying.

Therefore, in dyeing with many dyes, dyeing can be performed in a short time with a small number of processing steps, and dyeing without unevenness and high in fastness can be performed. Agents are minimal.

Next, some specific examples of the dyeing method of the present invention will be described.

Example 1 In this example, a cotton cloth is dyed with a reactive dye. First, as a pretreatment, a cotton cloth is immersed in a mixed solution of a protein-based cationizing agent in which a protein component is added to a quaternizing ammonium salt cationizing agent in an amount of 8 to 10% by weight and an alkali auxiliary to carry out cationization treatment. Do.
Specifically, a cotton cloth 50m, 7.5kg is immersed in water,
0.75 to 3.75 l of the protein-based cationizing agent
And add 112 to 1125 cc of alkaline aid,
Treat with a dyeing machine at 0 to 80 ° C. for 45 minutes, and then wash with water at room temperature. By this pretreatment, the cationizing agent is fixed on the fiber surface.

Next, 1 l of water, 500 g of sodium sulfate and 500 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate were added to 300 g of the reactive dye, mixed at room temperature with fine bubbles to form a color, and the dye thus formed was colored with 50 m of a pretreated cotton cloth. Mixed with 60
The temperature is raised to ８０80 ° C. and the temperature is maintained for 30 minutes to fix the colored dye. Thereafter, by soaping and drying, dyeing with high uniformity and uniformity was completed.

As described above, since the steps and time required for dyeing are greatly reduced, the effect that the equipment cost of the dyeing factory is greatly reduced can be obtained. Further, the wastewater at the time of the soaping contained almost no dye. Therefore, the utilization rate of the dye is extremely good, so that the cost of the dye can be significantly reduced and the wastewater treatment can be extremely simplified.

Example 2 In this example, a cotton cloth is dyed with a vat dye. First, a cotton cloth is pretreated in the same manner as in the first embodiment. Next, 1 l of water, 500 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate, and 100 g of hydrosulfite were added to 300 g of vat dye, mixed with fine bubbles at room temperature to form a color, and the color thus formed was dyed on 50 m of pre-treated cotton cloth. Mixed, 40
The temperature is raised to ５０50 ° C. and the temperature is maintained for 30 minutes to fix the colored dye. Thereafter, by soaping and drying, dyeing with high uniformity and uniformity was completed. As a result, the same effect as in Example 1 was obtained.

Embodiment 3 In this embodiment, a cotton cloth is dyed with a plant dye. First, a cotton cloth is pretreated in the same manner as in the first embodiment. Next, 1 liter of water, 100 cc of metal mordant, and 10 cc of hydrochloric acid were added to 500 cc of the vegetable dye, mixed with fine bubbles at room temperature to form a color, and the dye thus formed was mixed with 50 m of pretreated cotton cloth. Raise the temperature to 60-80 ° C and add 2
Hold for 0 to 30 minutes to fix the colored dye. Thereafter, by soaping and drying, dyeing with high uniformity and uniformity was completed. As a result, the same effect as in Example 1 was obtained.

Example 4 In this example, a wool (hair) cloth is dyed with an acid dye. First, wool cloth 50m, 10k
g of the protein-based cationizing agent in water
Add 5 l, add 150 to 750 cc of alkaline aid,
The product is treated with a dyeing machine at 60 to 80 ° C. for 45 minutes, then neutralized with an acid, and then washed with water at normal temperature. By this pretreatment, the cationizing agent is fixed on the fiber surface.

Next, 1 liter of water, 300 cc of an acid auxiliary, and 200 cc of a metal ion agent are added to 800 g of the acid dye, mixed with fine bubbles at room temperature to form a color, and the dye thus formed is subjected to a pre-treated wool cloth. Mixed in 50m, 60-80
The temperature was raised to ℃ and the temperature was maintained for 20 to 30 minutes to fix the colored dye. Thereafter, by soaping and drying, dyeing with high uniformity and uniformity was completed. As a result, the same effect as in Example 1 was obtained.

