JPH05272026A - Water-absorbing woven and knitted fabric - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain a woven and knitted fabric having excellent water absorbability without causing whitening even by friction. CONSTITUTION:This fabric is a woven and knitted fabric structured by using two or more kinds of yarns and contains a hollow yarn having substantially C-shaped cross section in the ratio of 5-76% and hollow ratio of this hollow yarn is 20-50%. This hollow yarn is twisted and woven and knitted so that only back face (inner face) of woven and knitted fabric may appear on the surface. On the other hand, a yarn having good appearance and not lowering functionality of the knitted fabric can widely be used as a yarn which appears on the surface of this woven and knitted fabric, e.g. a blended yarn having mutually different shrinkage or natural fiber yarn (e.g. cotton yarn) is suitable as the yarn. Furthermore, this hollow yarn is formed by spinning a core-sheath type conjugate yarn whose core part occupies 20-50%, woven together with different kinds of yarns and removed at least part of the core part. Since this woven and knitted fabric is excellent in gross feeling, sweat absorbing property, lightweight feeling and heat insulating property, the fabric is most suitable raw material for sport wear such as training wear or ski wear.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a woven / knitted fabric having excellent water absorption, and particularly to a woven / knitted fabric suitable for sportswear.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Various studies have been conducted so far on synthetic fibers having high water absorption, and recently, fibers having excellent water absorption and having hollow portions formed therein (hollow fibers). Has been proposed. For example, JP-A-5
In JP-A-82525, at least a part of the second component of a composite fiber composed of a fiber-forming component (first component) and a dissolution or decomposition removal component (second component) is treated with an alkali or the like. It is disclosed that a hollow portion is formed inside the fiber by removing the hollow fiber and the hollow fiber is opened so that the hollow portion is connected to the outside through a gap. Since such a hollow fiber has a structure that allows water to be absorbed into the inside of the yarn through the gap between the open portions of the hollow part, it exhibits excellent water absorption and good water retention. .. Further, the above publication also shows that a circular knitted fabric having excellent water absorption can be produced by using such a hollow fiber.

However, in the case of a woven or knitted fabric produced using such hollow fibers, the hollow fibers are easily fibrillated due to the structure in which the hollow fibers are exposed on both sides of the woven or knitted fabric, and the hollow fibers are rubbed. In this case, there is a problem that both ends (opening ends) of the gap come into contact with each other and are easily whitened to generate powder. Moreover, when the position of the open end is displaced and a tear is visible, warp lines and weft lines are generated on the surface of the knitted fabric. Therefore, when such a woven or knitted product is used for sportswear or the like, the appearance is significantly deteriorated.

Also, in this composite fiber, as the second component,
The one using a copolymer of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), for example, a copolymer of 18% by weight of PEG, has poor heat resistance. There is a problem that white powder is generated in the twisting heater, and yarn breakage and fluffing are likely to occur, which deteriorates operability. In the case of a woven or knitted fabric produced from such a composite fiber, it lacks luster and does not have a dark color, so that it does not have sensitivity. Further, although the hollow portion formed inside the fiber has a large outer diameter in the cross section of the fiber, there is also a problem that the cross-sectional area is reduced by the amount of the hollow portion, which reduces the strength per denier.

On the other hand, the inventors of the present invention have filed Japanese Patent Application No. 3-8151.
In No. 6, a core made of a hollow fiber having a through groove,
We proposed a two-layer structured yarn consisting of a sheath made of ultrafine fibers of 0.8 denier or less, and having a ratio of the length of the sheath yarn to the core yarn in a certain range. It was reported that a woven or knitted fabric having a texture and water absorbency was obtained. However, in this two-layer structure yarn, in order to concentrate the sheath yarn in the outer layer and provide bulkiness, it is necessary to make a combination in which the yarn length of the sheath yarn and the yarn length of the core yarn have a constant ratio. Yes,
If the ratio of the two does not satisfy a certain range, a woven or knitted fabric having a good tactile feel cannot be obtained, or a problem such as a yarn deviation occurs during knitting. Also, a woven or knitted fabric using this two-layer structure yarn has the same problems as whitening due to friction, warp lines and weft lines as in the case of the above-mentioned bicomponent composite fiber. The decline could not be resolved.

As described above, in all the conventional woven and knitted fabrics, since hollow fibers having hollow portions also appear on the surface side, whitening due to friction easily occurs, and streaks occur on the surface of the woven and knitted fabric. It was difficult to obtain a product having good sensitivity.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to solve the above problems in the prior art and to provide a woven or knitted fabric having excellent water absorption without causing whitening due to friction.

