JPH0945117A - Lighting method - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Abstract] [Purpose] An object of the present invention is to provide a lighting method capable of making a three-dimensional object look bright and illuminating the surrounding atmosphere by illuminating the three-dimensional object so that an appropriate shadow is formed. To do. A lighting device for illuminating a three-dimensional object from substantially above is provided, and the illuminating device is provided so that the maximum illuminance of the illuminance generated on the surface of the three-dimensional object is 5 times or more and 10 times or less than the minimum illuminance. By illuminating a three-dimensional object, the three-dimensional object can be made bright and the surrounding atmosphere can be made bright.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a lighting method for illuminating a person's face so that the person's face looks bright, thereby making the surrounding atmosphere bright.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in an indoor space such as an office, an illumination method has been adopted to make the horizontal plane illuminance in the room as uniform as possible. Therefore, the lighting fixtures were evenly arranged on the ceiling surface, and there was no special positional relationship between the workers and the lighting fixtures. In addition, there was a large amount of diffused light in the room due to reflection from walls, floors, ceilings, etc., and a strong shadow could not be applied to the three-dimensional object in the room. In other words, the illuminance of the brightest part is almost twice as high as the illuminance of the darkest part of the surface of the person's face in such an illuminated office, and there is no stereoscopic effect and the illuminance is flat. It was dark for a high price.

Further, in recent years, in order to reduce the energy consumption for artificial lighting in an indoor space such as an office, the illuminance of the entire room called task and ambient lighting is lowered, and only the desk top surface is illuminated with high illuminance. The method of doing has come to be taken. However, task-and-ambient lighting has a problem in that the illuminance other than the top of the desk is so low that the entire indoor environment feels dark and gloomy. Even in such an illuminated office, the lighting fixtures were evenly arranged on the ceiling surface, but there was no special positional relationship between the workers and the lighting fixtures, and the darkest surface of the face of the person. The illuminance of the brightest part was almost twice as high as the illuminance of the part, and it was flat and dark, which caused the atmosphere of the entire room to be darker.

Regarding the illumination method for illuminating a three-dimensional object, Mo
on, Spencer is "Modeling with light" (Modeling with light (J
our. Franklin Institute, 25
1, 1951, 453)), it is said that the 3: 1 maximum / minimum luminance ratio is the best as the condition of illumination for making a three-dimensional object look more three-dimensional. Further, as an example of an illumination method considering the positional relationship between a three-dimensional object and a light source for illuminating the three-dimensional object, an illumination method in which one or two spotlights are added to general illumination of a mannequin doll is used in a store. As a result of investigating the brightness of the face of the mannequin doll in this lighting method in the store, the maximum and minimum brightness of the face of the mannequin doll is in the range of 4: 1 to 2: 1 and the average thereof is Moo.
3 to 1 that n and Spencer appear to be most three-dimensional
Was close to. Furthermore, in store lighting, since a plurality of lighting devices illuminate from a plurality of directions, a huge amount of energy is consumed.

An illumination method has been adopted in which the face of a person to be photographed is seen three-dimensionally even when photographing a photograph, a television or a movie. T. M. Lemons, C.I. J. Neenan
Is "Illuminating Engineering" (Su
rvey of Remote Lighting S
systems for Color Televisi
on (ILLUMINATING ENGINEERI
NG, FEBRUARY, 1970)), it is preferable that the maximum / minimum luminance ratio that is most three-dimensionally visible when photographing a person's face is 2: 1 or less. In addition, photos and TV,
When shooting a movie, since the target is only the field of view of the camera, the surrounding environment is not taken into consideration, and many light sources,
The effect is exhibited by using a reflector or the like.

[0006]

However, in the conventional office lighting method, a large amount of indirect light is emitted from the floor surface, the wall surface, or the ceiling surface, and the three-dimensional object in the room looks flat and dark.
With task-and-ambient lighting, the illuminance other than the top of the desk is low, and the entire environment in the room is dark and feels dull. In addition, in the conventional lighting method for illuminating a three-dimensional object, priority is given to making it appear three-dimensional rather than brightness, and further, enormous energy is consumed and the surrounding environment is not considered. was there.

