JPH06240675A - Excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To excavate an approximate rectangular hole without taking with inconvenience with a simple structure at a low cost without using a special driving source in the case excavation for construction of an underground cut-off wall, etc., is made. CONSTITUTION:In an excavator penetrated into the ground while synchronously rotating excavation shafts 6 arranged on both sides respectively, while crank plates 32 are provided to the excavation shafts 6 on both right and left outsides in a state eccentric thereto, side cutters 42 parallel with a row of excavation shafts are arranged in back and rear of the row of them. While rings 34 are provided to the crank plates 32 in a rotatable manner in opposition to them, arms 36 projected from the rings 34 are connected to both side cutters 42 in a turnable manner around pins 38, and cutter members 46 controlling longitudinal movement of the side cutters 42 are provided to the insides of both side cutters 42. Eccentric turning effort of the crank plates 32 attendant upon the rotation of the excavation shafts 6 is converted into horizontal reciprocation moving force of both side cutters 42.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention is used in a foundation construction machine such as a ground suspension water wall construction machine and a ground improvement machine, a boring machine, etc., in which a plurality of shafts are aligned and penetrate into the ground at the same time. The present invention relates to an excavating device for excavating the ground.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Generally, in order to ensure the water-stopping effect in the construction of a ground suspension water wall as described above,
It is required that the drilled holes formed by the penetration of each excavation shaft be continuous. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 5, the respective excavation shafts are arranged so that the drilled holes C overlap each other at their adjacent ends (part E in the drawing). However, when excavation is performed only by drilling holes due to such axial penetration, the final excavation shape has a shape in which the outer contour is composed of only arcs as shown in the figure, and therefore the following problems occur.

Since the wall thickness of the above-mentioned overlap portion E, that is, the portion having the smallest wall thickness is the designed wall thickness, there is much waste in excavation. When building a reinforcing material such as H steel into the drilling hole, even if the position is slightly shifted in the drilling row direction (horizontal direction in FIG. 5), it interferes with the arc-shaped wall surface, so the building work is difficult. Not easy. Also, in order to be constrained in the building position,
There is much waste of excavation. Since the finished wall surface has unevenness, when a flat wall surface is required, it is necessary to perform the work of cutting the convex portion again or the work of filling the concave portion after drilling, which requires a great deal of labor.

In order to eliminate such inconvenience, in recent years, a so-called rectangular excavation device has been developed for excavating a hole having a flat wall surface as shown by a chain double-dashed line D in FIG. 5 while using the excavation shaft. Is being promoted. Specifically, the following devices are known.

Apparatus A: A rectangular tubular blade is provided around a plurality of excavating shafts, and the tubular blades penetrate the ground integrally with the excavating shafts to form an outer portion of a drilling area by the excavating shafts. Excavating a rectangular shape with the above-mentioned tubular blade (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 58-80029).
Issue).

Apparatus B: A circular side cutter for excavating a rectangle is supported rotatably around a horizontal axis in front of and behind the excavation shaft, and the rotational force of the excavation shaft is transmitted to the side cutter via a gear mechanism and a chain. This side cutter is rotationally driven (Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 58-42512).

Device C: Sprockets are provided on the outer circumferences of two excavating shafts, a chain is hung between the sprockets, and an excavating blade is provided on the outer peripheral portion of the chains. Then, by running the chain in the horizontal direction with the rotation of the excavation shaft, the excavating blade on the outer peripheral portion excavates the rectangular hole (Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-47366).

[0008]

The above conventional device has the following problems to be solved.

Device A: The tubular blade is stationary with respect to the excavation shaft, and since this tubular blade only penetrates into the ground together with the excavation shaft (so-called spatula excavation), it is difficult to obtain sufficient excavation force. There is a possibility that good excavation may not be possible, especially when the ground is hard.

