JPH0926570A - Liquid crystal display - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] [Object] To provide a liquid crystal display device having a good display quality without shadowing by reducing the resistance of a transparent electrode without improving the aperture ratio and improving the dullness of a driving waveform. [Structure] The two electrode substrates 11 and 12 are viewed from the direction perpendicular to the faces of the electrode substrates 11 and 12 which face each other with the faces of a plurality of strip-shaped transparent electrodes 31 and 32 provided in parallel with each other. In this case, the liquid crystal display element 62 is formed by superposing the sealing material 52 and the spacer 65 with a predetermined gap therebetween so that the transparent electrodes 31 and 32 are orthogonal to each other, and sealing the liquid crystal layer 50 with the sealing material 52. , A color filter 33 is provided on the surface of the electrode substrate 11 corresponding to a pixel, a protective film 23 is provided substantially flat on the color filter 33, and the transparent electrode 31 and the color filter 33 on a portion other than the pixel are provided thereon. A light-shielding film 1 made of a metal was provided on the above, and the light-shielding film 1 and the transparent electrode 31 were connected.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device,
In particular, the present invention relates to a technique suitable for application to a simple matrix type color liquid crystal display device having a color filter.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A simple matrix type liquid crystal display device is
For example, two transparent insulating substrates made of glass or the like are stacked with a predetermined gap so that the surfaces on which the transparent electrodes for display and the alignment films are laminated face each other, and the transparent insulating substrates are placed near the peripheral edge between the two substrates. By the seal material provided in the frame shape (square shape),
While bonding both substrates, liquid crystal is sealed and sealed inside the seal material between both substrates from the liquid crystal sealing port which is a notch provided in a part of the seal material, and a polarizing plate is placed outside both substrates. A liquid crystal display device (that is, a liquid crystal display panel, LCD: liquid crystal display (Liquid crystal display)
d Crystal Display)), a backlight arranged below the liquid crystal display element to supply light to the liquid crystal display element, and a liquid crystal driving circuit board arranged outside or under the outer peripheral portion of the liquid crystal display element. A frame-shaped body that is a molded product that holds each member, and a metal frame that accommodates each member and has a display window opened. In addition, a plurality of transparent electrodes are formed in parallel in a strip shape on each substrate, and intersect at right angles when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface. The area where the upper and lower transparent electrodes overlap constitutes a pixel, and by applying pulse voltage between the transparent electrodes of both substrates, the shape of the liquid crystal is displaced by the voltage and the liquid crystal molecules are driven, and a predetermined display is performed. .

The conventional twisted nematic type of liquid crystal display device is a 90 ° nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy between two electrode substrates.
It has a twisted spiral structure, and a pair of polarizing plates are arranged outside both electrode substrates so that the polarization axis (or absorption axis) is orthogonal or parallel to the axis of liquid crystal molecules adjacent to the electrode substrates. It was something that was done (Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-136)
No. 66).

In such a liquid crystal display device having a twist angle of 90 °, there are problems in the steepness γ of the change in the transmittance of the liquid crystal layer with respect to the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer and in the viewing angle characteristics. The practical limit was 64 for the number of electrodes). However, in order to cope with recent demands for improving the image quality and increasing the amount of display information for liquid crystal display elements, the twist angle α of the liquid crystal molecules sandwiched between a pair of polarizing plates is set to be larger than 180 °, and the voltage applied to this liquid crystal layer is increased. In the Applied Physics Letter No. 45, No. 5, it is possible to improve the time-sharing drive characteristic and increase the number of time-sharing by detecting a change in the birefringence effect of the liquid crystal layer due to the above. 10, 1021, 1984 (Applied Physics Lette
r, T. J. Scheffer, J. Nehring: “A new, highly mul
A super twisted birefringence (SBE) liquid crystal display device has been proposed.