[0008]

The water absorbent woven or knitted fabric of the present invention is a woven or knitted fabric constructed by using two or more kinds of yarns, and has a substantially C-shaped cross section. 5 to
It is contained in a ratio of 76%, and the hollow ratio of the hollow fiber is 20 to 50.
%, That the hollow fibers are false twisted, and that the hollow fibers are woven and knitted so as to appear only on the back surface of the woven or knitted fabric. Further, the woven or knitted fabric includes at least one yarn of different shrinkage mixed fiber and natural fiber yarn, and the yarn is exposed on the surface of the woven or knitted fabric.

That is, the water-absorbent woven or knitted fabric of the present invention is a hollow fiber A composed of two or more kinds of yarns, one of which is knitted so as to appear only on the back surface. The hollow fiber A has a structure in which it does not appear on the surface of the woven or knitted material. Then, on the surface side where the hollow fibers A are not exposed, another type of yarn, for example, a yarn B is exposed. In the woven or knitted fabric of the present invention, the most common one is hollow fiber A and yarn B.
Although it is composed of three or more types, it may be structured by using three or more types of yarns. In this case, the yarns other than the hollow fibers A and the yarns B are between the hollow fibers A and the yarns B. It is woven and knit so as to be sandwiched between. In the present invention, the structure when performing woven or knitting using these yarns is not particularly limited, but a circular knitted fabric is preferable.

In the woven or knitted fabric of the present invention, the hollow fiber A exposed only on the back side has a hollow portion inside the filaments constituting the hollow fiber A, and is illustrated in FIG. As described above, it has a substantially C-shaped cross-sectional shape and is open in one direction. At this time, the hollow part 1 may be formed at a concentric position or an eccentric position, and the cross-sectional shape of the hollow part 1 may be circular or non-circular. The number of hollow portions 1 may be one or plural.

The excellent water absorption and water retention properties of the woven or knitted fabric of the present invention are obtained by the hollow portion 1 of the hollow fiber A, and water enters the inside from the surface of the hollow fiber A through the gap between the open ends, It is held in the hollow portion 1. Further, in the present invention, the hollow portion 1
Since the structure has an opening, it is possible to discharge the retained water to the outside or evaporate it. The water absorption capacity of the hollow fiber A is proportional to the size of the hollow portion 1, that is, the hollow ratio, and the water absorption or water discharge rate is proportional to the gap between the open ends of the hollow portion 1. The hollow ratio of the hollow fiber A in the water absorbent woven or knitted fabric of the present invention is adjusted to 20 to 50%. This is because when the hollow rate decreases, the water absorption decreases, and conversely, when the hollow rate increases, the fiber forming property (strength) decreases. In the water absorbent woven or knitted fabric of the present invention, by using the hollow fiber A in which such a hollow portion 1 is formed, the woven or knitted fabric itself becomes lightweight and has excellent heat retention. Therefore, the woven / knitted fabric of the present invention is particularly suitable as a knitted fabric for sports.

The absorption of water into the hollow portion 1 of the hollow fiber A becomes easier as the gap between the open ends of the hollow portion 1 becomes larger. It is not preferable because the water retaining ability is reduced because the inside and the outside are not distinguished. On the contrary, if the gap between the open ends of the hollow portion 1 is too small, the water passing speed becomes low, which may cause a problem in water absorption. Therefore, the gap at the open end of the hollow portion 1 is preferably smaller than the diameter of the hollow portion 1 at the center of the hollow fiber A (the diameter of a circle having the same area in the case of a non-circular cross section), and generally It is preferably 0.5 μm or more.

In the water absorbent woven or knitted fabric of the present invention, the hollow fibers A are contained in a proportion of 5 to 76% of the whole. This is because when the proportion of the hollow fibers A decreases, the water absorption decreases and the woven or knitted fabric becomes heavier. On the contrary, when the proportion of the hollow fibers A increases, the water absorption improves and the woven or knitted fabric becomes lighter. This is because the functionality is improved, but whitening due to friction is likely to occur.

Further, in the present invention, the hollow fiber A is false twisted, and the false twist number is generally (24000 to 36).
000) / √d (t / M) or so, preferably, the false twisting condition is appropriately selected within the range of ((27000-31000) / √d. However, in the above formula, d represents denier. By performing such false twisting processing, the hollow fiber 1 is given a swelling feeling, and at the same time, an effect of improving water absorption and heat retention is provided.
The hollow fiber A in the woven or knitted fabric of the present invention is woven or knitted so as to appear only on the back surface of the woven or knitted fabric, and when various products are manufactured using such a woven or knitted fabric, the hollow fiber A appears. Use it with the exposed back surface facing the inner surface of the product. Therefore, since the hollow fibers A do not appear on the surface (outer surface) of the product, whitening due to friction does not occur and appearance deterioration due to the appearance of streaks does not occur.