Devices B and C: Since the cutter for rectangular excavation is driven or rotationally driven in the horizontal direction with respect to the excavation axis, the excavation force is increased as compared with the device A, but a chain or a chain is used for power transmission. Since it is necessary to use a complicated structure such as a gear mechanism, and moreover, these must be penetrated into the ground together with the excavation shaft, failures are likely to occur and the cost is likely to increase. Particularly, in the device B, the rotation of the excavation shaft about the vertical axis has to be converted into the rotation of the side cutter about the horizontal axis. For this reason, a complicated mechanism such as a bevel gear is required. Therefore, the device B is used as a device covered with soil. Is not suitable for.
Further, the gear box tends to be large, and this gear box may hinder the flow of grout upward.

It is also conceivable to install a driving means for driving the rectangular excavator on the ground in place of each of the above devices and transmit the driving force to the rectangular excavator at the lower end of the excavation shaft via a chain or the like. In this case, a drive means for rectangular excavation must be newly prepared in addition to the excavation shaft drive device, which is uneconomical, and the transmission chain easily interferes with the stirring blade in the middle of the excavation shaft. There is an inconvenience that it is difficult to extend and penetrate the shaft.

In view of the above circumstances, the present invention provides an excavating device which does not use a special drive source and has a simple and inexpensive structure which can excavate a substantially rectangular hole without inconvenience. With the goal.

[0013]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention excavates the ground by holding a plurality of excavation shafts in a parallel and upright state and simultaneously driving the respective excavation shafts to penetrate them into the ground at the same time. In the excavating device, which is provided before and after the row of excavating shafts, side cutters that excavate linearly the region outside the drilled holes due to the penetration of each excavating shaft by reciprocating in the same direction as the arrangement direction of the excavating shafts, A rotary member provided on the outer periphery of at least one excavating shaft, having a shape in which the radius from the rotation center of the excavating shaft to the outer peripheral surface changes in the rotational circumferential direction, and connecting the rotary member and the side cutter, Drive transmitting means for transmitting the eccentric rotational movement of the rotating member to the side cutter, and a cutter guide member for restricting the movement of the side cutter in a direction orthogonal to both the arrangement direction of the excavation shaft and the axial direction of the excavation shaft. Those were e (claim 1).

More specifically, as the drive transmission means,
It is more preferable that the rotary member is externally fitted to the rotary member so as to be relatively rotatable, and that the side cutter is provided with a connecting member that is rotatably connected about an axis in the same direction as the axial direction of the excavating shaft (claim 2). .

Further, at least two excavating shafts are configured to be rotationally driven in synchronization with each other, and the excavating shafts are provided with rotating members of the same shape, and a common side cutter is connected to these rotating members. (Claim 3), the front and rear side cutters are connected to each other so that they cannot move relative to each other, and the movement of the side cutters in a direction orthogonal to both the arrangement direction of the excavation shaft and the axial direction of the excavation shaft is restricted only from the inside. Or a cutter guide member (claim 4),
A plurality of shaft connecting members interconnecting the respective excavating shafts in a state where these rotations are allowed are arranged in parallel in the excavating axial direction, and the rotating member is provided in a portion between the shaft connecting members (claim) By 5), more excellent effects as described later can be obtained.

[0016]

According to the above device, the excavation shaft is penetrated into the ground while rotating, so that the drilling hole is formed according to the shape of each penetration shaft. At the same time, the eccentric rotational force of the rotary member provided on the excavation shaft is transmitted to the side cutter via the drive transmission means, and the side cutter is moved in the front-rear direction (that is, both the shaft penetration direction and the penetration shaft arrangement direction). (Movement in a direction orthogonal to the) is restricted by the cutter guide member,
This side cutter penetrates together with the excavation shaft while reciprocating in the direction parallel to the axis arrangement direction, whereby the side cutter excavates the outer portion of the drilling region by each excavation shaft in a straight line, and substantially excavates it in the ground. A rectangular hole will be drilled.

