JPH0983908A - Picture display device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a picture display device with reduced weight, which attains the viewing angle of not less than 80 deg. with a sharp picture over the whole picture and is provided with the large diameter of an exit pupil. SOLUTION: The device consists of a picture display element 6, a relay optical system 5 projecting the real picture of the picture in the air and an eyepiece optical system 3 guiding the real picture to observer's eye-balls. Then an eccentric optical element 4 provided with not less than one reflecting surface 4b and consisting of not less than two faces 4a and 4b tilting or decentered toward observer's visual lines 2 is provided between the relay optical system 5 and the eyepiece optical system 3, and the eyepiece optical system 3 is a reflecting mirror consisting of a recessed surface and tilts or is decentered toward the observer's visual lines 2.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

[0001] 1. Field of the Invention [0002] The present invention relates to an image display device, and more particularly to a head or face-mounted image display device capable of being held on the head or face of an observer.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a display such as a television, a CRT for displaying an image of a computer, an LCD (liquid crystal display device) or the like is displayed in order to make the observer more immersive and realistic. Larger screens and higher resolution are required. Further, in recent years, various large-sized displays have been developed in order to obtain the effect of artificial reality (virtual reality), and the conditions are also a wide angle of view and high resolution.

On the other hand, even with a small display, if the screen can be observed by enlarging it, the observation angle of view becomes large, the immersive feeling and the realistic feeling increase, and the effect of virtual reality can be obtained. Therefore, various head-mounted compact image display devices have been developed.

As a prior art of a head-mounted image display device, a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-134208 of the present applicant, which uses an eccentrically arranged ocular concave mirror and a relay optical system, is shown in FIG. In FIG. 58, P is the center of rotation of the observer's eyeball 33, C is the observer's visual axis corresponding to the front of the observer, Q ₁ is the observer pupil position, S ₈ is a spheroid with O as the rotation center, 16 Is the reflecting surface of the spheroid, 17
Is the optical axis of the relay optical system, Q ₂ is the focus of the spheroid, 15
Is a relay optical system, and 14 is a two-dimensional image display element.

Further, an eccentric eyepiece concave mirror,
FIG. 59 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the applicant's prior application (Japanese Patent Application No. 5-21208) using a relay optical system and a decentering correction optical system. In FIG. 59, 22 is the observer pupil position, 2
Reference numeral 3 is an ocular concave mirror, 24 is an observer's visual axis, 28 is an eccentricity correction optical system, 34 is a two-dimensional image display element, and 35 is a relay optical system.

In this image display apparatus, a relay optical system 35 forms a real image in the air by an image display element 34, and an eyepiece optical system 23 projects the real image on an observer's eyeball through a decentering correction optical system 28. As a result, the inclination and curvature of the image plane generated by the eyepiece optical system 23 are corrected, and the observer can be provided with a flat observer image.

Further, as a well-known conventional one, there is one disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-101709. As shown in FIG. 60, this image display device transmits the display image of the two-dimensional image display element as an aerial image by a relay optical system including a positive lens, and the aerial image is transmitted by an eyepiece optical system including a concave reflecting mirror. The image is magnified and projected into the eyeball of the observer.

Another conventional type is US Pat. No. 4,669,810. As shown in FIG. 61, this device forms an intermediate image of a CRT image through a relay optical system and projects the image on a viewer's eye by a combiner having a reflective holographic element and a hologram surface.

Another conventional type is US Pat. No. 5,287,218. As shown in FIG. 62, this device reimages the intermediate image of the observer object formed by the first mirror on the image plane by the second mirror and the relay optical system having the refractive element and the diffractive element. It is a thing.

On the other hand, as a conventional image display device that uses two image display elements and two types of relay optical systems to make the gazing point have a high resolution, the applicant of the present invention has disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1342/1993.
A cross-sectional view of the No. 08 embodiment is shown in FIG. In an image display device including two two-dimensional image display elements, two types of relay optical systems, and an eyepiece optical system, an optical path is divided into a position near a relay optical system which is conjugate with an exit pupil position of the eyepiece optical system. Has a half mirror.

[0011]

In an image display device of the type worn on the head, ensuring a wide angle of view is a necessary condition for enhancing the realistic sensation during image observation. It is known that the psychological effect increases as the horizontal angle of view starts to feel strongly from about 40 ° and the wider the angle of view becomes. Furthermore, an image display device for obtaining a sense of presence and the like has a wide angle of view and a high resolving power, and when observing the periphery of the screen, the visual field does not vignetting due to the rotational movement of the eyeballs, When the pupil position is the exit pupil of the optical system, it is important to maximize the pupil diameter.

To solve the above-mentioned problems, in the image display device according to the prior art, first, in the image display devices of FIGS. 58 and 60, only the eyepiece optical system and the relay optical system of the concave mirror are used, so that aberration correction is not performed. It is difficult to increase the observation angle of view due to the limitation of. Further, in the image display device of FIG. 59, the above problem is solved by the eccentricity correction optical system, but since the eccentricity correction optical system is a decentered prism, its effect is limited.

Further, in the optical system shown in FIGS. 61 and 62,
A holographic element or a diffractive optical element is used.
The power of these elements is determined by the diffraction angle, and the diffraction angle depends on the pitch of the elements, so that the power of the elements themselves is limited. Therefore, when used in an eyepiece optical system, it becomes difficult to set a wide angle of view. Further, even when used in a relay optical system, a phenomenon in which there is a large difference in spectral transmittance between so-called elements having different diffraction efficiencies depending on wavelengths, and the color balance of the observed image deteriorates.

On the other hand, in the case of FIG. 63, which is a type in which a plurality of image display elements are used and the respective optical paths are combined in the optical system to project an image on the observer's pupil, the optical paths are divided. Since the position of the half mirror is arranged in the lens group of the relay optical system and an element for splitting the optical path is separately required, the relay optical system itself becomes long. Therefore, the entire device becomes large.

The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and its object is to be small and lightweight, to enable an observation angle of view of 80 ° or more during monocular observation, and to display a screen. A clear image can be observed in the whole, and further,
An object of the present invention is to provide an image display device having a large exit pupil diameter.

Another object of the present invention is to be compact and lightweight, to enable an observation angle of view of 80 ° or more during monocular observation, and to be able to observe a clear image on the entire screen.
An object of the present invention is to provide an image display device having a large exit pupil diameter, which can selectively change the resolution or the image of an observed image.

[0017]

An image display apparatus of the present invention for achieving the above object comprises an image display element for displaying an image, a relay optical system for projecting a real image of the image in the air, and the real image. In an image display device comprising an eyepiece optical system that guides the observer's eyeball, between the relay optical system and the eyepiece optical system, at least one reflecting surface, and tilted with respect to the observer's visual axis, Or at least 2 eccentric
A decentered optical element configured by a surface, the eyepiece optical system is a reflecting mirror configured by a concave surface, inclined with respect to the observer's visual axis, or decentered. is there.

Another image display device of the present invention comprises an image display element for displaying an image, a relay optical system for projecting a real image of the image into the air, and an eyepiece optical system for guiding the real image to an observer's eye. In the image display device, the image display device has at least one reflecting surface between the relay optical system and the eyepiece optical system, and is composed of at least two surfaces that are inclined or decentered with respect to the observer's visual axis. And a decentered optical element, the eyepiece optical system has at least two surfaces. When the first surface and the second surface are viewed from the observer side, the first surface is a transmission surface and the second surface is an observation surface. Is a reflective surface or a semi-transmissive surface with a concave surface facing the person, inclined with respect to the observer's visual axis, or
It is characterized by being eccentric.

Another image display device of the present invention comprises an image display element for displaying an image, a relay optical system for projecting a real image of the image into the air, and an eyepiece optical system for guiding the real image to an observer's eyeball. The image display device has at least one semi-transmissive surface between the relay optical system and the eyepiece optical system, and is composed of at least two surfaces inclined or decentered with respect to the observer's visual axis. Equipped with a decentered optical element,
With respect to the at least semi-transmissive surface of the decentered optical element,
A first relay optical system and a second relay optical system are provided on the reflection side and the transmission side, respectively, and a first image display element and a second image are provided near the object plane of the first relay optical system and the second relay optical system, respectively. It is characterized by comprising a display element.

The operation of the image display device of the present invention will be described below. In the following description, unless otherwise specified, reverse ray tracing is performed for tracing a ray from the observer's pupil position toward the image display element, for convenience in designing the optical system.

The structure of the entire apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 53 is a diagram of a state in which the image display device of the present invention is attached to the right eye of an observer as observed from above the observer. In FIG. 53, 1 is the observer's pupil, 8 is the observer's eyeball, 2 is the visual axis when the observer faces the front, 12
Is the observer's nose and 13 is the observer's ear.