[0005]

The conventional simple matrix type liquid crystal display device has a problem that a display defect called shadowing is likely to occur. This is because the drive waveform is blunted due to the resistance of the elongated transparent electrode pattern, and as a result, the effective applied voltage decreases as the distance from the power supply side increases. Therefore, it is necessary for the transparent electrode material to have a sufficiently low resistance, but the resistance of the ITO (indium tin oxide) film, which is the most popular material at present, is 1
It is not sufficiently low at about 10 ⁻⁴ Ω · cm.

To reduce the resistance of the transparent electrode pattern, a technique of adding a metal wiring on the transparent electrode or below the transparent electrode has been conventionally proposed. However, since the metal wiring shields light, the aperture ratio (one pixel Area of the opening / total area of one pixel)
, The brightness, which is an important characteristic of the liquid crystal display device, decreases the display quality, and increases the power consumption for brightening the backlight.

An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device having a transparent electrode having a low resistance, a driving waveform being rounded and having a good display quality without shadowing without lowering the aperture ratio. is there.

[0008]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a method of stacking two transparent insulating substrates at a predetermined interval so that the surfaces on the side provided with transparent electrodes face each other. A liquid crystal having a liquid crystal display element formed by bonding both substrates with a sealing material provided in a frame shape around the edge between the two substrates and sealing a liquid crystal between the two substrates inside the sealing material. In the display device, a light-shielding film made of metal is provided on at least one portion of the surface of the substrate other than the pixel, and the light-shielding film and the transparent electrode are connected to each other.

Further, the two transparent insulating substrates are overlapped with a predetermined gap so that the surfaces on the side where the transparent electrodes are provided face each other, and a frame-like seal is provided around the edge between the two substrates. In a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal display element formed by bonding both substrates by a material and sealing liquid crystal between the two substrates inside the sealing material, corresponding to at least one pixel on the surface of the substrate A color filter is provided on a portion to be covered, a protective film is provided on the color filter, the transparent electrode is provided on the protective film, and a light shielding film made of metal is provided on a portion other than the pixel. It is characterized in that the electrodes are connected to each other.

Further, a first transparent insulating substrate having a plurality of strip-shaped first transparent electrodes provided in parallel with each other and a second transparent insulating substrate having a plurality of strip-shaped second transparent electrodes provided in parallel with each other. A surface of the substrate on which the transparent electrodes are provided faces each other, and the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode intersect each other when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface, The substrates are overlapped with each other with a predetermined gap therebetween, and the substrates are attached to each other by a sealing material provided in a frame shape around the edge between the substrates, and liquid crystal is sealed between the substrates inside the sealing material. In a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal display element, a color filter is provided at a portion corresponding to a pixel on at least one surface of the substrate, and a protective film is provided on the color filter substantially flatly. To the transparent electrode, before each Between the pixel, the strip-shaped light-shielding film of a plurality of made of metal is provided and is characterized in that connected each said light-shielding film and a respective said transparent electrode, respectively.

Further, the light shielding film is made of Cr (resistance: 19 μm).
Ω · cm), Ni (7 μΩ · cm), Al (2.7 μΩ)
.Cm) or at least one layer of these alloys.

[0012]

In the present invention, since the metal light-shielding film provided in a portion other than the pixel is connected to the transparent electrode and is used as the metal wiring for lowering the resistance of the transparent electrode, the aperture ratio is not lowered.
The resistance of the transparent electrode can be lowered to improve the dullness of the driving waveform and prevent the occurrence of shadowing.

[0013]

1 is a schematic sectional view showing the structure of a liquid crystal display element of a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the drawings described below, components having the same function are designated by the same reference numeral, and repeated description thereof will be omitted.

