JPH0663947A - Waste plastic separation and collection method - Google Patents
Waste plastic separation and collection methodInfo
- Publication number
- JPH0663947A JPH0663947A JP22421092A JP22421092A JPH0663947A JP H0663947 A JPH0663947 A JP H0663947A JP 22421092 A JP22421092 A JP 22421092A JP 22421092 A JP22421092 A JP 22421092A JP H0663947 A JPH0663947 A JP H0663947A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- cyclone
- specific gravity
- waste plastic
- pressurized liquid
- gravity material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 ether ester Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002736 nonionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013502 plastic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling
Landscapes
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Cyclones (AREA)
- Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
Abstract
(57)【要約】
【目的】 プラスチックがいかなる形状をなしていて
も、これをサイクロンによって高比重物と低比重物とに
効率的かつ高収率に分離回収できる方法を提供する。
【構成】 廃プラスチックの混合物をサイクロン方式で
高比重物と低比重物とに分離するに当たり、サイクロン
の前流で廃プラスチック含有液を加圧液槽に通すことを
特徴とする廃プラスチックの分離回収方法である。
(57) [Summary] [Purpose] To provide a method capable of efficiently separating and recovering a plastic having any shape into a high specific gravity material and a low specific gravity material by a cyclone in a high yield. [Structure] When separating a mixture of waste plastics into a high specific gravity product and a low specific gravity product by a cyclone method, the waste plastics-containing liquid is passed through a pressurized liquid tank in the upstream of the cyclone, and the separation and recovery of the waste plastics is performed. Is the way.
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、種々の廃プラスチック
の混合物をサイクロン方式で高比重物と低比重物とに分
離し、これらを別々に回収する方法に関するものであ
る。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for separating a mixture of various waste plastics into a high specific gravity material and a low specific gravity material by a cyclone method and recovering them separately.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】ポリ塩化ビニルを含むプラスチック廃棄
物を一括処理すると、回収プラスチックをリサイクルす
る場合、多種類のプラスチックが混在するため、リサイ
クルプラスチックの質が低下し、また、回収プラスチッ
クを焼却処理する場合は、混在するポリ塩化ビニルの焼
却に伴って塩化水素ガスが発生し、これが焼却炉を損傷
し、さらには公害の発生原因にもなる。2. Description of the Related Art When plastic waste containing polyvinyl chloride is collectively processed, when recycled plastics are recycled, many kinds of plastics are mixed, the quality of recycled plastics deteriorates, and the recovered plastics are incinerated. In this case, hydrogen chloride gas is generated along with the incineration of the mixed polyvinyl chloride, which damages the incinerator and causes pollution.
【０００３】従来のサイクロン方式による廃プラスチッ
ク混合物の分離回収方法では、図４に示すように、攪拌
機(21)を備えた混合槽(22)に廃プラスチック片を投入
し、水で分散させる。ついでこの分散液をポンプ(23)を
介してサイクロン(24)へ送り、サイクロン(24)の頂部か
ら低比重のプラスチックを、同底部から高比重のプラス
チックをそれぞれ分離回収する。また、分離効率を上げ
るには、サイクロンの段数を増すなどの方策を取る。In a conventional method for separating and collecting a waste plastic mixture by a cyclone system, as shown in FIG. 4, waste plastic pieces are put into a mixing tank (22) equipped with a stirrer (21) and dispersed with water. Then, this dispersion liquid is sent to the cyclone (24) through the pump (23) to separate and collect the low specific gravity plastic from the top of the cyclone (24) and the high specific gravity plastic from the bottom thereof. In order to improve the separation efficiency, take measures such as increasing the number of cyclone stages.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】しかし、上述した従来
の方法では、処理すべき廃プラスチックが凹凸状の複雑
な形状をなす場合には、廃プラスチック片は水中分散状
態でプラスチック表面に気泡を抱いている。したがっ
て、この分散液がサイクロンを通過すると、本来なら重
液側（高比重物回収側）に回収されるべき高比重の廃プ
ラスチックが、気泡を抱き込んだことによってみかけ上
比重の低下を招いて軽液側（低比重物回収側）に回収さ
れ、分離効率が悪くなる。However, in the above-mentioned conventional method, when the waste plastic to be treated has an uneven and complicated shape, the waste plastic pieces are dispersed in water and contain air bubbles on the plastic surface. ing. Therefore, when this dispersion passes through the cyclone, the waste plastic with a high specific gravity, which should have been normally recovered on the heavy liquid side (high specific gravity material recovery side), causes the apparent specific gravity to drop due to the inclusion of air bubbles. It is collected on the light liquid side (low specific gravity material recovery side), and the separation efficiency deteriorates.