The image display device of the present invention includes an image display element 6 for displaying an observation image, a relay optical system 5 for forming a real image of the image display element 6 in the air, and a projection of the real image on an eyeball while Eyepiece optical system 3 having a function of bending a shaft
And the decentering optical element 4 arranged between the relay optical system 5 and the eyepiece optical system 3.

The decentering optical element 4 has at least one reflecting surface, and is composed of at least two surfaces inclined or decentered with respect to the observer's visual axis. Also, the eyepiece optical system 3
Is a reflecting mirror having a concave surface.

Hereinafter, the reason and operation of adopting such a configuration will be described. It is important that the eyepiece optical system is a reflecting mirror having a concave surface. Since the head-mounted image display device is a device worn on the human body, particularly on the head, when a refraction eyepiece optical system is used, the amount of projection of the device from the face is large, and the balance at the time of wearing is high. bad. In addition, there is a possibility that the device may bump into an object when the device is mounted and moved or rotated. With a concave reflecting mirror, the amount of protrusion from the face is small, which is advantageous in the configuration of the device. Furthermore, this reflecting mirror is tilted with respect to the observer's visual axis, or
Eccentricity is desirable. When the concave mirror is arranged in front of the observer's eyeball, the light rays emitted from the pupil are reflected to the observer's face side as they are, so that other optical elements interfere with the face and cannot be arranged. By tilting or eccentricizing the concave mirror with respect to the observer's visual axis, the visual axis after reflection by the concave mirror bends, and other optical elements can be arranged laterally or upwardly of the face.

Further, when the angle formed by the observer's visual axis and the reflected visual axis of the observer is α, it is desirable to satisfy the following equation. 30 ° <α <60 ° (1) When it is smaller than the lower limit of 30 ° in the equation (1), the light beam reflected by the eyepiece optical system interferes with the observer's face. When the upper limit of 60 ° in the equation (1) is exceeded, the reflection angle in the eyepiece optical system becomes too large, and the aberration cannot be corrected by other optical systems.

Further, it is important that the decentering optical element has at least one reflecting surface and is composed of at least two surfaces which are inclined or decentered with respect to the observer's visual axis after being reflected by the eyepiece optical system. Is. At this time, when the angle between the visual axis after reflection by the eyepiece optical system and the second surface of the decentering optical system is β, it is desirable to satisfy the following equation.

40 ° <β <80 ° (2) If the lower limit of 40 ° of the formula (2) is less than 40 °, the angle of reflection by the decentered optical element becomes very large, and the upper (nose side) axis External rays are far away from the visual axis. When the upper limit of 80 ° in the equation (2) is exceeded, the light beam reflected by the decentering optical element returns to the eyepiece optical system side, so that the relay optical system and the eyepiece optical system interfere with each other.

The light rays exiting the pupil are reflected by the eyepiece optical system, but because the eyepiece optical system is a decentered concave mirror,
It forms a tilted and curved image plane. If an attempt is made to correct this tilted and curved image plane by using an aspherical surface or the like in the relay optical system, the relay optical system becomes large and very complicated. Therefore, in the present invention, at least 1
Has two reflective surfaces and is inclined with respect to the observer's visual axis, or
By arranging a decentering optical element composed of two decentered surfaces between the eyepiece optical system and the relay optical system, it has succeeded in simultaneously correcting the tilt and the curvature of the image plane.

This point will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
In FIG. 54, 1 is the pupil position of the observer, 2 is the observer's visual axis when facing the front, 3 is an eyepiece optical system, 4 is a decentered optical element, and 4a is a surface of the decentered optical element on the eyepiece optical system side. (First
Surface) 4b is a surface (second surface) on the viewer side of the decentered optical element. The image plane 30 formed by the eyepiece optical system 3 is inclined and curved with respect to the visual axis 2 as illustrated. less than,
The action of converting the flat object plane of the image display element into the image plane 30 formed by the eyepiece optical system 3 will be described by the forward tracking.

On the image plane formed by only the relay optical system, as shown in FIG. 54, the upper ray J is imaged at approximately infinity and the lower ray S is imaged at point K. Such an image formation state can be converted into the image plane 30 formed by the eyepiece optical system 3 by the decentering optical element 4.

First, the correction of the inclination of the image plane will be described. The upper ray J from the image display element enters the decentered optical system 4 through the relay optical system with a large incident angle, and has a long optical path in the decentered optical element 4 and exits to the eyepiece optical system 3 side. To be done. On the contrary, the lower ray S enters the decentered optical system 4 substantially perpendicularly and has a short optical path and is emitted to the eyepiece optical system 3 side. That is, the decentering optical element 4 has an optically long wedge shape on the upper side and a shorter wedge shape on the lower side in the drawing. Due to this effect, the image forming position of the upper ray J becomes a close position, and the image forming position of the lower ray S hardly changes, so that the inclination of the image plane can be largely corrected.
Further, regarding the correction of the curvature of the image plane, since the first surface 4a of the decentering optical element 4 is a curved surface having a convex surface facing the eyepiece optical system 3 and has a strong positive power, the relay optical system is used. Decentered optical element 4 which is projected and has a substantially wedge shape
The tilt-corrected image plane can be converted into a curved image plane such as the image plane 30 formed by the eyepiece optical system 3.

On the other hand, the decentered optical element 4 is effective for correcting the pupil aberration of the entire optical system. The description is given below. FIG. 55A shows the image formation state of the pupil 1 when there is no decentered optical element. The upper ray J is imaged in the vicinity JG of the image display element, and the lower ray S is closer to the eyepiece optical system SG than the relay optical system.
The image is formed at, and a very large pupil aberration is shown.
This pupil aberration is effectively corrected by the decentering optical element 4. The image formation state of the pupil corrected by the decentering optical element 4 is shown in FIG. 55 (b). Since the first surface 4a of the decentering optical element 4 is a curved surface having a convex surface facing the eyepiece optical system, it has a strong positive power, and in particular, has a configuration in which the upper side curvature is strong. The upper ray J is incident on the first surface 4a, is reflected by the second surface 4b, and is refracted again by the first surface 4a. Therefore, the power for the upper ray J is very strong, and the pupil image forming position of the upper ray J is Since it is close to the decentered optical element 4 and, conversely, the lower side of the first surface 4a has a relatively weak curvature, the pupil image formation position of the lower ray S slightly changes depending on the optical path difference of the decentered optical element 4. It is a degree. Therefore, the pupil aberration is corrected, and the pupil conjugate position is formed at the position G between the decentering optical element 4 and the relay optical system 5.

When the eyepiece optical system has at least two surfaces and the first surface and the second surface are from the observer side, the first surface is a transmission surface and the second surface is a concave surface for the observer. It is a reflective surface or a semi-transmissive surface, and is inclined with respect to the viewer's visual axis.
Alternatively, the eccentricity effectively acts on the image display device.

In a small-sized image display device having a wider angle of view, the inclination angle of the second surface, which is the first reflecting surface of the eyepiece optical system, becomes large, and the occurrence of high-order coma aberration increases. In addition, astigmatism generated by the inclination of the surface also increases, and it may be difficult for the eyepiece optical system to sufficiently correct these aberrations with a normal surface mirror. Therefore, by disposing the first surface having a refracting action before entering the concave mirror which is the eyepiece optical system, it is possible to reduce the light beam diameter on the second surface which is the reflecting surface. Therefore, the occurrence of high-order coma aberration is reduced, and the image can be clearly observed up to the periphery of the image display screen. In addition, since the chief ray around the image is refracted by the first surface, the height of the ray incident on the second surface, which is the reflecting surface, can be lowered, so that the observation angle of view can be further increased as compared with the case of the surface mirror. It is possible to set a large value. The horizontal angle of view of 90 ° is achieved in the image display device having the above-described configuration of the present invention (see Examples 6 and 7 described later).

It is effective for aberration correction that at least one surface of the eyepiece optical system is an aspherical surface. This is because the observer's visual axis direction is the Z direction and the left-right direction orthogonal to this Z direction is
When defined as a direction, it is an important condition for correcting coma aberration, particularly high-order coma aberration and coma flare, which occur in the eyepiece optical system which is eccentric in the Y direction or is inclined with respect to the visual axis.

As in the present invention, in the image display device using the eyepiece optical system of the type having the eccentric or inclined reflecting surface in front of the observer's eyeball, the light rays incident on the reflecting surface even on the observer's visual axis. Is oblique, so coma aberration occurs. This coma increases as the angle of inclination of the reflecting surface increases. However, when attempting to realize a small-sized image display device with a wide angle of view, it is difficult to secure an observation image with a wide angle of view because the observer's face and the optical path interfere unless the amount of eccentricity or the tilt angle is increased to some extent. Become. Therefore, the wider the angle of view of the image display device, the larger the inclination angle of the reflecting surface, and how to correct the occurrence of high-order coma aberration becomes an important issue.