62 is a liquid crystal display device, 11 is an electrode substrate (transparent insulating substrate) made of glass or the like, 33 is a plurality of strips corresponding to pixels on the surface of the electrode substrate 11, red (R), green (G). , A color filter in which three primary colors of blue (B) are sequentially arranged in parallel with each other, and 23 is a protection made of, for example, a UV-curable acrylate provided on the color filter 33 in a substantially flat manner by a known technique such as coating. A film (or a smoothing layer), 1 is a light-shielding film (black matrix) made of metal, which is provided between the color filters 33 in the portion other than the pixels on the protective film 23 in a strip shape and arranged in parallel with each other, 31
Is a transparent electrode provided on the protective film 23 in parallel with each other in a strip shape corresponding to the pixel, 21 is an alignment film provided on the transparent electrode 31, for example, a rubbing treatment of a polyimide film or the like, and 12 is The other electrode substrate (transparent insulating substrate) made of glass or the like, 32 is a transparent electrode provided on the surface of the electrode substrate 12 in parallel with each other in a strip shape corresponding to a pixel, 2
2 is an alignment film provided on the transparent electrode 32, 50 is a liquid crystal layer, 5
2 is provided in a frame shape around the edge between both substrates 11 and 12, and is a sealing material for bonding both substrates 11 and 12 and sealing the liquid crystal layer 50 between both substrates 11 and 12 inside thereof. 65 is sprinkled between both substrates 11 and 12, and both substrates 1
It is a spacer made of plastic beads or the like for defining the interval of 1 and 12.

When viewed in a direction perpendicular to the surfaces of the electrode substrates 11 and 12, the transparent electrode 31 and the transparent electrode 32 are arranged so as to intersect each other at a right angle, and the patterns of the transparent electrodes 31 and 32 face each other. Pixels are arranged in a matrix in the overlapping portion of the both, and the angle formed by the rubbing directions of the alignment films 21 and 22 is a predetermined angle so that the electrode substrate 1 is formed.
1 and 12 are arranged.

The color filter 3 on the electrode substrate 11
3, only two transparent electrodes 31 and light-shielding films 1 are shown in FIG. 1, but it goes without saying that many are actually formed.

The light-shielding film 1 has a high light-shielding property and low resistance such as Cr (chrome), Ni (nickel), and Al.
(Aluminum), or at least one layer of these alloys. In this example, the Cr film is formed by sputtering to a thickness of about 1300Å. In addition,
The resistance of Cr is 19 μΩ · cm, the resistance of Ni is 7 μΩ · c
The resistance of m and Al is 2.7 μΩ · cm.

The light shielding film 1 is striped (striped) around each pixel, for example, between the transparent electrodes 31, that is, the color filters 33.
The effective display area of the pixel is partitioned by the stripes. Therefore, the contour of each pixel is made clear by the light shielding film 1, and the contrast is improved. That is, the light-shielding film 1 has two components, that is, the light-shielding around the pixel and the black matrix.
It has two functions.

In this embodiment, since the light-shielding film 1 provided in a portion other than the pixel is formed on the protective film 23 and the light-shielding film 1 and the transparent electrode 31 are connected to each other, the metal wiring is formed on the transparent electrode or below the transparent electrode. The resistance of the transparent electrode 31 can be reduced without lowering the aperture ratio, as compared with the conventional technique of adding. As a result, it is possible to prevent the effective applied voltage from decreasing as the distance from the power supply side increases due to the rounding of the drive waveform due to the resistance of the transparent electrode, prevent display defects such as shadowing, and improve display quality.

FIGS. 2 and 3 are diagrams for explaining the effect of the present invention. ITO having a sheet resistance of 8 Ω / □ and 4.5 Ω / □.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the combined sheet resistance of both and the film thickness of the light-shielding film when a light-shielding film (shunt bar) made of Cr, Ni, and Al is connected to the transparent electrode made of. FIG. 2 shows the case where the sheet resistance of the transparent electrode is 8 Ω / □, and FIG. 3 shows the case where it is 4.5 Ω / □. In each of FIGS.
r, (b) shows Ni, and (c) shows Al. In each figure, w represents the wiring width of the light shielding film, and w = 10 μm, 2
The case of 0 μm and 30 μm is shown.

From these figures, it is understood that the resistance can be lowered by connecting the light shielding film to the transparent electrode, and the resistance can be lowered as the film thickness is increased.