In contrast to the hollow fibers A described above, the yarn B appearing on the surface (outer surface) of the water-absorbent woven or knitted fabric of the present invention should have a good appearance and should not deteriorate the functionality of the knitted fabric. Although not particularly limited, examples of particularly preferable yarn B include a mixed fiber yarn (different shrinkage mixed fiber yarn) made of filaments having different shrinkability and a natural fiber yarn.
When the different shrinkage mixed yarn is used, general ones that have been used so far can be widely used, and one of the two unstretched polyester yarns is drawn by heating and the other is drawn by cold drawing. , Aligned and air mixed fibers can be used. Although various types of natural fiber yarns can be used, cotton yarn is generally used.

Next, a method for producing a hollow fiber A composed of a filament having a hollow portion 1 as shown in FIG. 1 will be described. A hollow fiber A composed of a filament having a cross-sectional structure shown in FIG. 1 is manufactured from a core-sheath type composite yarn A ′ composed of a filament having a cross-sectional structure as shown in FIG. This core-sheath type composite yarn A'is a conjugate yarn composed of a sheath portion 2 made of a fiber-forming component and a core portion 3 made of a dissolved or decomposed and removed component. Therefore, when the core-sheath type composite yarn A ′ having the sheath portion 2 and the core portion 3 is melt-spun and at least a part of the core portion 2 is dissolved or decomposed and removed, a filament having a cross-sectional structure as shown in FIG. A hollow fiber A composed of is obtained, and the hollow ratio of the hollow fiber A and the gap between the open ends of the hollow portion 1 are arbitrarily adjusted when the core-sheath composite yarn A ′ is spun.

When producing the water absorbent woven or knitted fabric of the present invention,
Core-sheath type composite yarn A ′ in which the proportion of the core portion 3 is 20 to 50%
Is preferably used in an amount of 10 to 80%, more preferably 30 to 80%. In the water absorbent woven or knitted fabric obtained by completely removing the core portion 3 when the core-sheath type composite yarn A ′ having the proportion of the core portion 3 of 20 to 50% is used in the proportion of 10 to 80%. The hollow fiber A accounts for about 5 to 76%. The cross-sectional shape of the core-sheath type composite yarn A ′ is not particularly limited, and various shapes can be used, and it may be circular or non-circular.

In the case of producing the water-absorbent woven or knitted fabric of the present invention, after the core-sheath type composite yarn A ′ is false twisted, different types of yarns (such as different shrinkage mixed fiber yarns and natural fiber yarns described above) are used. ), The core-sheath composite yarn A ′ is woven and knitted so as to appear only on the back surface of the woven and knitted fabric, and then at least a part of the core portion 3 is removed to form the hollow fiber A. The hollow portion 1 of the hollow fiber A is not destroyed in the weaving process. Therefore, the woven or knitted fabric of the present invention solves the problem that the hollow part is broken when heat set after false twisting when the conventional hollow fiber is used.

Next, the materials of the sheath portion 2 and the core portion 3 constituting the core-sheath type composite yarn A '(conjugate yarn) used in the production of the water absorbent woven or knitted fabric of the present invention will be explained. The polymer that can be used to form the sheath portion 2 of the core-sheath type composite yarn A ′ is not particularly limited as long as it has fiber-forming properties, and examples thereof include polyolefin-based, polyvinyl-based, and poly-based. Many polymers such as acrylonitrile-based, polyamide-based, polyester-based, polyether-based, polycarbonate-based, polyurea-based, and polyurethane-based can be used.

On the other hand, the spinning material that can be used for the core portion 3 of the core-sheath type composite yarn A ′ should be capable of composite spinning and convenient for the subsequent dissolution or decomposition removal process. It is sufficient, and there is no particular limitation. Generally, as a spinning material convenient for the removal process, a water-soluble polymer,
Examples thereof include polymers that can be decomposed and dissolved in an alkaline aqueous solution, polymers that can be dissolved in an acid, and polymers that can be dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent, and those that can be dissolved or decomposed in water or an alkaline aqueous solution are particularly preferable.