In order to correct such complicated coma aberration, at least one surface constituting the eyepiece optical system is made an eccentric aspherical surface so that the power of the optical system is asymmetric with respect to the visual axis. Further, since the effect of the aspherical surface can be utilized off-axis, it is possible to effectively correct coma aberration including on-axis.

It is important that at least one surface of the eyepiece optical system is an anamorphic surface. That is, YZ
That is, the radius of curvature in the plane is different from the radius of curvature in the XZ plane orthogonal to this plane. This condition is a condition for correcting an aberration caused by the eyepiece optical system being decentered or tilted with respect to the visual axis. In general, when the spherical surface is decentered, the light rays incident on the surface have different curvatures with respect to the light rays in the plane of incidence and in the plane perpendicular to the plane of incidence. Therefore, in the eyepiece optical system in which the reflecting surface is arranged in front of the observer's eyeball in a decentered or inclined manner with respect to the visual axis as in the present invention, the observation image on the visual axis, which is the center of the observation image, is not Point aberration occurs. In order to correct this astigmatism on the axis, the radius of curvature of any one of the first surface and the second surface of the eyepiece optical system may be different between the entrance surface and the surface orthogonal to the entrance surface. Becomes important.

The plane in the vertical direction including the observer's visual axis is XZ.
Surface, the surface in the left-right direction including the observer's visual axis is defined as the YZ surface, the radius of curvature of at least one surface of the eyepiece optical system that is an anamorphic surface in the YZ surface is _Ry , the XZ surface. When the radius of curvature inside is R _x , it is desirable that R _y / R _x > 1 (3) be satisfied.

Expression (3) is a condition for correcting aberrations caused by the inclination of the eyepiece optical system with respect to the visual axis, in particular, astigmatism including on-axis. Generally, as the angle of view increases, higher-order astigmatism appears, and in a convex lens system, the meridional image increases in the negative direction and the aspherical image increases in the positive direction as the angle of view increases. In order to correct these astigmatisms, it is necessary to configure the optical system so that the power in the meridional plane is made small and the power in the spherical surface is made large. Therefore, it is preferable for aberration correction that the radius of curvature of at least one anamorphic surface is large in the Y direction and small in the X direction.

Further, it is effective for aberration correction that at least one surface of the decentered optical element is an aspherical surface. This is an important condition for correcting coma aberration, especially high-order coma aberration and coma flare, which occur in the eyepiece optical system which is decentered in the Y direction or inclined with respect to the visual axis. Similar to the case where at least one surface of the eyepiece optical system is an aspherical surface, the effect of correcting coma can be obtained. Further, in the decentered optical element, since the light beam is obliquely incident, refracted, reflected on the second surface and refracted again on the first surface, the aspheric surface decentered to correct the coma aberration generated on the second surface. Can be performed on the first surface.

In that case, it is important that at least one surface of the decentered optical element is an anamorphic surface. That is,
That is, the radius of curvature in the YZ plane is different from the radius of curvature in the XZ plane orthogonal to this plane. This condition is similar to the case where any one surface of the eyepiece optical system described above is an anamorphic surface, and aberrations caused by the eyepiece optical system being eccentric or inclined with respect to the visual axis, particularly astigmatism including the axis. This is a condition for correcting aberration.

Further, it is important that the display surface of the image display element is arranged so as to be inclined with respect to the visual axis. When the refracting surface or the reflecting surface forming the optical element is decentered or tilted, the light ray from the pupil has a refraction angle or a reflection angle depending on the image height on the refraction surface or the reflection surface, and the image surface is tilted with respect to the visual axis. Sometimes. In that case, it is possible to correct the tilt of the image plane by disposing the image display element surface so as to be tilted with respect to the visual axis.

At least one surface of the relay optical system is
It is desirable to tilt or decenter the observer's visual axis. At least one of relay optics
By tilting or decentering the surface, the image on the image display element side with respect to the observer's visual axis and the image on the opposite side are corrected for asymmetrical coma aberration, and the surface on which the image display element is arranged is eccentric. The optical element can be arranged substantially perpendicular to the optical axis after reflection on the second surface.

Further, if all the optical elements of the relay optical system are arranged coaxially, the manufacturability of the entire apparatus is improved, and the cost is reduced accordingly. If all the optical elements of the relay optical system are coaxially arranged, the optical system from the eccentric optical element to the image display element can be mounted on the normally used lens barrel, which improves the manufacturability of the relay optical system itself. Since the entire device is easily assembled, the cost of the device can be reduced.

FIG. 56 is a diagram of a state in which the image display device of the second invention of the present invention is attached to the right eye of an observer as observed from above the observer. In FIG. 56, 1 is the observer's pupil, 8 is the observer's eyeball, 2 is the visual axis when the observer faces the front,
Reference numeral 12 is the observer's nose, and 13 is the observer's ear.

The image display device of the second invention uses two image display elements 6a and 6b for displaying an observation image, and two relay optical systems 5a for forming real images of these image display elements 6a and 6b in the air. 5b, and an eyepiece optical system 3 having a function of projecting a real image thereof on the eyeball 8 and bending the optical axis,
It is composed of the relay optical systems 5a and 5b and the decentering optical element 4 arranged between the eyepiece optical system 3.

The decentering optical element 4 has at least one semi-transmissive surface, and is composed of at least two surfaces inclined or decentered with respect to the observer's visual axis. Further, the eyepiece optical system 3 is characterized by being a reflecting mirror having a concave surface.

The case of actually using the above-mentioned structure will be described by way of example 8 described later. By making the second surface 4b of the decentering optical element 4 a semi-transmissive surface, the light beam reflected by the eyepiece optical system 3 is a semi-transmissive surface.
The second surface 4b is divided into one that is reflected and one that is transmitted. The optical system on the side reflected by the decentered optical element 4 has a horizontal field angle of 80 ° and an exit pupil diameter of 12 mm, and the optical system on the transmissive side has a horizontal field angle of 40 ° and an exit pupil diameter of 8 mm. By presenting the entire presentation screen by the reflection side optical system and by making the transmission side image display element 6b have a high pixel density, the presentation screen is provided to the observer with a high resolution only in the central portion. I decided to.

As another usage, the entire screen is displayed by the optical system on the reflection side, and means for detecting the line of sight of the eyeball 8 of the observer or means for detecting the movement of the observer's head is provided. Be present. A portion that the observer is gazing or a portion that the observer wants to see is selected by the signals from the detection means, and only the image of the selected portion is displayed with high resolution by the transmission-side optical system. Alternatively, another image can be displayed.

By using the image display device having these configurations, for example, the observer can observe the central part of the observation screen or the region to be watched with high resolution, so that a large sense of realism can be obtained and the resolution is high. Therefore, fatigue can be reduced. On the other hand, according to another usage method, by displaying an image different from the entire image in the gazed region, an effect such as a strong stereoscopic effect can be expected.

In this case, it is desirable that at least one surface of the first relay optical system or the second relay optical system is tilted or decentered with respect to the observer's visual axis. At least one of the first and second relay optical systems
By tilting or decentering the surface with respect to the observer's visual axis, correction of coma aberration that occurs asymmetrically between the image on the image display element side and the image on the opposite side with respect to the observer's visual axis, and image display The surface on which the element is arranged can be arranged substantially perpendicular to the optical axis after the reflection on the second surface of the decentered optical element.

If the optical elements of the first relay optical system and the second relay optical system are coaxially arranged,
The manufacturability of the entire device is improved, which leads to cost reduction. If all the optical elements of the first and second relay optical systems are arranged coaxially, the optical system from the decentered optical element to the image display element can be mounted on the normally used lens barrel, and therefore the relay optical system itself Since the manufacturability is improved and the assembly of the entire device is facilitated, the cost of the device can be reduced.

Further, it is desirable that the exit pupil positions formed by the first relay optical system and the second relay optical system and the eyepiece optical system are different from each other. Normally, the position of the exit pupil of the optical system when the observer is observing the center of the screen is set near the iris position of the observer. On the other hand, when the observer is gazing at the periphery of the screen, if the position of the exit pupil of the optical system is set in the vicinity of the iris of the eyeball, the light flux incident on the eyeball is likely to be vignetted because the eyeball itself rotates. Therefore, by setting the exit pupil position of the optical system near the rotation center of the observer's eyeball, it is possible to eliminate the vignetting of the light flux.

Further, the first image display element and the second image display element display different images,
The present invention can be effectively used. As mentioned above,
It is divided into transmission and reflection by an eccentric optical element, one of which displays an image on the image display element so that an image of the entire screen can be displayed, and the other displays only an image of a certain portion. Only the image can be set to a high resolution, or another image can be displayed spotwise. In order to obtain such an effect, it is necessary to display another image on the first and second image display elements.