In this embodiment, the light-shielding film 1 and the color filter 33 are provided between the transparent electrodes 31 in a strip shape in the same extension direction as the transparent electrode 31, but as will be described later with reference to FIG. 1 and the color filter 33 may be provided in a band shape in a direction intersecting the transparent electrode 31 at a right angle, the transparent electrode 31 may be provided on the light shielding film 1, the both may be connected, and the alignment film 21 may be provided thereon. Further, by applying the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 10, the light-shielding film 1 and the color filter 33 or one of them is provided on both electrode substrates 11 and 12, and the light-shielding film 1 and the transparent electrodes 31 and 32 are provided. May be connected. Further, the light-shielding film 1 is formed on at least one of the electrode substrates 11 and 12
Alternatively, they may be provided in a grid pattern corresponding to the pixels. However, it is necessary to electrically separate adjacent transparent electrodes 31, 32 from each other.

FIG. 4 shows an arrangement direction of liquid crystal molecules on an electrode substrate (for example, a rubbing direction), a twisting direction of liquid crystal molecules, and a polarizing plate when the liquid crystal display element 62 of the liquid crystal display device to which the present invention is applied is viewed from above. Polarization axis (or absorption axis) of
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a principal part of the liquid crystal display element 62. FIG.

Twisting direction 10 of liquid crystal molecules and twist angle θ
Is a rubbing direction 6 of the alignment film 21 on the upper electrode substrate 11, a rubbing direction 7 of the alignment film 22 on the lower electrode substrate 12, and a positive dielectric anisotropy sandwiched between the upper electrode substrate 11 and the lower electrode substrate 12. It is defined by the type and amount of the optical rotatory substance added to the nematic liquid crystal layer 50 having the property.

In FIG. 5, in order to align the liquid crystal molecules between the upper and lower electrode substrates 11 and 12 sandwiching the liquid crystal layer 50 so as to form a twisted spiral structure, for example, a transparent upper layer made of glass is used. A method of rubbing the surface of the alignment films 21 and 22 made of an organic polymer resin made of polyimide, for example, in contact with the liquid crystal on the lower electrode substrates 11 and 12 with a cloth in one direction, that is, a so-called rubbing method is adopted. ing. The rubbing direction at this time, that is, the rubbing direction, the rubbing direction 6 for the upper electrode substrate 11, and the rubbing direction 7 for the lower electrode substrate 12 are the alignment directions of the liquid crystal molecules. The two upper and lower electrode substrates 1 that have been oriented in this way
The _first and second electrode substrates 11 and 12 are notched for injecting a liquid crystal, with the gaps d1 therebetween so that the rubbing directions 6 and 7 intersect each other at approximately 180 degrees to 360 degrees. A nematic liquid crystal having a positive dielectric anisotropy and a predetermined amount of a rotatory substance added to a gap between the two layers, ie, a frame-shaped sealing material 52 having a notch (a liquid crystal filling port) 51. When sealed, the liquid crystal molecules are arranged in a spiral structure with a twist angle θ in the figure between the electrode substrates. Reference numerals 31 and 32 are transparent upper and lower electrodes made of, for example, indium oxide or ITO (Indium Tin Oxide). A member that provides a birefringence effect above the upper electrode substrate 11 of the liquid crystal cell 60 configured as described above (hereinafter, referred to as a birefringent member. Fujimura et al., "Phase Difference Film for STN-LCD", Magazine Electronic Materials, 1991, Feb. Month issue 3
Page 7-41) 40, and the member 4
0 and the upper and lower polarizers 15 and 16 with the liquid crystal cell 60 interposed therebetween.
Is provided.

The twist angle θ of the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal 50 can take a value in the range of 180 ° to 360 °, but is preferably 200 ° to 300 °, but lighting in the vicinity of the threshold value of the transmittance-applied voltage curve. From the practical viewpoint of avoiding the phenomenon that the state becomes an orientation that scatters light and maintaining excellent time division characteristics, the range of 230 to 270 degrees is more preferable. This condition basically acts to make the response of the liquid crystal molecules to the voltage more sensitive and to realize excellent time division characteristics. In order to obtain excellent display quality and the refractive index anisotropy [Delta] n ₁ of the liquid crystal layer 50 a product [Delta] n ₁ of the thickness d ₁
-D ₁ is preferably set in the range of 0.5 μm to 1.0 μm, more preferably 0.6 μm to 0.9 μm.