More specifically, in the apparatus according to claim 2,
The side cutter, which is connected to the connecting member and whose forward and backward movement is restricted by the cutter guide member, is parallel to the excavating shaft arranging direction by the eccentric movement of the connecting member while rotating relative to the rotating member. You will be moving in a straight line.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, the side cutter is supported by the plurality of excavating shafts, and the eccentric rotation of each rotating member due to the synchronous rotation of each excavating shaft is transmitted to the side cutter to drive the side cutter. It

In the device according to the fourth aspect, since the front and rear side cutters cannot move relative to each other, the cutter guide member restricts the movements of both side cutters in both the front and rear directions even by restricting the movement of each side cutter only from the inside. You can

In the apparatus according to the fifth aspect, since the excavating shafts are interconnected by the shaft connecting members on both sides in the shaft penetrating direction of the portion where the side cutters are provided, the supporting rigidity of the side cutters is increased accordingly. To be

[0021]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

The excavator (excavator) shown in FIG.
A base machine 2 running above is provided, and a leader 10 is erected on the base machine 2, and a back portion (left side portion in FIG. 1) of the leader 10 is connected to another base machine 2 via an extendable rod 11. Is supported by the part.

An elevating frame 12 is movably supported on the reader 10 via a guide rail (not shown). A sheave support member 15 is provided on the upper end of the reader 10, and sheaves 13b and 13a are rotatably attached to the front end portion of the sheave support member 15 and the upper portion of the elevating frame 12, respectively. The wire 14 is hung. The end of this wire 14 is
It is wound around a drum of an elevator winch (not shown) mounted on the base machine 2, and the elevator frame 12 is driven to be elevated along the reader 10 by the operation of the elevator winch.

A plurality of (four in this embodiment) rotating shafts 18 are supported on the elevating frame 12 so as to be rotatable about their own axes in a line in the width direction (depth direction in FIG. 2). Has been done. An unillustrated excavating motor is connected to each rotary shaft 18, and a chuck 19 for detachably gripping the upper end of the excavating shaft 6 is provided at the lower end. While the excavation shaft 6 is held by the chucks 19, the excavation shaft 6 is rotationally driven integrally with the rotary shaft 18 by the operation of the excavation motor, and at the same time as the rotational drive, the elevating frame 12 is lowered. As a result, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the excavation shafts 6 are simultaneously penetrated into the ground 1 in a state of being aligned in a horizontal row.

Here, the excavation shafts 6 are rotationally driven in synchronism with the excavation shafts 6 adjacent to each other while reversing the direction of rotation.

As shown in FIG. 3, an auger 3 having a digging blade is provided at the lower end of each digging shaft 6, and a rotary blade 7 for digging and stirring is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the middle part of the digging shaft 6. 2) is provided so as to project, and the auger 3 and the rotor blade 7 form a hole C.
The respective excavation shafts 6 are arranged so that parts of (Fig. 1) overlap each other.

The intermediate portions of the respective excavating shafts 6 are connected in the arrangement direction by upper and lower intermediate bearings (shaft connecting members), and the intermediate bearings hold the respective excavating shafts 6 so that they can rotate independently of each other. ing. Of the above intermediate bearings, the second intermediate bearing 22 from the bottom and the lowest intermediate bearing 24 are shown in FIGS. As shown in the figure, each intermediate bearing 22, 24
Is a ring-shaped bearing portion 2 that holds each excavation shaft 6 from the outside.
6 and a connecting portion 28 that connects the bearing portions 26 to each other in the arrangement direction of the excavation shaft 6, and the excavation shaft 6 is rotatable with respect to each bearing portion 26.

Next, the substantially rectangular excavation device 30 provided in this device will be described.