In view of the above conventional problems, the present invention reduces the illuminance of the entire room and reduces the energy consumption,
An object of the present invention is to provide a lighting method that makes a person's face bright, which is a main visual target when looking around the room, to make the atmosphere of the entire room bright.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above object, the illumination method of the present invention comprises a lighting device for illuminating a spherical solid object from substantially above, and among the illuminance generated on the surface of the solid object, The three-dimensional object is illuminated by the lighting fixture so that the maximum illuminance is 5 times or more and 10 times or less than the minimum illuminance.

Further, in the illumination method of the present invention, the elevation angle is 45 [degrees] or more and 60 [degrees] or less where the horizontal direction of the center of the spherical solid object is 0 [degrees] and the direction directly above is 90 [degrees]. A luminaire that illuminates the three-dimensional object from a position having a center in the range, and the maximum illuminance of the illuminance generated on the surface of the three-dimensional object is 5 to 10 times the minimum illuminance. Illuminates the three-dimensional object.

Further, according to the illumination method of the present invention, the horizontal direction of the center of the spherical solid having a small protrusion at an arbitrary position on the surface having the same height as the center is 0 [degree], and the upward direction is 90 []. [Degree] is in the range of 45 [degree] or more and 60 [degree] or less, and the direction of the tip of the small protrusion from the center of the three-dimensional object is the front direction, 0 [degree], and the lateral direction orthogonal to the front direction. 90
A luminaire for illuminating the three-dimensional object from a position having an azimuth angle of [degrees] in the range of 30 [degrees] or more and 60 [degrees] or less is provided. So that the illuminance is 5 to 10 times the minimum illuminance,
The three-dimensional object is illuminated by the lighting fixture.

Further, according to the illumination method of the present invention, the horizontal direction of the center of the spherical solid having a small protrusion at an arbitrary position on the surface having the same height as the center is 0 [degree], and the direction directly above is 90 []. [Degree] is in the range of 45 [degree] or more and 60 [degree] or less, and the direction of the tip of the small protrusion from the center of the three-dimensional object is the front direction, 0 [degree], and the lateral direction orthogonal to the front direction. 90
A luminaire for illuminating the three-dimensional object from a position having an azimuth angle of [degrees] in the range of 30 [degrees] or more and 60 [degrees] or less is provided, and the light emitting portion of the luminaire is the center of the three-dimensional object. From the center of the lighting fixture, the solid angle as viewed from above is less than or equal to 4 times the solid angle as viewed from the center of the lighting device, and among the illuminance generated on the surface of the solid object, the maximum illuminance is at least 5 times the minimum illuminance.
The three-dimensional object is illuminated by the luminaire so that the number is not more than double.

Further, according to the illumination method of the present invention, the horizontal direction of the center of the spherical solid having a small projection at an arbitrary position on the surface having the same height as the center is 0 [degree], and the direction directly above is 90 []. [Degree] is in the range of 45 [degree] or more and 60 [degree] or less, and the direction of the tip of the small protrusion from the center of the three-dimensional object is the front direction, 0 [degree], and the lateral direction orthogonal to the front direction. 90
A luminaire for illuminating the three-dimensional object from a position having an azimuth angle of [degrees] in the range of 30 [degrees] or more and 60 [degrees] or less is provided, and the light emitting portion of the luminaire is the center of the three-dimensional object. From the center of the luminaire, the solid angle as viewed from is less than 4 times the solid angle of the luminaire, and the luminous intensity of the luminaire toward the center of the solid is 1 [ l
x] is 3.0 [cd] or more and 5.0 [cd] or less, and among the illuminances generated on the surface of the three-dimensional object, the maximum illuminance is 5 times or more and 10 times or less than the minimum illuminance. The three-dimensional object is illuminated by an instrument.