The birefringent member 40 acts so as to modulate the polarization state of the light passing through the liquid crystal cell 60, and converts the liquid crystal cell 60 alone, which was capable of only colored display, into black and white display. Thus the birefringent member 40 refractive index anisotropy [Delta] n ₂ and is extremely important product [Delta] n ₂ · d ₂ of a thickness d _2, preferably 0.8μm from 0.4 .mu.m, more preferably 0.5μm To a range of 0.7 μm.

Further, since the liquid crystal display element 62 uses the elliptically polarized light due to the birefringence, the axes of the polarizing plates 15 and 16 and the optical axis of the uniaxial transparent birefringent plate when the birefringent member 40 is used. And the electrode substrate 11 of the liquid crystal cell 60,
The relationship between the twelve liquid crystal alignment directions 6 and 7 is extremely important.

The function and effect of the above relationship will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 shows the axis of the polarizing plate and the optical axis of the uniaxial transparent birefringent member when the liquid crystal display device having the configuration shown in FIG. 5 is viewed from above.
3 shows the relationship between the alignment directions of liquid crystal molecule axes of an electrode substrate of a liquid crystal cell.

In FIG. 5, 5 is the optical axis of the uniaxial transparent birefringent member 40, 6 is the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules of the birefringent member 40 and the upper electrode substrate 11 adjacent thereto, and 7 is the lower electrode substrate 12. The liquid crystal alignment direction, 8 is the absorption axis or polarization axis of the upper polarization plate 15, 9 is the absorption axis or polarization axis of the lower polarization plate 16, and the angle α is uniaxial birefringence with the liquid crystal alignment direction 6 of the upper electrode substrate 11. The angle β formed by the optical axis 5 of the member 40 is the angle formed by the absorption axis or polarization axis 8 of the upper polarizing plate 15 and the optical axis 5 of the uniaxial transparent birefringent member 40, and the angle γ is the lower polarizing plate 16. Is the angle between the absorption axis or polarization axis 9 of the liquid crystal and the liquid crystal alignment direction 7 of the lower electrode substrate 12.

Here, how to measure the angles α, β, and γ in this specification will be defined. In FIG. 9, an example will be described in which the angle of intersection between the optical axis 5 of the birefringent member 40 and the liquid crystal alignment direction 6 of the upper electrode substrate is used. The intersection angle between the optical axis 5 and the liquid crystal alignment direction 6 is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. ₂ , it can be represented by φ ₁ and φ ₂ , but in the present specification, the smaller corner of φ ₁ and φ ₂ is adopted. That is, since φ ₁ <φ ₂ in FIG. 9A, φ ₁ is defined as an intersection angle α between the optical axis 5 and the liquid crystal alignment direction 6,
Since φ ₁ > φ ₂ in FIG. 9B, φ ₂ is defined as an intersection angle α between the optical axis 5 and the liquid crystal alignment direction 6. Of course, either one may be adopted when φ ₁ = φ ₂ .

In the liquid crystal display device, the angles α, β and γ are extremely important.

The angle α is preferably 50 ° to 90 °, more preferably 70 ° to 90 °, the angle β is preferably 20 ° to 70 °, more preferably 30 ° to 60 °, and the angle γ is preferably. It is desirable to set each to 0 to 70 degrees, and more preferably to 0 to 50 degrees.

If the twist angle θ of the liquid crystal layer 50 of the liquid crystal cell 60 is in the range of 180 ° to 360 °, the twist angle 10 may be either clockwise or counterclockwise. α, β and γ may be in the above range.

