JPH06308422A - Visual display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To provide an image with high resolving power only at a part being near a gazing point and requiring resolving power and to observe the peripheral image thereof which is not gazed without being vignetted. CONSTITUTION:In a visual display device constituting of display elements 9 and 9', a relay optical system 4 projecting the real images of the elements 9 and 9' and an eyepiece optical system 3 enlarging and projecting the primary image projected by the optical system 4 in the air as a virtual image; the emitting pupil of the optical system 3 is arranged near the winding point of the eyeball of an observer. Besides, an optical path splitting means such as a half mirror 10 or a perforated mirror is arranged near the pupil position of the optical system 4 conjugated with the emitting pupil position of the optical system 3. Then while the image with high resolving power in an observing direction which is gazed by moving the eyeballs is displayed on one element 9, he peripheral image requiring the resolving power not so much is displayed on the other element 9. As the result, the peripheral image can be observed without being vignetted.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a visual display device,
In particular, it can be held on the observer's head or face,
The present invention relates to an optical system of a small-sized, wide-angle, high-resolution portable head or face-mounted visual display device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As such a head-mounted visual display device, in addition to the Japanese Patent Application No. 3-295874 filed by the applicant of the present invention in which a two-dimensional display element is magnified and projected in the air by an eyepiece optical system, there is a Japanese Patent Application. No. 4-106912 and 4-106913
And No. 4-199487.

[0003]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention In a wide-angle eyepiece optical system in which an observation angle of view exceeds 30 ° (15 ° on one side),
When trying to observe the periphery of the visual field by rotating the eyeball,
The rotation of the eyeball causes the displacement of the iris position of the eyeball. Due to this displacement of the iris position, the light rays in the visual field on the side opposite to the peripheral visual field to be observed are vignetted by the iris, making it impossible to observe. This state will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 6.

As shown in FIG. 4A, if the exit pupil of the eyepiece optical system is aligned with the iris position of the eyeball, the periphery of the visual field can be observed when looking at the center of the observed image. However, FIG.
As shown in (b), when trying to observe the periphery of the visual field by rotating the eyeball, the exit pupil position of the eyepiece optical system is displaced from the iris position of the eyeball, and the side opposite to the periphery of the observed image to be observed. The rays with the angle of view will be vignetted by the iris and will not be observable.

Further, as shown in FIG. 5A, when the exit pupil of the eyepiece optical system and the center of rotation of the eyeball are aligned with each other, the periphery cannot be seen when observing the vicinity of the center on the optical axis. I will end up. However, as shown in FIG. 5B, when an attempt is made to observe the periphery, only that portion can be observed in the direction of the observation.

Further, as shown in FIG. 6 (a), when the exit pupil of the eyepiece optical system is arranged between the center of rotation of the eyeball and the iris position of the eyeball, even when the center of the image is observed (a). ,
Even when the periphery of the image is observed (b), a part of the light beam emitted from the eyepiece optical system passes through the iris of the eyeball, so that the entire visual field can be observed regardless of where the user is gazing. However, since vignetting of light rays due to iris occurs, problems such as insufficient brightness of peripheral images occur. Also,
If the angle of view is set to be larger than the illustrated angle of view, the problem that the periphery of the visual field cannot be observed occurs as in the case of FIG.

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, it is necessary to design the exit pupil diameter of the eyepiece optical system to be large, but increasing the exit pupil diameter of the eyepiece optical system means to increase the F number of the eyepiece optical system. Therefore, in a head-mounted visual display device that is particularly required to be small and lightweight, there arises a problem that the entire device becomes large and heavy.

The present invention has been made in order to solve such a problem, and an object thereof is to provide a visual display device having a wide observation angle of view and a high resolving power, in particular, a resolving power near a gazing point. It is an object of the present invention to provide a small and portable visual display device that can provide an image with high resolution only in a portion that needs to be observed, and can observe an image of the surrounding area that is not gazing without vignetting.

[0009]

A visual display device of the present invention which achieves the above object comprises a two-dimensional display element for displaying an observation image, a relay optical system for projecting a real image of the two-dimensional display element, and a relay optical element. In a visual display device comprising an eyepiece optical system for magnifying and projecting a primary image projected by the system as a virtual image in the air, an exit pupil of the eyepiece optical system is arranged in the vicinity of an eyeball turning point of an observer, It is characterized in that means for dividing the optical path is arranged in the vicinity of the pupil position of the relay optical system which is conjugate with the exit pupil position.