【０００５】本発明は、上記の点に鑑み、プラスチック
がいかなる形状をなしていても、これをサイクロンによ
って高比重物と低比重物とに効率的かつ高収率に分離回
収できる方法を提供することを目的とする。In view of the above points, the present invention provides a method for efficiently separating a plastic having any shape into a high specific gravity material and a low specific gravity material by a cyclone in a high yield. The purpose is to
【０００６】[0006]
【課題を解決するための手段】本発明によるプラスチッ
クの分離回収方法は、上記目的を達成すべく工夫された
ものであって、廃プラスチックの混合物をサイクロン方
式で高比重物と低比重物とに分離するに当たり、サイク
ロンの前流で廃プラスチックを加圧液槽に通すことを特
徴とするものである。The method for separating and recovering plastics according to the present invention is devised to achieve the above object, and a waste plastic mixture is converted into a high specific gravity material and a low specific gravity material by a cyclone method. In separating, the waste plastic is passed through a pressurized liquid tank in the upstream of the cyclone.
【０００７】加圧液槽はサイクロンの前流であればどの
位置に設置してもよいが、好ましくは、分散液調製用の
前部混合槽と、再混合用の後部混合槽との間に設けられ
る。また、加圧液槽は、単一でもあってもよいが、並列
状に複数設けられていてもよい。加圧液槽は、好ましく
は、供給された廃プラスチック片と液との接触を良好な
らしめる攪拌機を備えている。The pressurized liquid tank may be installed at any position as long as it is in front of the cyclone, but preferably, it is provided between the front mixing tank for preparing the dispersion liquid and the rear mixing tank for remixing. It is provided. Further, the pressurized liquid tank may be a single unit or a plurality of pressurized liquid units may be provided in parallel. The pressurized liquid tank is preferably equipped with a stirrer that makes good contact between the supplied waste plastic pieces and the liquid.
【０００８】加圧液槽の圧力は高い方が好ましいが、通
常は１．５ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ2 Ｇ以上、例えば１．８ｋｇｆ
／ｃｍ2 Ｇ前後である。The pressure in the pressurized liquid tank is preferably high, but usually 1.5 kgf / cm 2 G or more, for example 1.8 kgf.
/ Cm 2 G or so.
【０００９】加圧液槽の液は、水であってもよいが、界
面活性剤を含む水、または、水の表面張力を下げるエタ
ノールなどであってもよい。The liquid in the pressurized liquid tank may be water, but may also be water containing a surfactant, or ethanol for lowering the surface tension of water.
【００１０】界面活性剤としては非イオン界面活性剤が
好ましく、エーテル型、エーテルエステル型およびエス
テル型のもののうちから最適のものが選定される。界面
活性剤の濃度は限定はされないが、比較的高濃度（１５
０ｐｐｍ以上が好ましい）である。界面活性剤の使用に
より、廃プラスチックの表面に付着していた気泡や汚れ
を取り除くと共に、同表面に界面活性剤の薄膜を形成す
ることができる。The surfactant is preferably a nonionic surfactant, and the optimum one is selected from the ether type, ether ester type and ester type. The concentration of the surfactant is not limited, but it is relatively high (15
0 ppm or more is preferable). By using the surfactant, it is possible to remove air bubbles and stains attached to the surface of the waste plastic and form a thin film of the surfactant on the surface.