In FIG. 5, the birefringent member 40 is arranged between the upper polarizing plate 15 and the upper electrode substrate 11, but instead of this position, the lower electrode substrate 12 and the lower polarizing plate 16 are provided.
And may be arranged between them. This case corresponds to a case where the entire configuration of FIG. 5 is inverted.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a specific example of the twist angle θ and the like. As shown in the figure, the twist angle θ of the liquid crystal molecules is 240 degrees, and as the uniaxial transparent birefringent member 40, a liquid crystal cell having a parallel orientation (homogeneous orientation), that is, a twist angle of 0 degree was used. Here, the thickness d (μm) of the liquid crystal layer and the helical pitch p (μ of the liquid crystal material added with the optical rotatory substance)
The ratio d / p of m) was set to 0.67. Alignment films 21 and 22
Was used, which was formed of a polyimide resin film and rubbed. The tilt angle (pretilt angle) at which the alignment film subjected to the rubbing process causes the liquid crystal molecules in contact with the alignment film to be tilted with respect to the substrate surface is 4 degrees. Δn ₂ · d ₂ of the uniaxial transparent birefringent member 40 is about 0.6 μm. On the other hand, Δn ₁ · of the liquid crystal layer 50 in which the liquid crystal molecules are twisted by 240 degrees
d ₁ is about 0.8 μm.

At this time, by setting the angle α to about 90 degrees, the angle β to about 30 degrees, and the angle γ to about 30 degrees, the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 50 via the upper and lower electrodes 31 and 32 is increased. When the voltage is below the threshold value, light non-transmission, that is, black display, and when the voltage exceeds a threshold value, light transmission, that is, white and black display, can be realized. In addition, the axis of the lower polarizing plate 16 is 50
When rotated 90 degrees from 90 degrees, white display was realized when the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 50 was below the threshold value, and black when the voltage was above the threshold value, which was the reverse of the above.

FIG. 7 shows changes in contrast during time-division driving at 1/200 duty when the angle α is changed in the configuration of FIG. Although the contrast was extremely high when the angle α was in the vicinity of 90 degrees, the contrast decreased as the angle deviated. Moreover, when the angle α is small, both the lighting part and the non-lighting part are bluish, and when the angle α is large, the non-lighting part is purple and the lighting part is yellow, and in any case black and white display is impossible. Similar results are obtained for the angle β and the angle γ, but in the case of the angle γ, as described above, when the image is rotated from 50 degrees to 90 degrees, the black and white display is reversed.

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing another specific example of the twist angle θ and the like. The basic structure is the same as the specific example shown in FIG.
However, the twist angle of the liquid crystal molecules of the liquid crystal layer 50 is 260 degrees,
The difference is that Δn ₁ · d ₁ is about 0.65 μm to 0.75 μm. The Δn ₂ · d ₂ of the parallel alignment liquid crystal layer used as the uniaxial transparent birefringent member 40 is about 0.5, which is the same as that in the above-mentioned specific example.
8 μm. The thickness d ₁ (μm) of the liquid crystal layer and the helical pitch p (μm) of the nematic liquid crystal material added with the optically active substance.
And the ratio was set to d / p = 0.72.

At this time, by setting the angle α to about 100 degrees, the angle β to about 35 degrees, and the angle γ to about 15 degrees, the black and white display similar to that in the first specific example was realized. Also, the reverse black-and-white display is possible by rotating the position of the axis of the lower polarizing plate from the above value by 50 to 90 degrees, which is similar to the first specific example. The tendency with respect to the deviations of the angles α, β, and γ is almost the same as in the first specific example.

In any of the specific examples described above, as the uniaxial transparent birefringent member 40, a parallel alignment liquid crystal cell in which liquid crystal molecules are not twisted is used, but rather a liquid crystal layer in which liquid crystal molecules are twisted by about 20 to 60 degrees is used. There is less color change depending on the angle. Like the above-mentioned liquid crystal layer 50, this twisted liquid crystal layer is formed by sandwiching liquid crystal between a pair of transparent substrates that have been subjected to the alignment treatment so that the alignment treatment directions intersect a predetermined twist angle. It In this case, the bisected angle of the two orientation treatment directions sandwiching the twisted structure of the liquid crystal molecules may be treated as the optical axis of the birefringent member. A transparent polymer film may be used as the birefringent member 40 (uniaxially stretched film is preferable at this time). In this case, PET (polyethylene terephthalate), acrylic resin film and polycarbonate are effective as the polymer film.