[0010]

The function and operation of the above configuration will be described below. The main point of the present invention is to provide an eyepiece optical system which can observe a peripheral image which does not require so much resolution without vignetting, while ensuring the resolution in the observation direction in which the eyeball is rotated and gazing.

The information receiving characteristic of the human visual field has excellent resolution and color sensation only within a very small angle on the visual axis of the eyeball facing the gazing direction (Technical Society of Television Engineers). Report VVI 47-3 p.6
0). That is, the aberration of the eyepiece optical system may be corrected so that the resolving power in the direction in which the eyeball rotates and gazes is not impaired. Furthermore, for the observation image in the direction not gazed, it is important that there is no vignetting of the light rays in the eye iris and that it reaches the retina of the eyeball, so there is originally no resolution on the retina in the peripheral area other than the gazing point. , Aberrations in the direction not being watched do not need to be corrected so much.

Although the exit pupil of the eyepiece optical system may be set large and the aberration correction may be performed within the pupil diameter, it is not practical because it is extremely difficult to perform the aberration correction within the large pupil diameter. . Therefore, two important means of the present invention will be described below.

First, the relationship between the exit pupil position of the eyepiece optical system and the iris position of the eyeball is arranged so that the exit pupil position of the eyepiece optical system and the center of rotation of the observer's eyeball coincide with each other, as shown in FIG. It is important to. By adopting this arrangement, the luminous flux forming the observation image in the direction in which the observer is gazing becomes only the portion having the iris diameter of 2 to 4 mmφ at normal brightness. That is, no matter which direction the eyeball rotates and gaze, if the center of rotation and the exit pupil position of the eyepiece optical system are matched, the resolving power in the gazing direction that requires the most resolving power is 2 to 4 mmφ. If the aberration correction is performed only on the light flux that passes through the exit pupil diameter of, the value remains high. With such an arrangement, aberration correction for obtaining high resolution can be realized relatively easily. This situation will be described with reference to FIG.

FIG. 7 shows a state in which the exit pupil position of the eyepiece optical system is made to coincide with the center of rotation of the eyeball. FIG. 7A shows a state in which the center of the observation angle of view is focused. The vicinity of the gazing point is observed by an “optical-axis-side vignette light beam”, that is, a light beam that does not require aberration correction and passes through a side near the optical axis outside the exit pupil diameter of the eyepiece optical system. The figure (b) is
It is a state of gazing at the upper direction in the figure, and the gazing point is
The observation is made with "a light beam within the exit pupil diameter that requires aberration correction". In addition, the image around the gazing point is similar to that of FIG.
It is observed with "optical axis side vignette light flux".

As is apparent from FIG. 7, the pupil diameter that determines the resolving power of the gaze direction observation image is only the exit pupil diameter that requires this aberration correction.

Next, in the present invention, the observation optical path of the gazing point and its peripheral image are provided near the pupil position of the relay optical system which is a position conjugate with the exit pupil position of the eyepiece optical system which coincides with the center of rotation of the eyeball. It is important to dispose an optical path splitting unit that splits the observation optical path of With this optical path dividing means, it is possible to divide the gazing point that requires the most resolving power and the peripheral image around the gazing point that hardly requires the resolving power, regardless of where the observer's eyeballs face. Become.

As an optical path dividing means, in the vicinity of the pupil position of the relay optical system which is a position conjugate with the exit pupil position of the eyepiece optical system,
For example, by disposing a perforated mirror or the like having a hole, it is possible to efficiently divide an observation image near the gazing point that requires resolving power and a peripheral image around the gazing point that does not require much resolving power.

By structuring and configuring each of the optical systems of the optical paths divided in this way so as to comply with the above, it is possible to provide the observer with an image suitable for a wide angle of view.

For example, one optical path is optimized for a small exit pupil diameter and is composed of a first relay optical system having a good aberration, and the other is a second relay optical system having a large exit pupil diameter and a relatively large aberration. Consists of a relay optical system. When the projected images projected by each optical system are combined by the optical path splitting means,
Regarding the point of gaze, the observation image formed by the first relay optical system with good correction and good resolution is provided, and for the image around the point of gaze, the second image having a relatively large aberration is provided.
It can be configured to observe the image formed by the relay optics.