By making one of the first image display element and the second image display element movable, it becomes possible to effectively operate the element. For example, the first image display element on the reflection side of the decentered optical element is fixed, and the second image display element on the transmission side is movable. In this case, for example, when a region in which the observer is gazing is selected based on the information obtained by detecting the line of sight of the observer and only that part is set to high resolution, the angle of view for presenting the region to be high resolution is It may be narrower than the display angle of view. Furthermore, since the gazing point moves around in the entire image, it is necessary to move the image display element on the transmission side along with the movement of the gazing point.

By providing the image display element and the eyepiece optical system with positioning means for positioning the head with respect to the observer's head, the observer can observe a stable observation image.

By providing a supporting means for supporting the image display element and the eyepiece optical system with respect to the observer's head so that the observer's head can be mounted on the observer's head, the observer can freely observe the observation posture and the observation direction. The image can be observed with.

Further, by providing the supporting means for supporting at least two sets of the above image display devices at regular intervals, the observer can easily observe with both the left and right eyes. Further, it is possible to enjoy a stereoscopic image by displaying images with parallax on the left and right sets of image display surfaces and observing them with both eyes.

[0060]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments 1 to 13 of image display according to the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 13 which are sectional views of respective monocular image display devices.

The constituent parameters of each embodiment will be described later,
In the following description, the surface number is shown as the surface number for reverse tracking from the observer's pupil position 1 or the rotation center position 1'to the image display elements 6 and 6b. As shown in FIG. 1, the coordinates are taken with the iris position 1 or the rotation center position 1'of the observer as the origin, and the observer visual axis 2 from the origin toward the eyepiece optical system 3 as a positive direction. The Z axis is orthogonal to the observer's visual axis 2, and the X axis is positive from below in the vertical direction when viewed from the observer's eye. It is defined as the Y axis with the right as positive. In other words, the inside of the paper is the YZ plane, and the plane perpendicular to the paper is X
-Set to the Z plane. It is assumed that the optical axis is bent in the YZ plane of the drawing.

In the constituent parameters to be described later, the surfaces on which the eccentricity amounts Y and Z and the tilt angle θ are described are from the one surface (pupil position 1 or 1 ') which is the reference surface unless otherwise specified. Means the amount of eccentricity of the apex of the surface in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, and the inclination angle of the central axis of the surface from the Z-axis. In this case, θ means positive counterclockwise. Also, for a surface that is different (relative to the front surface), the point of the surface spacing given by the front surface along the central axis of the front surface becomes the reference point, and the front surface A new Z-axis direction is defined as the central axis of, and a new Y-axis direction, an eccentric amount in the Z-axis direction, and an inclination angle of the central axis of the surface from the new Z-axis. It should be noted that a surface on which the eccentricity amounts Y and Z and the tilt angle θ are not described means that it is coaxial with the surface before it.

The surface spacing is given only for the coaxial system portion, and is the axial spacing from that surface to the next surface or the reference point of the next surface. The surface spacing is shown as positive in the direction of reverse tracking along the optical axis.

Further, in each surface, an aspherical shape which is non-rotationally symmetric has coordinates R _y and R _{x which} are paraxial radius of curvature in the YZ plane (paper surface) and X- Paraxial radii of curvature in the Z plane, K _x and K _y are the X-Z plane and Y-, respectively.
The conic coefficients AR and BR in the Z plane are the fourth-order and sixth-order aspherical coefficients rotationally symmetric with respect to the Z axis, respectively, and AP and BP are the fourth-order and sixth-order non-spherical coefficients rotationally asymmetric with respect to the Z axis, respectively. Assuming a spherical coefficient, the aspherical expression is as shown below.

Z = [(X ² / R _x ) + (Y ² / R _y )] / [1+ {1- (1 + K _x ) (X ² / R _x ² )-(1 + K _y )] (Y ² / R _y ² )} ^1/2 ] + AR [(1-AP) X ² + (1 + AP) Y ² ] ² + BR [(1-BP) X ² + (1 + BP) Y ² ] ³ The refractive index of the medium between the surfaces is expressed by the d-line refractive index. The Abbe number is represented by the Abbe number on the d line. Unit of length is m
m.

The following examples are all image display devices for the right eye, and all the optical elements for the left eye are Y-type.
It can be realized by symmetrically arranging in the Z plane. Further, it goes without saying that in an actual device, the direction in which the optical axis is bent by the eyepiece optical system may be above, below, or lateral to the observer.

In each of the sectional views, 1 is the observer pupil position, 2 is the observer visual axis, 3 is the eyepiece optical system, 4 is a decentering optical element, 5 5a and 5b are relay optical systems, 6, 6
Image display elements a and 6b are provided.

The actual light ray paths in the respective embodiments are as follows, taking the first embodiment as an example. That is, the light flux emitted from the image display element 6 enters the relay optical system 5, further enters the first surface 4a of the decentering optical element 4, and the second surface 4b.
And is refracted again by the first surface 4a, is incident on the eyepiece optical system 3, and is reflected and projected into the observer's eyeball by using the iris position of the observer's pupil or the center of rotation of the eyeball as the exit pupil 1. It When the second surface 4b of the decentered optical element 4 is a semi-transmissive surface (Examples 8 to 13), the second image display element 6b is used.
The light beam emitted from the laser beam enters the second relay optical system 5b,
Further, it is incident on the second surface 4b of the eccentric optical element 4 to be refracted, then is refracted on the first surface 4a thereof, is incident on the eyepiece optical system 3, and is reflected, and then is reflected and the iris position of the observer's pupil or the center of rotation of the eyeball. Is projected into the observer's eyeball as an exit pupil. The light flux emitted from the first image display element 6a is the same as that in the first embodiment.

[Embodiment 1] In this embodiment, a sectional view is shown in FIG. 1, where a horizontal field angle is 80 °, a vertical field angle is 64.3 °, and a pupil diameter is 1.
2 mm. In the configuration parameters described below, 2,
Surfaces 3, 4, and 5 are anamorphic aspherical surfaces, and the other surfaces are spherical surfaces. The eyepiece optical system 3 is a surface-reflecting concave mirror.
The relay optical system 5 is composed of two spherical lenses,
It is deployed coaxially.

[Embodiment 2] A sectional view of this embodiment is shown in FIG. 2, in which a horizontal field angle is 80 °, a vertical field angle is 64.3 °, and a pupil diameter is 1.
2 mm. In the configuration parameters described below, 2,
Surfaces 3, 4, and 5 are anamorphic aspherical surfaces, and the other surfaces are spherical surfaces. The eyepiece optical system 3 is a surface-reflecting concave mirror.
The relay optical system 5 is composed of three spherical lenses,
It is deployed coaxially.

[Embodiment 3] A sectional view of this embodiment is shown in FIG. 3, in which a horizontal field angle is 80 °, a vertical field angle is 64.3 °, and a pupil diameter is 1.
2 mm. In the configuration parameters described below, 2,
Surfaces 3, 4, and 5 are anamorphic aspherical surfaces, and the other surfaces are spherical surfaces. The eyepiece optical system 3 is a surface-reflecting concave mirror.
The relay optical system 5 is composed of four spherical lenses,
It is deployed coaxially.

[Embodiment 4] In this embodiment, a sectional view is shown in FIG. 4, in which a horizontal field angle is 80 °, a vertical field angle is 64.3 °, and a pupil diameter is 1.
2 mm. In the configuration parameters described below, 2,
Surfaces 3, 4, and 5 are anamorphic aspherical surfaces, and the other surfaces are spherical surfaces. The eyepiece optical system 3 is a surface-reflecting concave mirror.
The relay optical system 5 is composed of three spherical lenses,
Each is eccentrically deployed.

[Embodiment 5] A sectional view of this embodiment is shown in FIG. 5, in which a horizontal field angle is 80 °, a vertical field angle is 64.3 °, and a pupil diameter is 1.
2 mm. In the configuration parameters described below, 2,
Surfaces 3, 4, and 5 are anamorphic aspherical surfaces, and the other surfaces are spherical surfaces. The eyepiece optical system 3 is a surface-reflecting concave mirror.
The relay optical system 5 is composed of four spherical lenses,
Each is eccentrically deployed.

[Embodiment 6] A sectional view of this embodiment is shown in FIG. 6, with a horizontal angle of view of 90 °, a vertical angle of view of 73.7 °, and a pupil diameter of 1
2 mm. In the configuration parameters described below, 3,
Surfaces 5, 6, and 7 are anamorphic aspherical surfaces, and the other surfaces are spherical surfaces. The eyepiece optical system 3 is a back-reflection concave mirror.
The relay optical system 5 is composed of one spherical lens,
It is eccentrically deployed.

[Embodiment 7] In this embodiment, a sectional view is shown in FIG. 7, with a horizontal angle of view of 90 °, a vertical angle of view of 73.7 °, and a pupil diameter of 1
2 mm. In the configuration parameters described below, 2,
Surfaces 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 are anamorphic aspherical surfaces,
The other surface is a spherical surface. The eyepiece optical system 3 is a back-reflection concave mirror. The relay optical system 5 is composed of two spherical lenses, which are eccentrically arranged.