Further, according to the illumination method of the present invention, the horizontal direction of the center of the spherical solid having a small protrusion at an arbitrary position on the surface having the same height as the center is 0 [degree], and the direction directly above is 90 []. [Degree] is in the range of 45 [degree] or more and 60 [degree] or less, and the direction of the tip of the small protrusion from the center of the three-dimensional object is the front direction, 0 [degree], and the lateral direction orthogonal to the front direction. 90
A luminaire that illuminates the three-dimensional object from a position having an azimuth angle of [degrees] in the range of 30 [degrees] or more and 60 [degrees] or less is provided, and the luminaire extends toward the center of the three-dimensional object. Luminous intensity is 3.0 [c] per 1 [lx] average illuminance on the desk surface.
d] or more and 5.0 [cd] or less, so that the maximum illuminance is 5 times or more and 10 times or less of the minimum illuminance among the illuminances generated on the surface of the three-dimensional object by the lighting fixture emitting substantially parallel rays. The lighting device illuminates the three-dimensional object.

[0014]

As described above, according to the present invention, by arranging the lighting fixture having the limited light distribution and the worker so that the worker has an appropriate positional relationship, it is possible to perform lighting in which the human face looks bright. This makes it possible to make the indoor environment feel bright.

[0015]

EXAMPLE To achieve the above object, the inventors have made an environment in which various illuminations can be applied to a three-dimensional object and conducted psychological experiments to clarify the illumination state in which the three-dimensional object looks bright. .

FIG. 3 shows the ratio of the illuminance of the darkest part to the illuminance of the brightest part and the three-dimensional object when the three-dimensional object having a uniform reflectance is illuminated by the experiment. It shows the relationship of brightness sometimes felt. The horizontal axis indicates the value obtained by dividing the illuminance of the darkest part of the three-dimensional object by the illuminance of the brightest part. In addition, the vertical axis has the same reflectance, which is equivalent to the brightness when viewing a three-dimensional object, and has the same reflectance, and the illuminance of the field of view illuminated with a uniform illuminance is divided by the average illuminance of the three-dimensional object. Indicates the value. That is, this value indicates the amount of increase in brightness when compared with a three-dimensional object that is uniformly illuminated. From this figure, it can be seen that when the illuminance of the darkest part of the surface of the three-dimensional object is 0.1 times or more and 0.2 times or less of the illuminance of the brightest part, the impression of the whole three-dimensional object is the brightest. That is, it can be seen that the three-dimensional object feels brightest in a range in which the illuminance of the brightest part of the three-dimensional object is 5 to 10 times the illuminance of the darkest part.

FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the size of the light source and the brightness perceived when the three-dimensional object is clarified by the experiment. The horizontal axis represents the value obtained by dividing the solid angle of the light emitting portion of the light source viewed from the center of the solid object by the solid angle of the solid object viewed from the center of the light emitting portion of the light source, and the vertical axis represents the solid angle as in FIG. The figure shows the value obtained by dividing the illuminance of the field of view having the same reflectance, which is equivalent to the brightness felt when looking at an object and illuminated with uniform illuminance, by the average illuminance of the three-dimensional object. In addition, this figure shows the result of an experiment conducted under the condition of the ratio of the illuminance which is the brightest as an impression of the whole three-dimensional object, that is, the illuminance of the brightest part of the surface of the three-dimensional object is 7 times the illuminance of the darkest part. Shows. From this figure, when the solid angle of the light emitting part of the light source viewed from the center of the three-dimensional object is less than or equal to 4 times the solid angle of the three-dimensional object viewed from the center of the light emitting part of the light source, the overall impression of the three-dimensional object is the brightest. I understand. Even when the solid angle of the light emitting portion of the light source viewed from the center of the three-dimensional object exceeds four times the solid angle of the three-dimensional object viewed from the center of the light emitting portion of the light source,
When the light emitted from the light source is not diffusive but has parallel and straight traveling properties, the distribution of the illuminance generated on the surface of the three-dimensional object is such that the size of the light source is one pair with respect to the size of the three-dimensional object. 1
It is almost the same as the following case. Therefore, even if the solid angle of the light emitting part of the light source viewed from the center of the three-dimensional object is not less than 4 times the solid angle of the three-dimensional object viewed from the center of the light emitting part of the light source, the three-dimensional object can be illuminated by the parallel rays. , It can be made to feel bright as an impression of the whole three-dimensional object.

FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the elevation angle of the light source seen from the center of the three-dimensional object and the brightness felt when the three-dimensional object is seen, which is clarified by the experiment. The horizontal axis shows the elevation angle of the light source as seen from the center of the three-dimensional object, and the horizontal direction of the center of the three-dimensional object is shown as an angle [degree] with 0 [degree] and 90 [degree] right above, and the vertical axis shows the figure. 3. Similar to FIG. 4, the average illuminance of the three-dimensional object is the illuminance of the field of view that has the same reflectance and has a uniform illuminance, which is equivalent to the brightness when the three-dimensional object is seen. The divided value is shown. In addition, this figure shows the illuminance ratio that makes the impression of the whole three-dimensional object the brightest, the condition of the size of the light emitting part of the light source, that is, the illuminance of the brightest part on the surface of the three-dimensional object is 7 times the illuminance of the darkest part, and The result of the experiment performed under the condition that the solid angle of the light emitting portion of the light source viewed from the center of the object is equal to the solid angle of the solid object viewed from the center of the light emitting portion of the light source is shown. From this figure, it is possible to make the three-dimensional object feel bright in a wide range of the height of the light source that illuminates the three-dimensional object from the elevation angle of the light source viewed from the center of the three-dimensional object to 0 [degree] to 60 [degree]. Recognize.

FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the azimuth of the light source and the brightness perceived when the three-dimensional object is clarified by the experiment. The abscissa represents the azimuth of the light source as viewed from the three-dimensional object, and the angle [degree] in which the front of the three-dimensional object is 0 [degrees] and the horizontal side is 90 [degrees], and the vertical axes are shown in FIGS. Similar to 5, the illuminance of the field of view illuminated with a uniform illuminance, which has the same reflectance and feels the brightness equivalent to that when viewing a three-dimensional object,
It shows the value divided by the average illuminance of the three-dimensional object. Note that this figure shows the condition that the impression of the whole three-dimensional object is the brightest, that is, the illuminance of the brightest part of the surface of the three-dimensional object is 7 times the illuminance of the darkest part, and The solid angle is equal to the solid angle of the three-dimensional object viewed from the center of the light emitting part of the light source, and the height of the light emitting part of the light source viewed from the center of the three-dimensional object is 45 degrees in elevation. The results are shown. From this figure, it can be seen that a three-dimensional object can be made to feel bright when the orientation of the light source is from 30 [degrees] to 60 [degrees].

From the above experimental results, a three-dimensional object is regarded as having an altitude of 0.
A range of [degrees] or more and 60 [degrees] or less and an azimuth angle of 30
From the range of [degrees] or more and 60 [degrees] or less, the brightest by the luminaire in which the solid angle of the light emitting portion viewed from the center of the three-dimensional object is 4 times or less the solid angle of the three-dimensional object viewed from the center of the light emitting portion. It has been clarified that the solid object can be made brightest by illuminating so that the illuminance of the part is 5 times or more and 10 times or less than the illuminance of the darkest part.

However, since the three-dimensional object studied in the present invention is a human face, it is also necessary to study from the side of the human face which is the object to be irradiated. In other words, past research has revealed that when the height of the light source is 45 [degrees] or less in elevation as seen from the position of the human eye, the light source seen by a person holding the face that is the object to be illuminated feels dazzling. Has been done. The present invention aims to provide a lighting method that makes the surrounding environment bright, but it is also necessary to prevent the person illuminated by the light source from feeling glare in order to realize a comfortable visual environment. It is considered to be a very important factor. Therefore, the height of the light source that makes the face of a person brightest in the present invention is defined as a range of 45 degrees or more and 60 degrees or less in terms of the elevation angle of the light source as seen from the position of the illuminated human eye.