As shown in FIG. 3, the left and right outer excavation shafts 6
In the above, a crank plate (rotating member) 32 is fixed around a portion located between the intermediate bearings 22 and 24. Each crank plate 32 is a circular plate having a circular planar shape as shown in FIGS. 1 (a) to 1 (c), but at the position where the center of the contour circle is eccentric by a predetermined amount from the center of rotation of the excavation shaft 6. It is fixed to the excavation shaft 6. A flange portion 33 having a larger diameter than the middle portion is formed at the upper and lower ends of the crank plate 32, and a ring (constituting a connecting member) 3 is provided between the flange portions 33.
4 is fitted. The ring 34 is fitted onto the intermediate portion of the crank plate 32 so as to be relatively rotatable, and a pair of upper and lower arms (constituting a connecting member) 36 are projected from the outer peripheral portion of the ring 34 to the radially outer side thereof. ing. Each arm 36 faces the center in the left-right direction, and a pair of front and rear side cutters 42 are connected to the end of each arm 36 via a vertical pin 38 and a cutter connecting member 40.

More specifically, the left and right cutter connecting members 40 extend in the front-rear direction (vertical direction in the figure) as shown in FIG.
The middle part thereof is sandwiched by the upper and lower arms 36, and in this state, the pins 38 vertically penetrate the both arm 36 and the cutter connecting member 40, so that the arm 38 and the cutter can pivot about the pins 38. The connecting member 40 is connected. The front and rear ends of the cutter connecting member 40 extend downward, and the left and right ends of the side cutter 42 are integrally connected to the lower end thereof.

These side cutters 42 extend in the left-right direction (that is, in the direction parallel to the arrangement direction of the excavation shafts 6),
It is supported on the front side and the rear side of the excavation shaft row, and a large number of cutter bits 44 for ground excavation are arranged side by side in the left-right direction at the lower end.

Inside the both cutter bits 44, a cutter guide member 46 is provided between the intermediate bearings 22 and 24. As shown in FIG. 4, the upper and lower end portions of each cutter guide member 46 are fixed to the front and rear side surfaces of the center two bearing portions 26 of the upper and lower intermediate bearings 22 and 24, respectively. By abutting the cutter 42 from the inside, the movement of each side cutter 42 toward the side approaching the excavation shaft 6 is restricted.

Next, the procedure of excavation by this excavator will be described.

First, the base machine 2 is run on the ground 1 and positioned at a desired penetration position. The upper ends of the respective excavation shafts 6 are held by the chucks 19 and all the excavation shafts 6 are erected in parallel. In this state, each excavating motor is operated to rotate and drive each excavating shaft 6 around its own axis, while operating an elevating winch (not shown) in the unwinding direction to elevate the frame 1.
By lowering the whole 2, the four excavation shafts 6 are simultaneously penetrated into the ground in a state where they are aligned in one direction. Due to this penetration, a plurality of drilled holes C having a diameter corresponding to the diameter of the auger 3 of each excavation shaft 6 and the diameter of the rotary blade 7 are formed in the ground 1 in a state where they are aligned in the left-right direction and partially overlap each other. .

At the time of this penetration, as the excavating shafts 6 are rotationally driven in synchronization with each other, the crank plates 32 fixed to the excavating shafts 6 on both the left and right outer sides are eccentrically rotated and are fitted onto the crank plates 32. The ring 34 is also eccentrically moved. However, the arm 36 connected to each ring 34 is connected to the front and rear side cutters 42 via the pin 38 and the cutter connecting member 40, and these side cutters 42 are each moved inward by the cutter guide member 46. Since the ring 34 is restricted by the crank plate 32, the ring 34 moves eccentrically with the crank plate 32 while rotating relative to the crank plate 32, and the front and rear side cutters 42 slide on the outer surface of the cutter guide member 46 in the left-right direction. And reciprocates linearly (see FIG. 1 (a) (b) (c) sequentially). That is, the crank plate 32, the ring 34, the arm 36, the pin 38, and the both side cutters 42 perform the same movement as that of the reciprocating slider crank mechanism.