[Embodiment 8] In this embodiment, FIG.
And a cross-sectional view of a case where the present embodiment is combined, showing a relay optical system 5b in the case where the decentered optical element 4 is transmitted in the third embodiment. Horizontal angle of view 40 °, vertical angle of view 30.6
°, the pupil diameter is 8 mm, and the position of the exit pupil 1 ′ is set on the inner side of the eyeball by 10 mm as compared with the case of the third embodiment. That is, the position of the exit pupil 1 of the optical system that reflects the light by the decentered optical system 4 of Example 3 and projects it on the eyeball is the observer's iris position, and the position of the exit pupil 1'of this embodiment is the center of rotation of the observer's eyeball. It's supposed. In the configuration parameters to be described later, configuration parameters only for the relay optical system 5b and the image display element 6b after transmission when the second surface 4b of the decentered optical element 4 is a semi-transmissive surface are shown. The second and third surfaces are anamorphic surfaces, and the other surfaces are spherical surfaces. The relay optical system 5b is composed of two decentered lenses.

[Embodiment 9] In this embodiment, FIG.
And a cross-sectional view of a case where the present embodiment is combined, showing a relay optical system 5b in the case where the decentered optical element 4 is transmitted in the third embodiment. Horizontal angle of view 40 °, vertical angle of view 30.6
°, the pupil diameter is 8 mm, and the position of the exit pupil 1 ′ is set on the inner side of the eyeball by 10 mm as compared with the case of the third embodiment. That is, the position of the exit pupil 1 of the optical system that reflects the light by the decentered optical system 4 of Example 3 and projects it on the eyeball is the observer's iris position, and the position of the exit pupil 1'of this embodiment is the center of rotation of the observer's eyeball. I am assuming. In the configuration parameters to be described later, configuration parameters only for the relay optical system 5b and the image display element 6b after transmission when the second surface 4b of the decentered optical element 4 is a semi-transmissive surface are shown. All surfaces are spherical. The relay optical system 5b is composed of four decentered lenses.

[Embodiment 10] This embodiment shows a cross-sectional view of the combination of Embodiment 1 and this embodiment in FIG.
It is the relay optical system 5b when the light is transmitted through the decentering optical element 4 in the first embodiment. Horizontal angle of view 40 °, vertical angle of view 30.
The angle is 6 ° and the pupil diameter is 8 mm. In the configuration parameters described below, when the second surface 4b of the decentering optical element 4 is a semi-transmissive surface, the relay optical system 5b and the image display element 6b after transmission are transmitted.
The configuration parameters are shown only for. The second and third surfaces are anamorphic surfaces, and the other surfaces are spherical surfaces. The relay optical system 5b is composed of two decentered lenses.

[Embodiment 11] This embodiment shows a sectional view in the case where Embodiment 1 and this embodiment are combined in FIG.
It is the relay optical system 5b when the light is transmitted through the decentering optical element 4 in the first embodiment. Horizontal angle of view 60 °, vertical angle of view 46.
It is 8 ° and the pupil diameter is 4 mm. In the configuration parameters described below, when the second surface 4b of the decentering optical element 4 is a semi-transmissive surface, the relay optical system 5b and the image display element 6b after transmission are transmitted.
The configuration parameters are shown only for. The second and third surfaces are anamorphic surfaces, and the other surfaces are spherical surfaces. The relay optical system 5b is composed of three decentered lenses.

[Embodiment 12] This embodiment shows a sectional view of a combination of Embodiment 1 and this embodiment in FIG.
It is the relay optical system 5b when the light is transmitted through the decentering optical element 4 in the first embodiment. Horizontal angle of view 60 °, vertical angle of view 46.
It is 8 ° and the pupil diameter is 4 mm. In the configuration parameters described below, when the second surface 4b of the decentering optical element 4 is a semi-transmissive surface, the relay optical system 5b and the image display element 6b after transmission are transmitted.
The configuration parameters are shown only for. All surfaces are spherical. The relay optical system 5b is composed of four decentered lenses.

[Embodiment 13] This embodiment shows a sectional view of the combination of Embodiment 1 and this embodiment in FIG.
It is the relay optical system 5b when the light is transmitted through the decentering optical element 4 in the first embodiment. Horizontal angle of view 60 °, vertical angle of view 46.
The angle is 8 ° and the pupil diameter is 12 mm. In the configuration parameters described below, the relay optical system 5b and the image display element 6 after transmission when the second surface 4b of the decentered optical element 4 is a semi-transmissive surface
Configuration parameters for b only are shown. Nine surfaces are anamorphic surfaces and the other surfaces are spherical surfaces. The relay optical system 5b is composed of five decentered lenses.

The constituent parameters of Examples 1 to 13 are shown below. Example 1 Surface number Curvature radius Spacing Refractive index Abbe number (eccentricity) (tilt angle) 1 ∞ (pupil) 2 R _y -111.388 Y -64.014 θ -12.78 ° R _x -86.545 Z 58.000 K _y 0.459 K _x 0.192096 AR 1.36748 × 10 ^-9 BR -1.4175 × 10 ^-14 AP 4.38595 BP 5.4541 3 R _y -77.957 1.5163 64.10 R _x -52.428 Y -56.150 θ 8.10 ° K _y 1.434719 Z 1.258 K _x -1.374891 AR 1.67809 × 10 ^-8 BR 1.12419 × 10 ^-9 AP -3.33644 BP -0.0794838 4 R _y 695.598 1.5163 64.10 R _x 485.520 Y -86.093 θ 8.69 ° K _y 0 Z -18.794 K _x 0 AR -2.20897 × 10 ^-9 BR -1.22261 × 10 ^-10 AP 2.23678 BP -0.480876 5 R _y -77.957 Y -56.150 θ 8.10 ° R _x -52.428 Z 1.258 K _y 1.434719 K _x -1.374891 AR 1.67809 × 10 ^-8 BR 1.12419 × 10 ^-9 AP -3.33644 BP -0.0794838 6 58.359 15.137 1.6200 60.30 Y -87.854 θ -20.00 ° Z 17.781 7 -47.862 2.725 8 33.696 18.082 1.6200 60.30 9 -172.352 10 (Image display device) Y -104.726 θ -40.31 ° Z 59.103 (1) α = 45.92 ° (2) β = 64.54 ° (3) R _y / R _x = 1.287.

Example 2 Surface number Curvature radius Spacing Refractive index Abbe number (eccentricity) (tilt angle) 1 ∞ (pupil) 2 R _y -112.203 Y -53.425 θ -8.16 ° R _x -90.880 Z 61.039 K _y 0.451178 K _x -0.101448 AR 3.88648 × 10 ^-8 BR -9.06912 × 10 ^-16 AP 0.0861223 BP 9.22942 3 R _y -81.167 1.5163 64.10 R _x -81.265 Y -76.922 θ 10.73 ° K _y 0 Z -29.869 K _x 0 AR 6.88835 × 10 ^-7 BR -7.81868 x 10 ^-17 AP -0.0769981 BP -61.8293 4 R _y 1330.917 1.5163 64.10 R _x 501.536 Y -98.239 θ 10.29 ° K _y 0 Z -45.058 K _x 0 AR -2.07833 x 10 ^-7 BR -2.56955 x 10 ^-12 AP 0.0781516 BP -1.40503 5 R _y -81.167 Y -76.922 θ 10.73 ° R _x -81.265 Z -29.869 K _y 0 K _x 0 AR 6.88835 × 10 ^-7 BR -7.81868 × 10 ^-17 AP -0.0769981 BP- 61.8293 6 77.096 5.769 1.5156 67.48 Y -103.000 θ -0.20 ° Z 2.925 7 -245.058 0.104 8 45.547 8.576 1.4904 70.01 9 384.615 8.997 10 52.418 9.844 1.7440 44.70 11 -260 .865 12 (image display device) Y -112.269 θ -26.72 ° Z 47.392 (1) α = 40.12 ° (2) β = 69.07 ° (3) R _y / R _x = 1.234.