It is also possible to configure the first relay optical system and the second relay optical system with the same optical system to divide the display density of the two-dimensional display element and the presentation angle of view.

With this configuration, when the observation image is generated by, for example, computer graphics (CG) or the like, the calculation time is greatly saved. It is possible to generate an image by performing rigorous calculation only on the gazing point that requires resolution, and to greatly simplify and generate the image of almost the area around the gazing point that does not require much resolution. is there.

Further, when a means for detecting the direction of the head is arranged on the head of the observer, the two-dimensional display element for displaying the image of the gazing point at which resolving power is required can be downsized. It is possible. In general, the visual field observed only by rotation of the human eyeball is about 30 ° with respect to the observer's head (Technical Report of the Television Society VVI 47-3 p. 6).
0). When observing an angle of view wider than this, humans unconsciously rotate their heads to "look in the desired direction". In other words, the gazing point that requires resolving power may correspond to an observation angle of view up to 30 °, and when trying to see the peripheral direction of 30 ° or more, it is only when the head is rotated that the center of the field of view (30 ° It is natural that the reproduced image moves to the following field of view and enters the field of view.

With the above-mentioned configuration, even if the angle of view of the peripheral image having no resolution is large, the image generation region near the gazing point where the resolution is required is 30 ° or less, which is sufficient for image generation. For example, in the case of an angle of view of 90 °, the calculation process requires only a 1/9 30 ° region. However, regarding whether the observation angle of view from the beginning to 30 ° is sufficient, an image around the gazing point with a low resolving power that can be determined only with or without an object is particularly important to give the observer a realistic sensation. It is also described in the above document that it becomes an element, and therefore, an observation angle of view of 90 ° is required.

[0024]

EXAMPLES Examples 1 to 3 of the visual display device of the present invention will be described below.
Will be described. Example 1 FIG. 1 is a horizontal sectional view of a visual display device of Example 1. In the figure, 1 is the observer's pupil position, 2 is the visual axis when the observer is observing the front, 3 is an eyepiece optical system composed of a concave mirror, 4 is a relay optical system, and 5 is a relay optical system. 1
A group, 6 is a second group of relay optical systems, 7 is a third group of relay optical systems, 8 is a fourth group of relay optical systems, 9 and 9'are two-dimensional display elements, and 10 is a half mirror.

As shown in the figure, the coordinate system has a Y axis whose right to left in the observer's left-right direction is a positive direction, and a Z axis whose eyeball side in the observer's visual axis 2 direction is a concave mirror 3 side is a positive direction. , Is defined as the X axis with the positive direction from the top to the bottom in the vertical direction. That is, FIG. 1 is a view seen from the upper part of the observer when the optical system of the present invention is arranged in the right eye of the observer.

The constituent parameters of this optical system are shown below, and the surface number is shown as the surface number for the backward tracking from the position of the exit pupil 1 toward the two-dimensional display element 9.