Among them, the preferred spinning material for the core portion 3 is a polymer which can be decomposed / dissolved in an alkaline aqueous solution (alkali-soluble polymer), and for example, fiber-forming properties such as polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethyleneoxybenzoate and the like. Examples thereof include polyester and copolymers and modified products thereof. Particularly, a polyester obtained by copolymerizing the above polyester with about 1 to 60% by weight, preferably 2 to 30% by weight, most preferably 5 to 20% by weight, or a mixture thereof, or 5-sulfoisophthalate. Copolymers of 3 to 10% by weight of sodium acid salt are preferable because they are easily decomposed by an aqueous alkaline solution. Similarly, a mixture of an aromatic polyester and an aliphatic polyester having a low melting point (200 ° C. or lower) in an amount of about 5 to 50% by weight is also very suitable as a spinning material forming the core portion 3.

A particularly preferred core-sheath type composite yarn A'in the production of the water-absorbent woven or knitted fabric of the present invention is a copolymerized polyethylene terephthalate containing polyethylene glycol and 5-sulfoisophthalic acid sodium salt as a spinning material constituting the core portion 3. (CoPET) is used, and polyester (PET) is used as a polymer forming the sheath portion 2. In this case, the difference in dissolution rate between the PET of the sheath portion 2 and the CoPET of the core portion 3 must be at least 20 times or more. If the difference between the two is small, the time required for dissolving CoPET Becomes longer and the yarn exposed on the surface side is easily scratched. Incidentally, the PET of the sheath portion 2
Similarly, the CoPET of the core portion 3 also needs to have heat resistance because it passes through the heater of the false twisting machine, but CoPET composed of the above-mentioned components is particularly suitable because it has excellent heat resistance.

As described above, the water-absorbent woven or knitted fabric of the present invention is structured by using two or more kinds of yarns, and may be a woven fabric or a knitted fabric, and is excellent in water absorption and water retention. Since the hollow fibers A are contained at a constant ratio and the hollow fibers A are used on the back surface (inner surface) of the woven or knitted fabric, fibrillation is prevented and sensitivity is imparted. Therefore, the woven or knitted fabric of the present invention is widely used as clothing such as underwear, shirts, sportswear, socks, sanitary items such as hotai, gauze, and diapers, and household items such as clothes, towels, sheets, and futons. can do. The present invention is described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0024]

【Example】

Example 1 8% polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 4000,
Copolymerized polyethylene terephthalate (C obtained by copolymerizing 4.3 mol% sodium 5-sulfoisophthalate
oPET) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), using the above-mentioned CoPET as a core part, the above-mentioned PET
With the sheath portion as the bonding ratio, CoPET: PET = 1:
Melt-spinning was performed in such a manner that the number of fibers was 2, and the mixture was drawn 3.7 times to obtain a composite yarn (1) of 75 denier / 24 filament. The filaments that make up this composite thread (1) are
The gap at the open end of the hollow portion formed by dissolving and removing CoPET in the core portion was 1.8 μm.

Then, using the above-mentioned composite yarn (1), false twisting was carried out by the ST-6 false twisting machine manufactured by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. to produce a composite textured yarn (1 '). The false twist condition is 340 false twists.
0t / M, heater temperature 215 ° C, yarn speed 100M / min
And On the other hand, as a comparative example, a drawn yarn of regular polyester round cross-section yarn 75 denier / 24 filament was spun, and the drawn yarn was false twisted under the above false twisting condition to produce a normal finished yarn (2 ′). Furthermore, when a regular polyester round cross-section yarn is spun and drawn by a twisting and twisting machine, two yarns are aligned and one is brought into contact with the plate heater, the other is passed without coming into contact with the plate heater, and wound. A different shrinkage mixed yarn (3) was manufactured by combining the yarns at the time of taking.

Next, the above-mentioned composite yarn (1) and composite processed yarn
(1 '), the ordinary processed yarn (2') and the different shrinkage mixed yarn (3) are knitted by using the yarn as shown in Table 1 with the structure (28G Eight lock picke) shown in FIG. Experiment No. The knitted fabrics 1 to 3 were manufactured, and then dyed. In addition, the experiment No. 1
The knitted fabrics of Nos. 2 and 2 were subjected to alkali treatment after knitting to remove CoPET of the core portion. The characteristics of the knitted fabric (circular knitted fabric) thus obtained are shown in Table 1 below. In this Table 1, the amount of heat transmission is a value when measured using Thermolabo II type manufactured by Kato Tech. , Burst strength is JI
It was measured according to the SL1018A method (Mullen method). In addition, the Bayrek pumping was measured on the knitted fabric after washing 10 times.