【００１１】[0011]
【作用】本発明による廃プラスチックの分離回収方法で
は、廃プラスチックの混合物をサイクロン方式で高比重
物と低比重物とに分離するに当たり、サイクロンの前流
で廃プラスチックを加圧液槽に通すので、廃プラスチッ
クの表面に付着していた気泡を取り除くと共に、同表面
の細孔内の奥深くまで液を浸透させることができ、廃プ
ラスチックと液との濡れ性を改善することができる。細
孔内の奥深くに押し込まれた空気は、加圧液槽を出たと
きの減圧状態でフラッシュ作用により細孔から抜け出
る。In the method for separating and recovering waste plastics according to the present invention, when the waste plastics mixture is separated into the high specific gravity material and the low specific gravity material by the cyclone method, the waste plastics are passed through the pressurized liquid tank in the upstream of the cyclone. The bubbles adhering to the surface of the waste plastic can be removed, and the liquid can penetrate deep into the pores on the surface, and the wettability between the waste plastic and the liquid can be improved. The air pushed deep inside the pores escapes from the pores by the flash action in the depressurized state when leaving the pressurized liquid tank.
【００１２】その結果、廃プラスチックをその表面に気
泡を抱き込ませない状態でサイクロンに供給することが
できる。したがって、廃プラスチックの形状に関係なく
これをサイクロンによって高比重物と低比重物とに完全
に区分して、これらを効率的かつ高収率に分離回収する
ことができる。As a result, the waste plastic can be supplied to the cyclone in a state where bubbles are not held on the surface of the waste plastic. Therefore, regardless of the shape of the waste plastic, it can be completely separated into a high specific gravity material and a low specific gravity material by a cyclone, and these can be efficiently separated and recovered in a high yield.
【００１３】[0013]
【実施例】つぎに、本発明による廃プラスチックの分離
回収方法を実施例により具体的に説明する。EXAMPLES Next, the method for separating and collecting waste plastics according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Examples.
【００１４】実施例 図１において、まず、ポリエチレン（比重０．９３）１
ｋｇ、ポリ塩化ビニル（軟質、比重１．１９）１ｋｇお
よびポリ塩化ビニル（硬質、比重１．３５）１ｋｇから
なる廃プラスチック片を、攪拌機(1) を備えた１ｍ3 の
前部混合槽(2)に投入し、水で分散させた。ついでこの
分散液をポンプ(3) を介して、並列状に設けられた２基
の加圧液槽(4) へ送った。これら加圧液槽(4) は、それ
ぞれ０．５ｍ3 の容量を有し、攪拌機(5) を備え、加圧
液槽の圧力は１．８ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ2 Ｇになされている。
各加圧液槽(4) には圧検出制御装置(6) が設けられ、同
装置からの信号で槽出口のコントロールバルブ(7) が調
節されることにより、加圧液槽(4) の圧力が所定値に制
御される。Example In FIG. 1, first, polyethylene (specific gravity 0.93) 1
kg, polyvinyl chloride (soft, specific gravity 1.19) 1 kg, and polyvinyl chloride (hard, specific gravity 1.35) 1 kg waste plastic pieces were mixed with a 1 m 3 front mixing tank (2) equipped with a stirrer (1). ) And dispersed with water. Then, this dispersion liquid was sent via a pump (3) to two pressurized liquid tanks (4) arranged in parallel. Each of these pressurized liquid tanks (4) has a capacity of 0.5 m 3 , is equipped with a stirrer (5), and the pressure of the pressurized liquid tank is 1.8 kgf / cm 2 G.
Each pressurized liquid tank (4) is equipped with a pressure detection control device (6), and the control valve (7) at the tank outlet is adjusted by a signal from the device to control the pressurized liquid tank (4). The pressure is controlled to a predetermined value.