Regarding the eccentricity amount and the tilt angle of each surface, only the eccentricity amount in the Y-axis direction is given for the concave mirror 3 (surface number: 2), and its apex passes through the center of the exit pupil 1 and the visual axis 2 (Z Axial direction)
Is the eccentric distance in the Y-axis direction from the center. For the first group 5 (surface numbers: 3 and 4) of the relay optical system 4, the Y-axis positive direction from the center of the exit pupil 1 at the apex of each surface and the Z-axis. The amount of eccentricity in the positive direction and the tilt angle of the central axis passing through the apex of the surface from the Z-axis direction are given. The inclination angle of the central axis of the surface is given as a positive angle which is a rotation angle (counterclockwise in the figure) from the Z-axis positive direction to the Y-axis positive direction. Relay optical system 4
For the second group 6 of, the vertex position of the first surface (surface number: 5) is given in the same manner as each surface of the first group 5, and the central axis passing through the vertex becomes the optical axis, and the optical axis The tilt angle of is similarly given. Regarding the third group 7 of the relay optical system 4, the eccentricity amount and the tilt angle of the first surface (surface number: 8) are the optical axis of the surface before the central axis (optical axis) passing through the apex of the surface. Is given by the amount of eccentricity in the direction orthogonal to (for convenience, given as Y) and the tilt angle with respect to the optical axis. The surface (surface number: 6 to 7, 9 to 12) without displaying the eccentricity amount and the tilt angle indicates that the surface is coaxial with the surface before it. The fourth group 8 of the relay optical system 4 includes
Half mirror 1 arranged near the pupil position of the relay optical system 4.
0 (surface number: 14) constitutes a part of a relay optical system that displays a peripheral image around the gazing point whose optical path is branched. The half mirror 10 and the fourth group 8 are also eccentric to each surface. The amount and the tilt angle are given in the same manner as the third group 7. Further, the eccentricity amount and the tilt angle of the two-dimensional display elements 9 and 9'arranged on the exit side (actually, the entrance side) of the third group 7 and the fourth group 8 are also the front surface ( Surface number: 12, 16) is given by the amount of eccentricity in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis (for convenience, given as Y) and the inclination angle of the normal line passing through the center with respect to the optical axis.

As for the aspherical shape of each surface, the coordinate system is set as shown in the figure, and the paraxial radius of curvature of each surface is _Rx , the radius of curvature in the plane perpendicular to the YZ plane (paper surface), When the radius of curvature in the YZ plane is R _y , it is expressed by the following equation. ^{Z = [(X 2 / R} x) + (Y 2 / R y)] / [1+ {1- (1 + K x) (X 2 / R x 2) - (1 + K y) (Y 2 / R _y ² )} ^1/2 ] + AR [(1-AP) X ² + (1 + AP) Y ² ] ² + BR [(1-BP) X ² + (1 + BP) Y ² ] ³ … here Where K _x is the conical coefficient in the X direction, K _y is the conical coefficient in the Y direction, AR and BR are rotationally symmetric fourth-order and sixth-order aspherical coefficients, and AP and BP are asymmetric fourth-order and sixth-order, respectively. Is the aspherical coefficient of.

The surface spacing is the distance between the center of the pupil 1 and the vertex of the concave mirror 3 in the Z-axis direction between the pupil 1 and the concave mirror 3.
The distance from the first surface of the second group 6 of the relay optical system 4 to its image plane (two-dimensional display element 9) is shown as the distance along the optical axis. Regarding the second group 6 to the third group 7 of the relay optical system 4, the radius of curvature of the surface is r ₁ to r _i and the surface spacing is d ₁ to d _i.
In the refractive index of the d line with n ₁ ~n _i, an Abbe number ν ₁ ~ν
_Denote by _i . Further, from the last surface (surface number: 7) of the second group 6 of the relay optical system 4 to the image surface of the fourth group 8 (two-dimensional display element 9 ').
Spacing throughout, the is shown at intervals along the optical axis, the curvature radius of the surface at r _{4 '~r 6',} the interplanar spacing in d _{3 'to} d _6', the refractive index of the d line n _{3 And} the Abbe number is ν ₃ .

Surface number Radius of curvature Interval Refractive index Abbe number (Decentering amount) (Inclination angle) 1 (1) ∞ (Pupil) 47.010 2 (3) R _y -71.040 0 Y: -29.891 R _x -53.671 K _y 0.059148 K _x -0.136469 AR 0.360349 × 10 ^-7 BR 0.513037 × 10 ^-12 AP -0.648988 BP -0.313565 3 (5) R _y -53.284 0 n = 1.554618 ν = 64.3 R _x -39.696 Y: -50.331 -7.811 ° K _y 1.206766 Z: 25.359 K _x 0.766839 AR -0.134492 × 10 ^-6 BR 0 AP -0.172095 × 10 ⁺¹ BP 0 4 R _y -42.641 0 Y: -38.199 40.344 ° R _x -36.603 Z: 23.012 K _y 0.399124 K _x 2.956479 AR 0.219886 × 10 ^-6 BR 0 AP 0.134389 × 10 ⁺¹ BP 05 (r ₁ ) -32.003 (d ₁ ) -2 n ₁ = 1.7466 ν ₁ = 36.2 Y: -46.509 24.174 ° Z: 7.7456 6 (r ₂ ) -13.011 (d ₂ ) -13.735 n ₂ = 1.5540 ν ₂ = 63.7 7 (r ₃ ) 34.716 (d ₃ ) -20.957 8 (r ₄ ) -171.983 (d ₄ ) -2 n ₃ = 1.75458 ν ₃ = 27.6 Y : -5.912 2.250 ° 9 (r ₅ )- 28.012 (d ₅ ) -5.638 n ₄ = 1.49815 ν ₄ = 69.2 10 (r ₆ ) 42.038 (d ₆ ) -0.5 11 (r ₇ ) -35.519 (d ₇ ) -11.257 n ₅ = 1.64916 ν ₅ = 55.1 12 ( r ₈ ) 99.244 (d ₈ ) -27.944 13 (9) ∞ (image plane) Y: -5.140 19.829 ° The second optical system for peripheral image divided by the half mirror 10 is as follows.