[0027]

[Table 1]

In Table 1 above, No. The thicknesses of the knitted fabrics of 1 to 3 are almost constant, but the areal weight and the apparent density are larger as the total ratio of the used composite yarn (1) and the composite processed yarn (1 ') is larger (obtained by alkali treatment. It became smaller as the proportion of the hollow fibers became larger), resulting in a lightweight feeling. Similarly, the heat retaining property and the water absorbing property were improved as the ratio of the hollow fiber was increased. From the results in Table 1,
No composite yarn (1) or composite processed yarn (1 ') is used at all (no hollow fibers included). It can be seen that the knitted fabric of No. 3 is inferior in functionality, and a knitted fabric containing more hollow fibers exhibits superior functionality.

On the contrary, with regard to the resistance to abrasion, when hollow fibers are present on the surface, the fibers are easily fibrillated, and whitening due to abrasion is remarkable (No. 1).
See experimental results). It was also found that the coloring property when dyed in a dark color was lower in a knitted fabric containing a large amount of hollow fibers, and only a light colored product was obtained, and the sensitivity was inferior.

No. Compared to the knitted fabrics of Nos. 1 and 3, No. The knitted fabric of No. 2 (the product of the present invention) has excellent functions such as lightweightness, heat retention and water absorption as a shirt for sports competition, and is expanded by the different shrinkage mixed yarn (3) used on the surface side. It also had a feeling of glare and a feeling of color development. The burst strength is No. The knitted fabric of 1 is 6.1 kg / cm
No. ² The knitted fabric of No. ² had 10.1 kg / cm ² , and both had no problem.

Example 2 The composite processed yarn (1 ') described in Example 1, the normal processed yarn (2') and the cotton yarn of 40s were used with the yarns shown in Table 2 and with the structure shown in FIG. Knitting was carried out to produce knitted fabrics (Experiment Nos. 4 and 5), which were dyed. In addition, the experiment No. For the knitted fabric of No. 4, alkali treatment was performed after knitting, and the CoP of the core was
ET was removed. The properties of the knitted fabric (circular knitted fabric) thus obtained are shown in Table 2 below.

[0032]

[Table 2]

From the results shown in Table 2 above, No. In the case of the knitted fabric of No. 5, the functionality is poor, but if the ratio of the composite textured yarn (1 ') used for weaving is increased (the ratio of the hollow fiber is increased), the functionality of lightness, heat retention and water absorption is obtained. Was found to be improved. In particular, No. In the knitted fabric of No. 4 (product of the present invention), the composite processed yarn before alkali treatment
Although the mixing ratio of (1 ′) was increased to 46%, whitening did not occur because cotton was exposed on the surface, and the tactile sensation was good with cotton touch.

The burst strength tends to decrease as the proportion of the hollow fibers increases, but the experiment No. In the case of the knitted fabric of No. 4 (the product of the present invention), the knitted fabric has a burst strength of 3.8 kg / cm ² , and is 3.0 kg / which is the physical property limit of a general thin knit.
It was more than cm ² , and there was no problem in practical use. No. When the knitted fabric of No. 4 was used for training wear and ski wear, it was found to be an optimal and excellent material.

[0035]

Since the water absorbent woven or knitted fabric of the present invention has an excellent water absorbency, it can be widely used in applications intended for water absorption, such as sportswear, hygiene products and household products. In particular, the woven or knitted fabric of the present invention is a material suitable for training wear, ski wear, etc., because it satisfies the conditions necessary for sportswear, such as gloss, sweat absorption, lightness, and heat retention. is there.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a cross-sectional structure of a filament constituting a hollow fiber A contained in a water absorbent woven or knitted fabric of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a view showing a cross-sectional structure of filaments constituting the core-sheath type composite yarn A ′ used for forming the filament shown in FIG.

[Fig. 3] Experiment No. It is a figure which shows the structure | tissue used when manufacturing the knitted fabrics of 1-3.

4] Experiment No. It is a figure which shows the structure | tissue used when manufacturing the knitted goods of 4 and 5.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1 Hollow part 2 Sheath part 3 Core part

─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁵ Identification code Office reference number FI technical display location D04B 1/16

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A woven or knitted fabric constructed by using two or more kinds of yarns, wherein hollow fibers having a substantially C-shaped cross-sectional shape are 5 to 76.
%, The hollow ratio of the hollow fiber is 20 to 50%, the hollow fiber is false twisted, and the hollow fiber is exposed only on the back surface of the woven or knitted fabric. A water-absorbent woven or knitted fabric characterized by being woven. 2. The woven or knitted fabric contains at least one of a different shrinkage mixed yarn and a natural fiber yarn, and the yarn is exposed on the surface of the woven and knitted fabric.
The water-absorbent woven or knitted fabric described.