The side cutter 42 is penetrated into the ground together with the excavation shaft 6 while the reciprocating motion is carried out, whereby the cutter bit 4 fixed to the side cutter 42 is cut.
4 shows the outer part of each circular hole C in a linear manner by sawing, and finally, FIG.
It is possible to excavate a substantially rectangular hole (accurately, the front and rear long sides are linear and the left and right short sides are arcuate) as indicated by the one-dot chain line D in (c).

Therefore, according to this device, the side cutter 42 can be linearly moved with a simple and inexpensive structure without preparing a drive source for excavating a substantially rectangular shape and without providing a complicated device such as a gear mechanism or a chain. Let this side cutter 42
Thus, the outer portion of the excavation region of the excavation shaft 6 can be excavated in a good straight line with a sufficient excavation force. Further, the entire substantially rectangular excavating device 30 becomes compact, and there is no possibility that the substantially rectangular excavating device 30 hinders the upward flow of the grout. Further, the apparatus of this embodiment can also obtain the following effects.

(A) Since each side cutter 42 is connected to a plurality of (two in the illustrated example) excavating shafts 6 rotating in synchronization with each other, only one excavating shaft 6 has each side cutter 42.
More stable excavation can be performed as compared with the case of connecting.

(B) Since the front and rear side cutters 42 are connected to each other by the cutter connecting member 40 so that they cannot move relative to each other, the front and rear movements of the side cutters 42 are controlled by the cutter guide member 46.
Even if it is restricted only from the inside with, both side cutters 42
It is possible to restrict movement in both front and rear directions, and the structure is further simplified.

(C) The crank plate 32, which is a connecting portion between the side cutter 42 and the excavation shaft 6, is attached to the upper and lower intermediate bearings 22, 24.
Since the excavation shafts 6 are interconnected by the intermediate bearings 22 and 24 above and below the crank plate 32, in other words, the supporting rigidity of the side cutter 42 by the excavation shaft 6 can be further increased. More stable and substantially rectangular excavation can be performed.

The present invention is not limited to such an embodiment, and the following modes can be adopted as an example.

(1) In the present invention, irrespective of the specific shape of the rotary member, in addition to the circular crank plate 32 as shown in the above embodiment, the rotary member has an oval shape, an oval shape or the like. However, the effect similar to the above can be obtained by eccentrically rotating the connecting member while rotating relatively around it, that is, performing the same movement as the connecting rod in the reciprocating slider crank mechanism.

(2) In the present invention, the excavation shaft provided with the rotating member may be arbitrarily selected. However, as in the above-mentioned embodiment, the rotating member (the crank plate 3
If 2) is provided, the side cutter 4 is extremely stable.
2 can be supported.

(3) The present invention can be widely applied to the case where a plurality of excavating shafts are simultaneously penetrated regardless of the number of the excavating shafts which are simultaneously penetrated.

(4) In the present invention, regardless of the number of excavating shafts to which one side cutter is connected, the side cutter may be connected to only one excavating shaft, or to three or more excavating shafts. You may connect one side cutter.

(5) In the present invention, the excavation shafts do not necessarily have to rotate synchronously. However, if they are rotated synchronously, one side cutter can be connected to a plurality of excavation shafts as in the above-described embodiment, and reciprocating drive can be performed without any inconvenience.

(6) In the present invention, a plurality of side cutters may be arranged side by side in the arrangement direction of the excavation shafts.

(7) The present invention can be widely applied to a device for excavating the ground by simultaneously penetrating a plurality of shafts in a parallel state, and its effect in various fields such as a ground improvement device and a boring device. Can be demonstrated.

[0049]

As described above, according to the present invention, the excavating shaft is provided with the rotating member, the rotating member is connected to the front and rear side cutters through the drive transmission means, and the movement in the front and rear direction is the cutter guide member. Since the side cutter is reciprocally moved in the axial arrangement direction by utilizing the eccentric rotary motion of the rotary member, it is simple and inexpensive without using a gear mechanism, etc. without using a special drive source. With a simple structure,
The outer portion of the excavation area due to the penetration of each excavation shaft can be excavated in a straight line with a sufficient excavation force, which has the effect of favorably excavating the substantially rectangular hole.