【００１５】各加圧液槽(4) を出た廃プラスチック分散
液を、ついで、攪拌機(8) を備えた後部混合槽(9) へ送
り、水に再混合させた。ついでこの分散液をポンプ(10)
を介してサイクロン(11)へサイクロン入口流速３ｍ／se
c で送り、サイクロン(11)に通した。サイクロン(11)の
頂部から低比重のプラスチックであるポリエチレンが回
収率８６％で分離回収され、同底部から高比重のプラス
チックであるポリ塩化ビニルが回収率１４％（硬質、軟
質含む）で分離回収された。The waste plastic dispersion liquid discharged from each pressurized liquid tank (4) was then sent to a rear mixing tank (9) equipped with a stirrer (8) and remixed with water. Then pump this dispersion (10)
To the cyclone (11) via the cyclone inlet flow velocity 3m / se
sent by c and passed through the cyclone (11). Polyethylene, a low-density plastic, is separated and collected from the top of the cyclone (11) with a recovery rate of 86%, and polyvinyl chloride, a high-density plastic, is separated and collected from the bottom of the cyclone (11) with a recovery rate of 14% (including hard and soft). Was done.
【００１６】比較例 廃プラスチックを加圧液槽に通さないで直接混合槽(9)
に投入する点を除いて、実施例と同じ操作を行ったとこ
ろ、ポリエチレンの回収率は８２％で、ポリ塩化ビニル
（硬質、軟質含む）の回収率は１８％であった。Comparative Example Direct mixing tank (9) without passing waste plastic through the pressurized liquid tank
When the same operation as in the example was carried out except that the mixture was charged into the above, the recovery of polyethylene was 82% and the recovery of polyvinyl chloride (including hard and soft) was 18%.
【００１７】実施例および比較例の結果から明らかなよ
うに、本発明方法によれば軽液側に混ざって回収される
ポリ塩化ビニルの量が減少し、本発明方法の優れている
ことが認められる。As is clear from the results of Examples and Comparative Examples, the method of the present invention was found to be superior to the method of the present invention because the amount of polyvinyl chloride mixed and recovered on the light liquid side was reduced. To be
【００１８】[0018]
【発明の効果】本発明による廃プラスチックの分離回収
方法は、上記の如く構成されているので、廃プラスチッ
クと水との濡れ性を増加させることができる。その結
果、廃プラスチックをその表面に気泡を抱き込ませない
状態でサイクロンに供給することができる。したがっ
て、廃プラスチックの形状に関係なくこれをサイクロン
によって高比重物と低比重物とに効率的かつ高収率に分
離回収することができる。Since the method for separating and recovering waste plastic according to the present invention is constructed as described above, the wettability between the waste plastic and water can be increased. As a result, the waste plastic can be supplied to the cyclone without causing air bubbles to be trapped on its surface. Therefore, regardless of the shape of the waste plastic, it can be efficiently separated and recovered into a high specific gravity material and a low specific gravity material by a cyclone.
【図１】本発明方法のサイクロン方式による分離回収方
式を示すフローシートである。FIG. 1 is a flow sheet showing a separation and collection method by a cyclone method of the present invention.
【図２】従来方法のサイクロン方式による分離回収方式
を示すフローシートである。FIG. 2 is a flow sheet showing a separation and collection method by a conventional cyclone method.
(2) …前部混合槽 (4) …加圧液槽 (9) …後部混合槽 (11)…サイクロン (2)… Front mixing tank (4)… Pressurized liquid tank (9)… Rear mixing tank (11)… Cyclone
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (51)Int.Cl.5 識別記号 庁内整理番号 ＦＩ 技術表示箇所 // Ｂ２９Ｋ 105:26 (72)発明者 高倉 千登世 大阪市此花区西九条５丁目３番28号 日立 造船株式会社内 (72)発明者 伊藤 道雄 大阪市此花区西九条５丁目３番28号 日立 造船株式会社内─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. 5 Identification number Internal reference number FI Technical display location // B29K 105: 26 (72) Inventor Chitoyo Takakura 5-3-3, Nishikujo, Konohana-ku, Osaka Within Hitachi Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Michio Ito 5-3-8, Nishikujo 5-3, Konohana-ku, Osaka City Inside Hitachi Shipbuilding Co., Ltd.