Further, although the single birefringent member is used in the above embodiment, in addition to the birefringent member 40 in FIG. 5, another birefringent member is provided between the lower electrode substrate 12 and the lower polarizing plate 16. It is also possible to insert a bending member. In this case, Δn ₂ · d ₂ of these birefringent members should be readjusted.

However, as shown in FIG. 10, the upper electrode substrate 1
Red, green and blue color filters 33R, 33G, 3
By providing 3B and providing the light-shielding film 1 between the filters 33R, 33G, 33B, multicolor display is possible. FIG. 8 shows the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules in the above specific example,
The relationship between the twist direction of liquid crystal molecules, the axis direction of the polarizing plate, and the optical axis of the birefringent member is shown.

In FIG. 10, a smoothing film 23 made of an insulating material is formed on each of the color filters 33R, 33G and 33B in order to reduce the influence of these irregularities.
The light-shielding film 1 is formed between the color filters 33R, 33G, and 33B, and the upper electrode 31 is formed on the light-shielding film 1 so as to be connected to the light-shielding film 1, and the alignment film 21 is formed thereon. In addition, the upper electrode 1 and the color filters 33R, 33R
G, 33B and the light shielding film 1 are formed so as to intersect each other at a right angle.

FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view showing a liquid crystal display element 62, a drive circuit for driving the liquid crystal display element 62, and a liquid crystal display module 63 in which a light source is compactly integrated. IC 34 for driving the liquid crystal display element 62
Is mounted on a frame-shaped printed circuit board 35 having a window for fitting the liquid crystal display element 62 in the center. The printed circuit board 35 in which the liquid crystal display element 62 is fitted is fitted in the window portion of the frame-like body 42 formed by plastic molding,
The metal frame 41 is superposed on this, and the claw 43 is bent into the notch 44 formed in the frame-shaped body 42 to fix the frame 41 to the frame-shaped body 42.

A cold cathode fluorescent tube 36 arranged at the upper and lower ends of the liquid crystal display element 62, a light guide plate 37 made of an acrylic plate for uniformly irradiating the liquid crystal display cell 60 with light from the cold cathode fluorescent tube 36, a metal A reflecting plate 38 formed by applying white paint to the plate and a diffusing plate 39 made of milky white polycarbonate that diffuses the light from the light guide plate 37 are arranged in the order of FIG. Fit in. An inverter power supply circuit (not shown) for lighting the cold cathode fluorescent tube 36 is located at a position (not shown) provided on the back side of the right side of the frame-shaped body 42 and facing the recess 45 of the reflection plate 38. .). The diffusion plate 39, the light guide plate 37, the cold cathode fluorescent tubes 36, and the reflection plate 38 are configured such that a tongue piece 46 provided on the reflection plate 38 is provided on a forehead 47 provided on the frame 42.
It is fixed by folding in.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a laptop personal computer using the liquid crystal display module 63 for the display section, and FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a state in which the liquid crystal display module 63 is mounted on the laptop personal computer 64. In this laptop personal computer 64, the microprocessor 4
The result calculated in 9 is transferred to the liquid crystal display module 63 by the liquid crystal driving semiconductor IC 34 via the control LSI 48.
Is to be driven.

As described above, according to the specific example, it is possible to realize a field effect liquid crystal display device having excellent time-division driving characteristics and capable of monochrome and multicolor display.

Although the present invention has been specifically described based on the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. .