Example 3 Surface Number Curvature Radius Spacing Refractive Index Abbe Number (Eccentricity) (Tilt Angle) 1 ∞ (Pupil) 2 R _y -105.401 Y -61.929 θ -12.18 ° R _x -82.442 Z 58.871 K _y 0.32259 K _x -0.300804 AR 8.96399 × 10 ^-8 BR -1.32457 × 10 ^-11 AP -0.153282 BP -0.759759 3 R _y -67.34402 1.5163 64.10 R _x -73.913 Y -101.890 θ 0.30 ° K _y 0 Z -21.088 K _x 0 AR 4.69582 × 10 ^-7 BR 1.45754 × 10 ^-17 AP 0.416985 BP 79.5618 4 R _y 3743.526 1.5163 64.10 R _x 524.001 Y -93.251 θ 13.90 ° K _y 0 Z -43.646 K _x 0 AR -5.00425 × 10 ^-7 BR -3.17601 × 10 ^-18 AP -0.0496521 BP -225.626 5 R _y -67.34402 Y -101.890 θ 0.30 ° R _x -73.913 Z -21.088 K _y 0 K _x 0 AR 4.69582 × 10 ^-7 BR 1.45754 × 10 ^-17 AP 0.416985 BP 79.5618 6 67.892 6.321 1.6222 59.85 Y -108.096 θ 7.97 ° Z 8.892 7 2208.561 0.100 8 63.733 14.798 1.5413 65.28 9 -37.410 1.500 1.7492 27.84 10 -136.209 5.690 11 78.9 17 7.308 1.7071 41.54 12 -145.382 13 (Image display element) Y -113.106 θ -27.06 ° Z 57.453 (1) α = 44.64 ° (2) β = 68.48 ° (3) R _y / R _x = 1.278.

Example 4 Surface number Curvature radius Spacing Refractive index Abbe number (Eccentricity) (Inclination angle) 1 ∞ (Pupil) 2 R _y -109.904 Y -55.940 θ -6.92 ° R _x -83.989 Z 61.537 K _y 0.428494 K _x -0.532434 AR 3.28945 x 10 ^-8 BR -1.04062 x 10 ^-11 AP 0.527877 BP -0.574124 3 R _y -76.875 1.5163 64.10 R _x -65.883 Y -95.341 θ 7.88 ° K _y 0 Z -21.808 K _x 0 AR 3.86415 x 10 ^-7 BR -2.38015 × 10 ^-15 AP -0.255819 BP -48.3338 4 R _y ∞ 1.5163 64.10 R _x 1021.605 Y -100.607 θ 14.03 ° K _y 0 Z -39.240 K _x 0 AR -3.60578 × 10 ^-7 BR -1.22311 × 10 ^-12 AP 0.00340833 BP -4.6892 5 R _y -76.875 Y -95.341 θ 7.88 ° R _x -65.883 Z -21.808 K _y 0 K _x 0 AR 3.86415 × 10 ^-7 BR -2.38015 × 10 ^-15 AP -0.255819 BP -48.3338 6 60.013 6.793 1.5724 63.05 Y -105.323 θ 8.00 ° Z 9.850 7 -379.236 3.771 8 55.272 10.002 1.4870 70.40 (relative to the front face) Y -11.564 θ -1.22 ° 9 159.339 5.097 10 57.151 6.743 1.7440 44.70 (relative to the front surface) Y 4.307 θ -0.40 ° 11 -314.604 12 (Image display element) Y -116.282 θ -27.86 ° Z 56.050 (1) α = 45.51 ° (2) β = 67.96 (3) _Ry / _Rx = 1.309.

Example 5 Surface number Curvature radius Spacing Refractive index Abbe number (Eccentricity) (Inclination angle) 1 ∞ (Pupil) 2 R _y -108.292 Y -59.495 θ -9.83 ° R _x -79.370 Z 60.618 K _y 0.382543 K _x -0.453369 AR 7.44552 × 10 ^-8 BR -1.03433 × 10 ^-11 AP-0.0465857 BP -0.728438 3 R _y -68.341 1.5163 64.10 R _x -76.363 Y -104.494 θ -2.87 ° K _y 0 Z -21.110 K _x 0 AR 4.20324 x 10 ^-7 BR 5.21401 x 10 ^-17 AP 0.348125 BP 86.8929 4 R _y 3931.564 1.5163 64.10 R _x 524.169 Y -93.134 θ 12.92 ° K _y 0 Z -43.016 K _x 0 AR -4.50503 x 10 ^-7 BR -3.87229 x 10 ^-18 AP -0.0326903 BP -246.938 5 R _y -68.341 R _x -76.363 Y -104.494 θ -2.87 ° K _y 0 Z -21.110 K _x 0 AR 4.20324 × 10 ^-7 BR 5.21401 × 10 ^-17 AP 0.348125 BP 86.8929 6 53.501 5.744 1.6213 60.04 Y -106.005 θ 7.99 ° Z 8.678 7 910.262 1.818 8 82.254 12.273 1.5015 68.85 (relative to the front face) Y -1.248 θ 1.71 ° 9 -32.255 1.500 1.7537 27.65 10 -126.971 6.201 11 80.878 8.569 1.7472 37.78 (relative to the front surface) Y -5.058 θ -0.67 ° 12 -110.466 13 (Image display element) Y -113.999 θ -25.58 ° Z 58.114 (1) α = 44.74 ° (2) β = 68.11 ° (3) R _y / R _x = 1.364.

Example 6 Surface number Curvature radius Spacing Refractive index Abbe number (Eccentricity) (Inclination angle) 1 ∞ (pupil) 2 -233.041 1.5163 64.10 Y -22.047 θ 0.29 ° Z 34.302 3 R _y -114.001 1.5163 64.10 R _x -81.811 Y -36.872 θ -3.10 ° K _y -0.318922 Z 53.698 K _x -1.223384 AR -1.27632 × 10 ^-8 BR -1.98599 × 10 ^-11 AP 0.874636 BP -0.0719209 4 -233.041 Y -22.047 θ 0.29 ° Z 34.302 5 R _y -30.184 1.5163 64.10 R _x -35.791 Y -79.260 θ 3.45 ° K _y 0 Z -6.489 K _x 0 AR -1.22945 × 10 ^-7 BR 2.40034 × 10 ^-11 AP -4.74593 BP 4.25653 6 R _y 438.067 1.5163 64.10 R _x 183.437 Y -80.870 θ 17.97 ° K _y 0 Z -34.008 K _x 0 AR -2.71656 × 10 ^-6 BR -5.96538 × 10 ^-12 AP -0.0398252 BP -3.66615 7 R _y -30.184 Y -79.260 θ 3.45 ° R _x -35.791 Z -6.489 K _y 0 K _x 0 AR -1.22945 × 10 ^-7 BR 2.40034 × 10 ^-11 AP -4.74593 BP 4.25653 8 51.279 12.204 1.5461 64.91 Y -92.011 θ 14.56 ° Z 7.641 9 -70.168 10 (image display device) Y -91.178 θ -21.16 ° Z 30.143 (1) α = 47.34 ° (2) β = 62.62 ° (3) R _y / R _x = 1.393.

Example 7 Surface number Curvature radius Spacing Refractive index Abbe number (Decentering amount) (Inclination angle) 1 ∞ (Pupil) 2 R _y -373.183 1.5613 64.10 R _x -75.059 Y -3.825 θ -0.25 ° K _y 17.364969 Z 37.967 K _x 2.377611 AR -4.15 168 x 10 ^-8 BR -5.39101 x 10 ^-12 AP 0.828229 BP 0.643677 3 R _y -132.229 1.5163 64.10 R _x -88.147 Y -36.237 θ -3.03 ° K _y -0.331173 Z 63.339 K _x 0.067343 AR -7.18554 x 10 ^-9 BR -2.44529 x 10 ^-11 AP 0.917801 BP -0.323349 4 R _y -373.183 Y -3.825 θ -0.25 ° R _x -75.059 Z 37.967 K _y 17.364969 K _x 2.377611 AR -4.15168 x 10 ^-8 BR -5.39101 x 10 ^-12 AP 0.828229 BP 0.643677 5 R _y -61.889 1.5163 64.10 R _x -49.865 Y -83.034 θ -0.72 ° K _y 1.699213 Z -0.828 K _x 1.143702 AR -2.48578 x 10 ^-6 BR 1.66064 x 10 ^-9 _{AP 0.534039 BP 0.0185837 6 R y 431.270} 1.5163 64.10 R x 198.825 Y -79.884 θ 15.44 ° K y 0 Z -29.714 K x 0 AR -1.62921 × 10 -6 B ^{-7.35071 × 10 -10 AP -0.313916 BP 0.24977} 7 R y -61.889 Y -83.034 θ -0.72 ° R x -49.865 Z -0.828 K y 1.699213 K x 1.143702 AR -2.48578 × 10 -6 BR 1.66064 × 10 -9 AP 0.534039 BP 0.0185837 8 38.136 8.764 1.5031 68.68 Y -85.727 θ -4.99 ° Z 5.788 9 -236.271 2.607 10 43.114 13.062 1.5448 65.02 (against the front face) Y -5.194 θ -2.17 ° 11 -45.856 12 (image display device) Y -96.173 θ -34.64 ° Z 37.830 (1) α = 46.14 ° (2) β = 59.74 ° (3) R _y / R _x = 1.500.