As a result of the above, an illuminating device for illuminating a three-dimensional object is provided, and the elevation angle with the horizontal direction of the center of the three-dimensional object being 0 [degree] and 90 [deg.] Right above is 45 [degree] or more and 60 [deg.] Or more.
Illumination in which the center of the luminaire is installed in a range of [degrees] or less, and the illuminator illuminates the illuminance of the highest illuminance part of the three-dimensional object to 5 times or more and 10 times or less than the illuminance of the lowest illuminance part. By adopting the method, it is possible to realize the illumination method of the present invention for increasing the sense of brightness.

(Embodiment 1) FIG. 1 shows one worker in an office and a lighting device for illuminating the face of the worker according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. ,
(B) is sectional drawing, (c) is a figure which shows the light distribution of a lighting fixture. In these figures, 1 is a worker, 2 is a luminaire,
3 is a desk and 4 is a ceiling surface. These figures show a floor area of 10
The figure shows one office worker 1 in an office of [m] × 20 [m] and a ceiling height of 2.8 [m] and a lighting device 2 that illuminates the face of the worker 1, and the ceiling surface 4 The reflectances of the wall surface and the floor surface are 70%, 50% and 10%, respectively. Lighting equipment 2
Is installed on the ceiling surface 4 at a position where the elevation angle viewed from the eye position of the worker 1 is 58 [degrees], that is, 70 [cm] in front of the worker 1 and 70 [cm] to the left. The light emitting portion has a diameter of 40 cm at which the solid angle viewed from the position of the eyes of the employee 1 is about 4 times the solid angle of the face of the employee 1 viewed from the center of the light emitting portion of the lighting device 2. ] It is a circle. In such a room, the average illuminance at the work surface height is 750.
When the illumination is set to [lx], the illuminance of the darkest part of the face of the employee 1 is 100 [lx]. The brightest part of the face of employee 1 is more than 5 times the illuminance of the darkest part 1
In order to set the illuminance to 0 times or less, the illuminance of the brightest part may be 500 [lx] or more and 1000 [lx] or less. Therefore, the employee 1 and the lighting fixture 2 are 1.9 [m]
Since they are far apart, the luminaire 2 is 1 toward the employee 1's face.
It is sufficient if the luminous intensity is 805 [cd] or more and 3610 [cd] or less. At this time, the luminous intensity per average illuminance 1 [lx] of the work surface of the luminaire 2 in the direction of the worker 1's face is 2.4 [cd] or more and 4.8 [cd] or less, and maintain this relationship. For example, the illuminance of the brightest part of the face of the employee 1 will be in the range of 5 to 10 times the illuminance of the darkest part, no matter what the average illuminance of the work surface is.
As an example, (c) shows the light distribution of a lighting device in which the luminous intensity per average illuminance 1 [lx] of the work surface in the direction of the person's face is 4.8 [cd].

The positional relationship between the person and the lighting equipment as described above,
If the light distribution of the lighting equipment is realized, the lighting method of the present invention for increasing the sense of brightness can be realized.

(Embodiment 2) FIG. 2 shows an illumination device for illuminating a person and a face of the person in a conference room according to an embodiment of the present invention. (A) is a plan view, (b) is a plan view. Is a cross-sectional view, and (c) is a diagram showing light distribution of a lighting fixture. In these figures, 5 is a person, 6 is a lighting fixture, 7 is a desk, and 8 is a ceiling surface.

These figures show a floor area of 5 [m] × 9.4.
[M], a ceiling height of 2.8 [m], a person 5 in a conference room and a lighting device 6 for illuminating the face of the person 5, and the light distribution thereof are shown on the ceiling surface, wall surface, and floor surface. The reflectances are 70%, 50% and 10%, respectively. Lighting fixture 6 is person 5
Of the ceiling surface 8 at a position where the elevation angle viewed from the eye position is 50 [degrees], that is, a position 1.4 [m] in front of the person 5.
It is installed in. In such a room, when illumination is performed so that the average illuminance of the work surface height is 750 [lx], the illuminance of the darkest part of the face of the person 5 is 100 [lx].
Becomes In order to make the brightest part of the face of the person 5 5 times or more and 10 times or less than the illuminance of the darkest part, the illuminance of the brightest part is 500 [lx] or more and 1000 [l
x] or less. Therefore, since the person 5 and the lighting equipment 6 are separated by 2.1 [m], the lighting equipment 6 is
It is only necessary to have a luminous intensity of 2205 [cd] or more and 4410 [cd] or less in the direction of the face. At this time, the average illuminance 1 of the work surface in the direction of the face of the person 5 of the luminaire 6
The luminous intensity per [lx] is 2.9 [cd] or more and 5.9 [c].
d] or less, and if this relationship is maintained, the illuminance of the brightest part of the face of the person 5 will be in the range of 5 to 10 times the illuminance of the darkest part, no matter what the average illuminance of the work surface is. . As an example, (c) shows the light distribution of a lighting device in which the luminous intensity per average illuminance 1 [lx] of the work surface in the direction of the person's face is 4.8 [cd].