[0050]

As described above, according to the present invention,
Without lowering the aperture ratio, lower the resistance of the transparent electrode,
The dullness of the driving waveform can be improved to prevent the occurrence of shadowing, and the display quality can be improved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the structure of a liquid crystal display element of a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

2A to 2C are diagrams showing a comparison of synthetic sheet resistances of a transparent electrode and a light-shielding film for explaining the effect of the present invention.

3A to 3C are diagrams showing a comparison of synthetic sheet resistances of a transparent electrode and a light-shielding film for explaining the effect of the present invention.

FIG. 4 shows an example of the relationship among the arrangement direction of liquid crystal molecules, the twist direction of liquid crystal molecules, the direction of the axis of a polarizing plate, and the optical axis of a birefringent member in a simple matrix type liquid crystal display device to which the present invention can be applied. FIG.

FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of a main part of an example of a liquid crystal display element.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship among a twist direction of liquid crystal molecules, a direction of an axis of a polarizing plate, and an optical axis of a birefringent member in another example of a liquid crystal display device.

7 is a graph showing contrast and transmitted light color-crossing angle α characteristics for the example of FIG. 4 of the liquid crystal display device.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing the relationship among the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules, the twist direction of liquid crystal molecules, the direction of the axis of a polarizing plate, and the optical axis of a birefringent member in a liquid crystal display element of yet another example.

FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining how to measure the intersection angles α, β, and γ.

FIG. 10 is a partially cutaway perspective view of an example of an upper electrode substrate portion of a color liquid crystal display element.

FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view of an example of a liquid crystal display module.

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of an example of a laptop computer.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of an example of a laptop computer.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 ... Shading film (black matrix), 11, 12 ... Electrode substrate (transparent insulating substrate), 21, 22 ... Alignment film, 23 ... Protective film (smooth layer), 31, 32 ... Transparent electrode, 33 ... Color filter, 50 ... liquid crystal layer, 52 ... sealing material, 65 ... spacer.

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A seal provided in a frame shape around the edge between the two substrates, the two transparent insulating substrates being overlapped with each other so that the surfaces on the side where the transparent electrodes are provided face each other. In a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal display element formed by bonding both substrates by a material and sealing liquid crystal between the both substrates inside the sealing material, at least one pixel other than pixels on the surface of the substrate A liquid crystal display device, wherein a light-shielding film made of metal is provided in a portion, and the light-shielding film and the transparent electrode are connected. 2. A seal provided in a frame shape around the edge between the two substrates, the two transparent insulating substrates being overlapped with each other so that the surfaces on the side where the transparent electrodes are provided face each other. In a liquid crystal display device having a liquid crystal display element formed by bonding both substrates by a material and sealing liquid crystal between the two substrates inside the sealing material, corresponding to at least one pixel on the surface of the substrate A color filter is provided on a portion to be covered, a protective film is provided on the color filter, the transparent electrode is provided on the protective film, and a light shielding film made of metal is provided on a portion other than the pixel. A liquid crystal display device characterized in that electrodes are connected to each other. 3. A first transparent insulating substrate having a plurality of strip-shaped first transparent electrodes provided in parallel with each other, and a second transparent insulating substrate having a plurality of strip-shaped second transparent electrodes provided in parallel with each other. The substrate and the surface provided with each transparent electrode face each other,
And, the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode are overlapped with each other with a predetermined gap so that the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode cross each other when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the substrate surface, and the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode are overlapped with each other around the edge between the two substrates. At least one of the substrates is a liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal display element formed by sealing the liquid crystal between the two substrates inside the sealing material while bonding the two substrates by a frame-shaped sealing material. A color filter is provided on a portion of the surface corresponding to the pixel, a protective film is provided substantially flat on the color filter, the transparent electrode is provided on the protective film, and a plurality of metal layers are provided between the pixels. A liquid crystal display device, characterized in that a band-shaped light-shielding film is provided, and each of the light-shielding films and each of the transparent electrodes are connected to each other. 4. The liquid crystal display device according to claim 1, wherein the light-shielding film is made of at least one layer of Cr, Ni, Al, or an alloy thereof.