Claims (1)
式で高比重物と低比重物とに分離するに当たり、サイク
ロンの前流で廃プラスチック含有液を加圧液槽に通すこ
とを特徴とする廃プラスチックの分離回収方法。1. When separating a mixture of waste plastics into a high specific gravity material and a low specific gravity material by a cyclone method, a waste plastic-containing liquid is passed through a pressurized liquid tank in the upstream of the cyclone. Separation and collection method.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22421092A JPH0663947A (en) | 1992-08-24 | 1992-08-24 | Waste plastic separation and collection method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22421092A JPH0663947A (en) | 1992-08-24 | 1992-08-24 | Waste plastic separation and collection method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH0663947A true JPH0663947A (en) | 1994-03-08 |
Family
ID=16810252
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP22421092A Withdrawn JPH0663947A (en) | 1992-08-24 | 1992-08-24 | Waste plastic separation and collection method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH0663947A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0744262A3 (en) * | 1995-04-10 | 1997-05-02 | Stock Juergen Dr | Process for treating rigid PVC articles having a coating of soft PVC for recycling purposes |
| WO1998041374A1 (en) * | 1997-03-19 | 1998-09-24 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Disposal system for plastic |
| CN102784792A (en) * | 2012-07-28 | 2012-11-21 | 北京化工大学 | Multilayer bubbling type municipal solid waste refined sorting unit and method |
-
1992
- 1992-08-24 JP JP22421092A patent/JPH0663947A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0744262A3 (en) * | 1995-04-10 | 1997-05-02 | Stock Juergen Dr | Process for treating rigid PVC articles having a coating of soft PVC for recycling purposes |
| WO1998041374A1 (en) * | 1997-03-19 | 1998-09-24 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Disposal system for plastic |
| CN102784792A (en) * | 2012-07-28 | 2012-11-21 | 北京化工大学 | Multilayer bubbling type municipal solid waste refined sorting unit and method |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| MY101338A (en) | Apparatus and process for the gas flotation purification of oil-contaminated water | |
| US3864249A (en) | Separator | |
| US5554280A (en) | Filter system | |
| CA1109401A (en) | Air-pressurized ultrafilter feeding concentrate to decanter | |
| JP2003291144A (en) | Treatment apparatus for regenerating waste pet bottle and treatment method using the same | |
| CN212791375U (en) | Building rubbish selects, collects all-in-one | |
| JPH0663947A (en) | Waste plastic separation and collection method | |
| CN1520941A (en) | Method and apparatus for recovering soft plastic film from domestic garbage | |
| FI79792B (en) | FLOTATIONSANORDNING OCH -FOERFARANDE. | |
| EP0994746B1 (en) | Portable water recycler | |
| US3815740A (en) | Thin waterfall separating and screening apparatus | |
| US5589073A (en) | System and method for removing asbestos and other solid particles from a slurry | |
| JPH0610334A (en) | Oil water separating device | |
| JPH0663946A (en) | Waste plastic separation and collection method | |
| JP3405777B2 (en) | Waterborne paint mist removal device | |
| JP2604185B2 (en) | Sludge collection vehicles | |
| JP3665086B2 (en) | Membrane sedimentation tank | |
| CN112159004A (en) | Environment-friendly oil collecting device for chemical machinery | |
| JP2001137739A (en) | Method for classification of chlorine-containing polymer from mixed crushed waste plastic | |
| JP3118564B2 (en) | Apparatus for separating hydrophilic particles and hydrophobic particles of low specific gravity | |
| CN208883589U (en) | Efficient protein separator | |
| CA1168991A (en) | Topological separator | |
| JPH10286562A (en) | Floating oil removing device in cutting fluid in machine tool | |
| JP2001079443A (en) | Apparatus for classifying and recovering water jet cut waste sand | |
| JP2935383B2 (en) | Specific gravity separation method and apparatus for crushed plastic |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A300 | Application deemed to be withdrawn because no request for examination was validly filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A300 Effective date: 19991102 |