The positional relationship between the person and the lighting equipment as described above,
If the light distribution of the lighting equipment is realized, the lighting method of the present invention for increasing the sense of brightness can be realized.

[0028]

As described above, by using the lighting method and the lighting apparatus of the present invention, it is possible to make a three-dimensional object in a room look bright and to make the environment in the room feel bright.

[Brief description of drawings]

1A is a plan view showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 1B is a schematic sectional view of the same, and FIG. 1C is a view showing light distribution of the same lighting fixture.

2A is a plan view showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2B is a schematic sectional view of the same, and FIG. 2C is a view showing light distribution of the same lighting fixture.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the value of the ratio of the maximum illuminance and the minimum illuminance of a three-dimensional object and the sense of brightness.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the size and brightness of a lighting fixture that illuminates a three-dimensional object.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a relationship between the height of a lighting fixture that illuminates a three-dimensional object and a sense of brightness.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a relationship between an azimuth angle and a sense of brightness of a lighting device that illuminates a three-dimensional object.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Office worker 2 Lighting equipment 3 Desk 4 Ceiling surface 5 People 6 Lighting equipment 7 Desk 8 Ceiling surface

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. A luminaire for illuminating a spherical three-dimensional object from substantially above, wherein the maximum illuminance among the illuminances generated on the surface of the three-dimensional object is 5 to 10 times the minimum illuminance.
A lighting method for illuminating the three-dimensional object with the lighting fixture. 2. The horizontal direction of the center of a spherical solid object is 0.
[Degree], and the elevation angle is 45 [degree] with 90 [deg.] Right above.
A luminaire that illuminates the three-dimensional object from a position having a center in the range of 60 degrees or less is provided, and among the illuminances generated on the surface of the three-dimensional object, the maximum illuminance is 5 times or more the minimum illuminance 10
An illuminating method characterized by illuminating the three-dimensional object with the luminaire so that the number of times is double or less. 3. A horizontal direction of the center of a spherical solid object having a small protrusion at an arbitrary position on the surface having the same height as the center is 0.
[Degree], and the elevation angle is 45 [degree] with 90 [deg.] Right above.
An azimuth angle in the range of 60 degrees or more and 0 degree from the center of the three-dimensional object as the front direction is the front direction and 90 degrees is 90 degrees in the lateral direction orthogonal to the front direction. A lighting fixture that illuminates the three-dimensional object from a position having a center in the range of [degrees] to 60 [degrees], in which the maximum illuminance of the illuminance generated on the surface of the three-dimensional object is 5
An illuminating method comprising illuminating the three-dimensional object with the luminaire so as to be more than twice and less than 10 times. 4. A solid angle of a light emitting portion of a lighting fixture that illuminates a spherical solid object viewed from the center of the solid object is 4 times or less than a solid angle of the solid object viewed from the center of the lighting device. The illumination method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized by the above. 5. The luminosity of a lighting device for illuminating a spherical three-dimensional object toward the center of the three-dimensional object has an average illuminance of 1 [l on the desk surface.
x] is 3.0 [cd] or more and 5.0 [cd] or less, The illumination method according to claim 1. 6. The illuminating method according to claim 1, wherein the illuminating device for illuminating a spherical three-dimensional object emits substantially parallel light rays.