[0036]

According to the dyeing method of the present invention, as described above, a protein component is added to a cationizing agent, preferably a protein-based cationizing agent, particularly a cationizing agent comprising an ammonium salt, in an amount of 6 to 15% by weight. % Of the fiber surface or the fiber structure is immersed in a mixed solution of a protein-based cationizing agent and an alkali auxiliary, and the cationization treatment is performed. As the number of dyed seats increases, the number of seats averages over the entire fiber surface, and even the dye after the color development reaction is evenly and firmly adsorbed and fixed, and therefore the pretreated fiber or fiber structure is dyed. Dyeing and heating in a mixed solution obtained by mixing one or both of a fixing agent and a coloring agent, dyeing, and then in a short processing step of only washing with water, in a short time,
Uniform dyeing with high fastness is possible. Moreover, the dye is hardly contained in the washed waste water, so that the dye and the auxiliary agent are required at a minimum and the waste water treatment can be simplified.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI D06P 5/22 D06P 5/22 F

Claims (10)

[Claims] Claims: 1. As a pretreatment, a fiber or a fiber structure is immersed in a mixed solution of a cationizing agent and an alkali auxiliary to perform a cationization treatment, and the cationized fiber or the fiber structure is dyed with a fixing agent. A dyeing method characterized by immersing and heating in a mixed solution obtained by mixing one or both of a coloring agent and a coloring agent, followed by washing with water. 2. The dyeing method according to claim 1, wherein the cationizing agent is a protein-based cationizing agent. 3. The protein-based cationizing agent is constituted by adding a protein component to a cationizing agent comprising an ammonium salt such as a quaternary ammonium salt in an amount of 6 to 15% by weight. The staining method described. 4. The dyeing method according to claim 1, wherein the alkali is any one of sodium hydroxide, anhydrous sodium carbonate, and sodium sulfate, or a combination thereof. 5. The fiber or fibrous structure may be any one of cellulose fibers such as cotton and hemp, animal fibers such as wool and silk, synthetic fibers such as nylon, polyester and acetate, and regenerated fibers such as rayon or a mixture thereof. Cotton, thread, consisting of a combination
The dyeing method according to claim 1, wherein the dyeing method is a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a nonwoven fabric, a paper sheet, or the like. 6. The dye according to claim 1, wherein the dye is any one of a direct dye, a basic dye, an acid dye, a vat dye, a reactive dye, a disperse dye, a plant dye, a sulfur dye, or a combination thereof. 2. The dyeing method according to 1. 7. A fiber or fibrous structure made of cellulose fiber is pretreated at 60 to 80 ° C., and a reactive dye, sodium sulfate as a fixing agent, and an alkali such as sodium hydroxide or anhydrous sodium carbonate as a coloring agent. The dyeing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the temperature is raised to 60 to 80 ° C by dipping in a mixed solution containing, followed by washing with water and drying. 8. A fiber or a fibrous structure comprising cellulose fibers is pretreated at 60 to 80 ° C., and a vat dye, a hydrosulfite and an alkali as a fixing agent, and an acid as a coloring agent as required. Immersed in a mixed solution containing 40
The dyeing method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the temperature is raised to 50C, followed by washing and drying. 9. A fiber or fibrous structure made of cellulose fiber is pretreated at 60 to 80 ° C., and contains a plant dye, a mordant that becomes a metal ion as a fixing agent, and an acid as a coloring agent if necessary. The dyeing method according to claim 1, wherein the dyeing method is immersed in a mixed solution, heated to 60 to 80 ° C., and then washed with water and dried. 10. A fiber or fibrous structure composed of wool fibers is pretreated at 60 to 80 ° C., and contains an acid dye, a mordant that becomes a metal ion as a fixing agent, and an acid as a coloring agent as necessary. The composition is immersed in a mixed solution, heated to 60 to 80 ° C., and then washed with water and dried.
3. The dyeing method according to any one of 3.