7 (r ₃ ) 34.716 (d _{3 '} ) -7.000 14 (r _4' ) ∞ (d _{4 '} ) 15.000 -40.000 ° 15 (r _5' ) 98.197 (d _{5 '} ) 3.347 n _3' = 1.64916 ν _{3 '} = 55.1 Y: -2.386 16 (r _6' ) -43.427 (d _{6 '} ) 41.569 17 (9') ∞ (image plane) Y: -10.338 -21.088 ° In this embodiment, the horizontal angle of view is 45 °. , Vertical angle of view 34.65 °
Therefore, the pupil diameter is 4 mmφ.

The exit pupil position of the eyepiece optical system of this embodiment is
It is arranged so as to coincide with the center of rotation of the observer's eyeball, and its characteristic is that the optical path splitting means 10 (surface number: 14)
Is to use a half mirror. By using the half mirror 10, the observation image in the gazing point direction and the observation image in the vicinity of the gazing point are observed in an overlapping manner,
The boundary of the observed image becomes inconspicuous due to the difference in the optical path.

Embodiment 2 FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the visual display device of Embodiment 2 in the left-right vertical direction, and FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view in the front-rear vertical direction. In this embodiment, the eyepiece optical system is composed of a prism and a concave reflecting mirror. The optical path is bent, but the eccentric surface is not used.

2 and 3, 1 is the observer's pupil position, 2 is the visual axis when the observer is observing the front, 30 is a concave mirror 31.
Eyepiece optical system composed of the beam splitter prism 32, 40 is a relay optical system, 50 is a relay optical system for the gazing point, 60 is a relay optical system for peripheral images around the gazing point, and 9 and 9'are two-dimensional display. Reference numeral 11 is an element, 11 is a cemented prism in which a reflecting surface is arranged only in the central portion, and 12 is an optical path bending prism.

The coordinate system differs from that of the first embodiment in that the observer's right-left direction has a positive direction from right to left, the X axis, and the observer's visual axis 2.
Z in which the eyepiece optical system 30 side is the positive direction from the eyeball side in the direction
The axis is defined as the Y-axis with the positive direction from the bottom to the top. That is, FIG. 2 is a view as seen from the front of the observer when the optical system of the present invention is arranged in the left eye of the observer, and FIG. 3 is a case where the optical system of the present invention is arranged in the left eye of the observer. The view is from the right side of the observer.

The constituent parameters of this optical system are shown below. The surface numbers are from the position of the exit pupil 1 to 2 as in the first embodiment.
It is shown as the surface number of the backward trace toward the dimensional display element 9. In the following, the radius of curvature of each reflective surface or lens surface at r ₁ ~r _i, the surface interval d ₁ to d _i, the refractive index of the d line with n ₁ ~n _i, an Abbe number ν ₁ ~ν _Denote by _i .