Example 8 Surface Number Curvature Radius Spacing Refractive Index Abbe Number (Eccentricity) (Tilt Angle) 1 ∞ (Pupil) 2 R _y -84.615 1.6902 49.71 R _x -73.913 Y -128.861 θ 17.10 ° K _y 0 Z- 22.878 K _x 0 AR 4.69582 × 10 ^-7 BR 1.45754 × 10 ^-17 AP 0.416985 BP 79.5618 3 R _y 82.728 Y -103.442 θ 40.44 ° R _x 249.950 Z -47.206 4 -28.950 -14.985 1.5808 62.51 Y -125.678 θ 18.31 ° Z -62.192 5 3813.470 6 (image display device) Y -144.436 θ 63.74 ° Z -84.700.

Example 9 Surface number Curvature radius Spacing Refractive index Abbe number (Eccentricity) (Inclination angle) 1 ∞ (Pupil) 2 -323.236 -7.207 1.7042 48.23 Y -107.529 θ 29.72 ° Z -52.535 3 52.268 -3.498 4- 29.741 -11.298 1.5465 64.88 (relative to the front face) Y -3.367 θ 28.77 ° 5 40.931 -1.500 1.7550 27.60 6 -55.531 -25.228 7 -24.174 -12.307 1.7440 44.70 (relative to the front face) Y 2.885 θ -15.31 ° 8 -66.571 9 (image display element) Y -158.100 θ 58.89 ° Z -100.029.

Example 10 Surface Number Curvature Radius Spacing Refractive Index Abbe Number (Eccentricity) (Tilt Angle) 1 ∞ (Pupil) 2 R _y -42.329 1.5163 64.10 R _x -24.539 Y -91.899 θ 8.71 ° Z -25.000 3 R _y 134.564 Y -88.969 θ 14.86 ° R _x 343.377 Z -45.000 4 -36.961 -18.755 1.7440 44.70 ° Y -100.533 θ 22.12 ° Z -48.242 5 38.135 6 (image display device) Y -120.450 θ 66.47 ° Z -70.004.

Example 11 Surface number Curvature radius Spacing Refractive index Abbe number (Decentering amount) (Inclination angle) 1 ∞ (Pupil) 2 R _y -81.104 1.5163 64.10 R _x -47.397 Y -79.911 θ 6.94 ° Z -25.155 3 R _y 42.175 Y -78.471 θ 25.08 ° R _x 39.364 Z -38.689 4 -22.367 -10.196 1.4870 70.40 Y -87.441 θ 44.44 ° Z -36.167 5 23.352 6 -42.608 -10.816 1.6200 60.30 Y -100.685 θ 37.28 ° Z -54.715 8 (Image display element) Y -116.293 θ 59.33 ° Z -77.220.

Example 12 Surface number Curvature radius Spacing Refractive index Abbe number (Eccentricity) (Inclination angle) 1 ∞ (Pupil) 2 -365.923 -3.323 1.7550 27.60 Y -83.315 θ 34.77 ° Z -36.028 3 41.750 -1.485 4- 17.739 -6.276 1.5860 58.90 (relative to front face) Y -2.819 θ 18.17 ° 5 11.854 -1.500 1.7138 29.48 6 -17.298 -6.594 7 -307.817 -5.534 1.7440 44.70 (relative to front face) Y 0.197 θ -0.35 ° 8 18.583 9 (image display element) Y -119.626 θ 68.66 ° Z -66.719.

Example 13 Surface number Curvature radius Spacing Refractive index Abbe's number (eccentricity) (tilt angle) 1 ∞ (pupil) 2 -135.581 -9.980 1.5890 41.97 Y -64.929 θ 21.43 ° Z -29.363 3 70.448 -9.143 4- 28.619 -7.343 1.5413 65.29 (relative to the front surface) Y -16.976 θ 22.75 ° 5 12.765 -1.500 1.7178 29.27 6 -33.973 -2.324 7 -83.265 -4.082 1.7464 39.29 (relative to the front surface) Y -0.985 θ- 5.19 ° 8 30.115 -3.845 9 R _y 81.517 -9.665 1.7440 44.70 R _x -610.184 (relative to the front face) K _y 0 Y -6.096 θ 17.36 ° K _x 0 Z -1.368 AR 3.63931 × 10 ^-6 BR 2.57844 × 10 ^-10 AP -0.58506 BP -2.19839 10 28.364 11 (image display device) Y -121.221 θ 56.90 ° Z -74.435.

Next, the lateral aberration diagrams for the first embodiment will be shown in FIGS.
FIG. 16 is a lateral aberration diagram of Examples 2 to 13 similarly to FIGS. 17 to 19, 20 to 22, 23 to 25, 26 to 28, 29 to 31, and 32 to 32, respectively. 34 and 3
5 to 37, 38 to 40, 41 to 43, 44
~ Fig. 46, Fig. 47 to Fig. 49, and Fig. 50 to Fig. 52. In these lateral aberration diagrams, the numbers in parentheses represent (horizontal angle of view, vertical angle of view) (in degrees), and the lateral aberration at that angle of view.

Although the image display apparatus of the present invention has been described above based on the embodiments, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments and various modifications can be made. To configure the image display device of the present invention as a head-mounted image display device (HMD) 20, as shown in a sectional view in FIG. 57 (a) and a perspective view in FIG. 57 (b), for example, a headband 21 is used. Attach it to the observer's head for use. In the case of this use example, the reflecting surface of the eyepiece optical system 3 is a semi-transmissive mirror (half mirror) 26.
The liquid crystal shutter 2 is placed in front of this half mirror 26.
5 is provided so that the external image can be observed selectively or superposed on the image of the image display device.

The above-described image display device of the present invention can be configured, for example, as follows.

[1] An image display device for displaying an image,
In an image display device including a relay optical system that projects a real image of the image in the air and an eyepiece optical system that guides the real image to an observer's eye, at least one reflection is provided between the relay optical system and the eyepiece optical system. Having a surface, and inclined with respect to the observer's visual axis, or comprising a decentered optical element composed of at least two surfaces decentered, the eyepiece optical system is a reflecting mirror composed of a concave surface, An image display device, which is inclined or eccentric with respect to the observer's visual axis.

[2] If the angle between the observer's visual axis before entering the eyepiece optical system and the observer's visual axis after reflection is α, then 30 ° <α <60 ° (1) is satisfied. The image display device according to the above [1].

[3] When the angle formed by the visual axis after reflection by the eyepiece optical system and the reflection surface of the decentered optical system is β, 40 ° <β <80 ° (2) The image display device according to the above [1] or [2].

[4] The image display device according to the above [1], wherein the surface of the decentered optical element on the eyepiece optical system side is a curved surface with a convex surface facing the eyepiece optical system.

[5] The above [4], wherein the surface of the decentered optical element on the eyepiece optical system side is a curved surface whose curvature on the eyeball side of the observer has a stronger positive power than that on the opposite side. Image display device.

[6] An image display device for displaying an image,
In an image display device including a relay optical system that projects a real image of the image in the air and an eyepiece optical system that guides the real image to an observer's eye, at least one reflection is provided between the relay optical system and the eyepiece optical system. A decentered optical element having at least two surfaces having a surface and inclined or decentered with respect to the observer's visual axis, and the eyepiece optical system has at least two surfaces. When the first surface and the second surface are arranged from the side, the first surface is a transmissive surface, and the second surface is a reflective surface or a semi-transmissive surface with a concave surface facing the observer, An image display device, which is inclined or eccentric with respect to the image display device.

[7] The image display device according to the above [1] or [6], wherein at least one surface constituting the eyepiece optical system is an aspherical surface.

[8] The image display device according to the above [7], wherein at least one surface constituting the eyepiece optical system is an anamorphic surface.

[0106]

[9] The surface in the vertical direction including the observer's visual axis is the XZ plane, and the surface in the horizontal direction including the observer's visual axis is Y.
-When defined as the Z plane, at least one of the eyepiece optical systems
When the radius of curvature of the surface in the YZ plane is R _y and the radius of curvature in the XZ plane is R _x , R _y / R _x > 1 (3) is satisfied. The image display device according to the above [7] or [8].

[10] At least one surface forming the decentered optical system is an aspherical surface. [1]
Alternatively, the image display device according to [6].

[11] The image display device according to the above [10], wherein at least one surface constituting the decentered optical system is an anamorphic surface.

[12] The image display device according to the above [1] or [6], wherein the display surface of the image display element is arranged to be inclined with respect to the observer's visual axis.

[13] The image display device according to the above [1] or [6], wherein the relay optical system is arranged so as to be inclined or decentered with respect to the observer's visual axis.

[14] The image display device according to the above [1] or [6], wherein all the optical elements of the relay optical system are arranged coaxially.

[15] An image display element for displaying an image, a relay optical system for projecting a real image of the image in the air,
In an image display device comprising an eyepiece optical system that guides the real image to an observer's eyeball, between the relay optical system and the eyepiece optical system, there is at least one semi-transmissive surface, and with respect to the observer's visual axis. A decentered optical element having at least two surfaces that are inclined or decentered, and a first relay optical system and a first relay optical system on each of a reflective side and a transmissive side with respect to the at least semi-transmissive surface of the decentered optical element. An image display device comprising a two-relay optical system, wherein a first image display element and a second image display element are provided in the vicinity of the object planes of the first relay optical system and the second relay optical system, respectively.