More specifically, in the apparatus according to claim 2,
There is an effect that the excavation can be performed with a simple structure in which one end of the connecting member is fitted onto the rotating member so as to be relatively rotatable and the other end is rotatably connected to the side cutter.

Further, in the apparatus according to the third aspect, at least two excavating shafts are synchronously rotated, the excavating shafts are provided with rotating members having the same shape, and a common side cutter is connected to these rotating members. Since the side cutter is supported by the plurality of excavation shafts, the supporting rigidity of the side cutter can be increased, and more stable excavation can be performed.

In the apparatus according to the fourth aspect, the front and rear side cutters are connected so that they cannot move relative to each other,
Since the movement of the side cutters can be regulated in both the front and rear directions only by restricting the movement of the side cutters only from the inside by the cutter guide member, there is an effect that the entire apparatus can be made simpler and more compact.

Further, in the apparatus according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, the shaft connecting members for interconnecting the respective excavating shafts in a state permitting their rotation are arranged in parallel in the excavating axis direction, and the shaft connecting members are connected to each other in the excavating shaft. Since the rotating member is provided in the portion between the two, the supporting rigidity of the side cutter by the excavation shaft can be increased by the upper and lower shaft connecting members, and there is an effect that more stable excavation can be performed.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 (a), (b), and (c) are cross-sectional plan views showing an operation process of a side cutter in an excavator according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the excavator.

FIG. 3 is a partially sectional front view showing a main part of the excavation device.

4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of FIG.

FIG. 5 is a sectional plan view showing an excavation shape of the ground by a conventional excavation device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Ground 6 Excavation shaft 12 Lifting frame 22, 24 Intermediate bearing (shaft connecting member) 30 Substantially rectangular excavator 32 Crank plate (rotating member) 34 Ring (constituting connecting member) 36 Arm (constituting connecting member) 38 Pin (shaft) Rotation axis in the penetration direction) 42 Side cutter 46 Cutter guide member

Claims (5)

[Claims] 1. An excavating device for excavating the ground by holding a plurality of excavating shafts in a parallel and upright state and simultaneously driving each excavating shaft into the ground while simultaneously excavating the ground. Side cutters that are provided in front of and behind each other to reciprocate in the same direction as the arrangement direction of the excavation shafts to linearly excavate the area outside the drilled holes due to the penetration of each excavation shaft, and the outer periphery of at least one excavation shaft. A rotary member having a shape in which the radius from the center of rotation of the excavation shaft to the outer peripheral surface changes in the circumferential direction of rotation, and the rotary member and the side cutter are connected to each other, and the eccentric rotary motion of the rotary member is described above. Excavation, characterized by comprising drive transmission means for transmitting to the side cutter, and a cutter guide member for restricting movement of the side cutter in a direction orthogonal to both the arrangement direction of the excavation shaft and the axial direction of the excavation shaft. apparatus. 2. The excavation device according to claim 1, wherein the drive transmission means is externally fitted to the rotary member so as to be relatively rotatable, and is rotated around the axis of the excavation shaft in the side cutter. An excavation device comprising a connecting member that is movably connected. 3. The excavating device according to claim 1, wherein at least two excavating shafts are configured to be rotationally driven in synchronization with each other, and the excavating shafts are provided with rotating members having the same shape. An excavating device, characterized in that a common side cutter is connected to the rotating member. 4. The excavating device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein front and rear side cutters are connected to each other such that they cannot move relative to each other, and are orthogonal to both the arrangement direction of the excavation shafts and the axial direction of the excavation shafts. An excavator characterized in that a cutter guide member is configured so as to restrict the movement of the side cutter in only one direction from inside. 5. The excavating device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a plurality of shaft connecting members that interconnect the respective excavating shafts in a state permitting their rotation are arranged in parallel in the excavating axial direction. The excavating device is characterized in that the rotating member is provided between the shaft connecting members.