Surface number Curvature radius Spacing Refractive index Abbe number 1 (1) ∞ (pupil) 22.000 2 (r ₁ ) ∞ (d ₁ ) 12.000 n ₁ = 1.516 ν ₁ = 64.1 3 (r ₂ ) ∞ (d ₂ ) _{14.500 n 2 = 1.516 ν 2 =} 64.1 4 (r 3) 84.769 (d 3) 36.500 n 3 = 1.516 ν 3 = 64.1 5 (r 4) ∞ (d 4) 10.000 n 4 = 1.516 ν 4 = 64.1 6 (r ₅ ) ∞ (d ₅ ) 4.000 7 (r ₆ ) -14.300 (d ₆ ) 10.000 n ₅ = 1.744 ν ₅ = 29.9 8 (r ₇ ) -16.898 (d ₇ ) 39.025 9 (r ₈ ) 20.071 (d ₈ ) 10.000 n ₆ = 1.711 ν ₆ = 38.1 10 (r ₉ ) -14.168 (d ₉ ) 1.000 n ₇ = 1.762 ν ₇ = 26.6 11 (r ₁₀ ) -112.298 (d ₁₀ ) 1.000 12 (r ₁₁ ) ∞ (d ₁₁ ) ) 18.000 n ₈ = 1.516 ν ₈ = 64.1 13 (r ₁₂ ) ∞ (d ₁₂ ) 1.000 14 (r ₁₃ ) -9.354 (d ₁₃ ) 1.000 n ₉ = 1.762 ν ₉ = 26.6 15 (r ₁₄ ) 31.570 (d ₁₄ ) ) 4.472 n ₁₀ = 1.606 ν ₁₀ = 60.7 16 (r ₁₅ ) -12.138 (d ₁₅ ) 9 .270 17 (r ₁₆ ) 34.535 (d ₁₆ ) 3.145 n ₁₁ = 1.762 ν ₁₁ = 26.6 18 (r ₁₇ ) -84.923 (d ₁₇ ) 24.939 19 (9) ∞ (image plane) In this embodiment, the optical path division is performed. The means is performed by the cemented prism 11 having surface numbers 12 to 13. Further, in the case of this embodiment, the optical system for the gazing point and the optical system around the gazing point are the same.

In this embodiment, the horizontal angle of view is 30 °, the vertical angle of view is 21 °, and the pupil diameter is 8 mmφ.

Although the optical path is reflected by the prism 12 in FIGS. 2 and 3, it is a well-known fact that the optical path can be bent appropriately regardless of the present embodiment, and The optical path splitting means is based on the cemented prism 11 in which the reflecting surface is arranged only in the central portion, but it is also possible to use a perforated mirror, a half mirror, or the like.

[0040]

As is apparent from the above description, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an image of high resolution only in a portion near the gazing point, which particularly needs a resolution, while being small in size, and It is possible to provide a small head-mounted display device that allows an image to be observed without vignetting and allows a wide viewing angle of view to be clearly observed up to peripheral angles of view.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a horizontal cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of a visual display device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a visual display device according to a second embodiment in the left-right vertical direction.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a visual display device according to a second embodiment in a front-rear vertical direction.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram in the case where the exit pupil position and the iris position of the eyepiece optical system are matched.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram in a case where the exit pupil position of the eyepiece optical system is matched with the eyeball rotation center.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram in the case where the exit pupil position of the eyepiece optical system is arranged in the middle of the eyeball rotation center and the iris position.

FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a required exit pupil diameter and an exit pupil diameter required for aberration correction according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 ... Observer pupil position 2 ... Visual axis when observer observes front 3 ... Concave mirror (eyepiece optical system) 4 ... Relay optical system 5 ... First group of relay optical system 6 ... First of relay optical system 2nd group 7 ... 3rd group of relay optical system 8 ... 4th group of relay optical system 9, 9 '... Two-dimensional display element 10 ... Half mirror 11 ... Bonding prism 12 with a reflecting surface only in the central part 12 ... For optical path bending Prism 30 ... Eyepiece optical system 31 ... Concave mirror 32 ... Beam splitter prism 40 ... Relay optical system 50 ... Gaze point relay optical system 60 ... Peripheral image relay optical system

[Procedure amendment]

[Submission date] June 23, 1993

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Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A two-dimensional display element for displaying an observation image, a relay optical system for projecting a real image of the two-dimensional display element, and an eyepiece for magnifying and projecting a primary image projected by the relay optical system into the air as a virtual image. In a visual display device including an optical system, the exit pupil of the eyepiece optical system is arranged near the eyeball turning point of the observer, and the optical path is divided near the exit pupil position of the eyepiece optical system and the pupil position of the relay optical system which is conjugate. A visual display device characterized by arranging means for performing.