[16] At least one optical element forming the first relay optical system or the second relay optical system is tilted or decentered with respect to the observer's visual axis. ] The image display device described.

[17] The above-mentioned [15], wherein the optical elements constituting at least one relay optical system of the first relay optical system and the second relay optical system are coaxially arranged. Image display device.

[18] The image display device according to the above [15], wherein the respective exit pupil positions formed by the first relay optical system and the second relay optical system and the eyepiece optical system are different. .

[19] The image display device according to the above [15], wherein different images are displayed on the first image display element and the second image display element, respectively.

[20] The image display device according to the above [15], wherein one of the first image display element and the second image display element is movable.

[21] The image described in any one of [1] to [20] above, which has a positioning means for positioning the image display element and the eyepiece optical system with respect to the observer's head. Display device.

[22] The above-mentioned [1] to [21], wherein the image display device and the eyepiece optical system have a supporting means for supporting the head of the observer and can be mounted on the head of the observer. The image display device according to claim 1.

[23] The image display device as described in any one of [1] to [22] above, which has a supporting means for supporting at least two sets of the image display device at a constant interval.

[0121]

As is clear from the above description, according to the image display device of the present invention, the image display device is small and lightweight, enables an observation angle of view of 80 ° or more during monocular observation, and has a clear image on the entire screen. Can be observed, and an image display device having a large exit pupil diameter can be provided. Further, in such an image display device, it is possible to provide an image display device capable of selectively changing the resolution or the image of the observed image.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an optical path diagram of an image display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an optical path diagram of an image display device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an optical path diagram of an image display device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an optical path diagram of an image display device of Example 4 of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an optical path diagram of an image display device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an optical path diagram of an image display device of Example 6 of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is an optical path diagram of an image display device according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an optical path diagram of an image display device of Example 8 of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an optical path diagram of an image display device according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is an optical path diagram of an image display device according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is an optical path diagram of an image display device according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 is an optical path diagram of an image display device according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is an optical path diagram of an image display device of Example 13 of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a part of a lateral aberration diagram of Example 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 15 is another portion of the lateral aberration diagram of Example 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is the remaining portion of the lateral aberration diagram for Example 1 of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a part of a transverse aberration diagram for Example 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is another portion of the lateral aberration diagram according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is the remaining portion of the lateral aberration diagram for Example 2 of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a part of a transverse aberration diagram for Example 3 of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is another part of the lateral aberration diagram according to the third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is the remaining portion of the lateral aberration diagram for Example 3 of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a part of a lateral aberration diagram according to Example 4 of the present invention.

FIG. 24 is another portion of the lateral aberration diagram of Example 4 of the present invention.

FIG. 25 is the remaining portion of the lateral aberration diagram for Example 4 of the present invention.

FIG. 26 is a part of a lateral aberration diagram of Example 5 of the present invention.

FIG. 27 is another portion of the lateral aberration diagram of Example 5 of the present invention.

FIG. 28 is the remaining portion of the lateral aberration diagram for Example 5 of the present invention.

FIG. 29 is a part of a lateral aberration diagram according to Example 6 of the present invention.

FIG. 30 is another portion of the lateral aberration diagram of Example 6 of the present invention.

FIG. 31 is the remaining portion of the lateral aberration diagram for Example 6 of the present invention.

FIG. 32 is a part of a lateral aberration diagram according to Example 7 of the present invention.

FIG. 33 is another portion of the lateral aberration diagram of Example 7 of the present invention.

FIG. 34 is the remaining portion of the lateral aberration diagram for Example 7 of the present invention.

FIG. 35 is a part of a lateral aberration diagram according to Example 8 of the present invention.

FIG. 36 is another part of the lateral aberration diagram according to Example 8 of the present invention.

FIG. 37 is the remaining portion of the transverse aberration diagram for Example 8 of the present invention.

FIG. 38 is a part of a lateral aberration diagram according to Example 9 of the present invention.

FIG. 39 is another part of the transverse aberration diagram for Example 9 of the present invention.

FIG. 40 is the remaining portion of the transverse aberration diagram for Example 9 of the present invention.

FIG. 41 is a part of a lateral aberration diagram of Example 10 of the present invention.

42 is another portion of the lateral aberration diagram for Example 10 of the present invention. FIG.

FIG. 43 is the remaining portion of the lateral aberration diagram for Example 10 of the present invention.

FIG. 44 is a part of a lateral aberration diagram according to Example 11 of the present invention.

FIG. 45 is another portion of the lateral aberration diagram of Example 11 of the present invention.

FIG. 46 is the remaining portion of the lateral aberration diagram for Example 11 of the present invention.

FIG. 47 is a part of a lateral aberration diagram of Example 12 of the present invention.

FIG. 48 is another part of the lateral aberration diagram according to Example 12 of the present invention.

FIG. 49 is the remaining portion of the lateral aberration diagram for Example 12 of the present invention.

50 is a part of a lateral aberration diagram of Example 13 of the present invention. FIG.

FIG. 51 is another portion of the lateral aberration diagram of Example 13 of the present invention.

FIG. 52 is the remaining portion of the lateral aberration diagram for Example 13 of the present invention.

[Fig. 53] Fig. 53 is a diagram for explaining the image display device of the present invention viewed from above the observer.

FIG. 54 is a diagram for explaining an optical system of the image display device of the present invention.

FIG. 55 is a diagram for explaining the action of the decentering optical element in the image display device of the present invention.

FIG. 56 is a diagram of a state in which the image display device of the second invention of the present invention is attached to the right eye of an observer as observed from above the observer.

FIG. 57 is a sectional view and a perspective view of the head-mounted image display device according to the present invention.

FIG. 58 is a diagram showing an optical system of one conventional image display device.

FIG. 59 is a diagram showing an optical system of one conventional image display device.

FIG. 60 is a diagram showing an optical system of one conventional image display device.

FIG. 61 is a diagram showing an optical system of one conventional image display device.

FIG. 62 is a diagram showing an optical system of one conventional image display device.

FIG. 63 is a diagram showing an optical system of one conventional image display device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 ... Observer pupil position 1 '... Transmission side exit pupil 2 ... Observer visual axis 3 ... Eyepiece optical system 4 ... Decentered optical element 4a ... Decentered optical element surface (first surface) 4b ... Decentered Observer-side surface of optical element (second surface) 5, 5a, 5b ... Relay optical system 6, 6a, 6b ... Image display element 8 ... Observer's eye 12 ... Observer's nose 13 ... Observer's ear 20 ... Head-mounted image display device (HMD) 21 ... Headband 25 ... Liquid crystal shutter 26 ... Semi-transmissive mirror (half mirror) 30 ... Image plane J formed by eyepiece optical system J ... Upper ray S ... Lower ray K ... Image forming point G ... Pupil conjugate position JG ... Near image display element SG ... Eyepiece optical system side rather than relay optical system

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. An image display device comprising an image display element for displaying an image, a relay optical system for projecting a real image of the image in the air, and an eyepiece optical system for guiding the real image to an observer's eyeball. Between the system and the eyepiece optical system, at least one reflecting surface, and is inclined with respect to the observer's visual axis, or comprises a decentered optical element composed of at least two surfaces decentered, The image display device, wherein the eyepiece optical system is a reflecting mirror having a concave surface, and is inclined or decentered with respect to the observer's visual axis. 2. An image display device comprising an image display element for displaying an image, a relay optical system for projecting a real image of the image in the air, and an eyepiece optical system for guiding the real image to an observer's eyeball. Between the system and the eyepiece optical system, at least one reflecting surface, and is inclined with respect to the observer's visual axis, or comprises a decentered optical element composed of at least two surfaces decentered, The eyepiece optical system has at least two surfaces, and when the first surface and the second surface are viewed from the observer side, the first surface is a transmission surface,
The second surface is a reflecting surface or a semi-transmissive surface having a concave surface facing the viewer, and is inclined or eccentric with respect to the viewer's visual axis. 3. An image display device comprising an image display element for displaying an image, a relay optical system for projecting a real image of the image in the air, and an eyepiece optical system for guiding the real image to an observer's eyeball. Between the system and the eyepiece optical system, at least one semi-transmissive surface, and is inclined with respect to the observer's visual axis, or comprises a decentered optical element composed of at least two surfaces decentered, With respect to the at least semi-transmissive surface of the decentered optical element,
A first relay optical system and a second relay optical system are provided on the reflection side and the transmission side, respectively, and a first image display element and a second image are provided near the object plane of the first relay optical system and the second relay optical system, respectively. An image display device comprising a display element.