JPH04149452A - Developer and image forming method - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To prevent occurrence of a fading phenomenon by incorporating a metal complex compound of aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid having a lipophilic group and a metal complex salt type monoazo dye having a hydrophilic group in the developer. CONSTITUTION:A developing device provided with a developer carrier 2 for carrying and feeding the developer 5, which has a resin layer containing conductive fine grains or solid lubricant on its surface and whose depth Cv of cutting is Cv<5mum when relative load length tp=5% in the relative load curve (Abbot's load curve) of the surface, is used. In such a case, the developer 5 is incorporated with the metal complex compound of the aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid having the lipophilic group and the metallic complex salt type monoazo dye having the hydrophilic group. Thus, the fading phenomenon is prevented from occurring even under high temperature and high humidity environmental, and a uniform image is expressed.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention is a method for forming a latent image on an image bearing member such as an electrophotographic photoreceptor or an electrostatic recording dielectric material, and for making the latent image visible. The present invention relates to a developer applied to a developing device or an image forming method using the developer.

[Prior Art] Conventionally, for example, a developing device that visualizes a latent image formed on the surface of a photosensitive drum as an electrostatic latent image carrier using magnetic toner as a one-component developer has been developed by The electrostatic image charge and the development reference potential formed on the photosensitive drum due to friction and the friction between the sleeve as a developer carrier and the magnetic toner particles are applied with a charge of opposite polarity to the magnetic toner particles. The toner is coated very thinly on the sleeve and conveyed to the developing area formed by the photosensitive drum and the sleeve. In the developing area, the magnetic field from the magnet fixed inside the sleeve causes the magnetic toner to fly and absorb the electrostatic latent on the photosensitive drum. There are known devices that visualize images.

However, in the conventional example described above, there is a problem in that when the same image pattern is repeatedly printed, vertical portions with low density occur. FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of the image.

This is a phenomenon in which characters become thinner in character images, and the density in halftone or solid black images becomes lower.This phenomenon is hereinafter referred to as fading.

Further, the above-mentioned fading phenomenon is particularly noticeable in high-temperature environments where the charge of the developer tends to decrease, and a solution to this problem has been awaited.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention] An object of the present invention is to provide a developer that solves the above-mentioned drawbacks or an image forming method using the same.

That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a developer capable of preventing the so-called fading phenomenon and displaying a uniform image, or an image forming method using the developer.

In particular, an object of the present invention is to provide a developer capable of preventing the occurrence of fading in a high-temperature environment and displaying a uniform image, or an image forming method using the developer.

[Means for Solving the Problems] That is, an object of the present invention is to have a resin layer containing at least conductive fine particles or a solid lubricant on its surface, and to have a resin layer containing at least conductive fine particles or a solid lubricant, and to A developer applied to an image forming method using a developing device having a developer carrier for supporting and transporting the developer, in which the cutting depth CV when the load length tP=5% is CV≦5 μm. and the developer is a metal complex compound (A) of an aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid having a lipophilic group.
This is achieved by a developer and an image forming method characterized by containing a metal complex salt type monoazo dye (B) having a hydrophilic group.

Hereinafter, a developing device used in the present invention will be explained based on the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an example applied to a developing device used in the present invention.

1 in the figure is a photosensitive drum as an electrostatic latent image carrier that carries an electrostatic latent image and rotates in the direction of arrow A. Either one with or without an insulating layer on the surface can be used. Of course, the shape is not limited to a drum shape, but also a sheet shape or a belt shape.

Reference numeral 2 denotes a sleeve as a developer carrier that carries toner 5 on its surface and rotates in the direction of arrow B. A multipolar permanent magnet 3 is fixed inside the sleeve 2 so as not to rotate. Further, on the surface of the sleeve 2, a coating layer 10 containing conductive fine particles, which will be described later, is formed to a thickness of approximately 0.5 μm to 30 μm. Reference numeral 4 denotes a developer storage chamber that stores the toner 5 and brings the toner 5 into contact with the surface of the sleeve 2 . Reference numeral 6 denotes a doctor blade as a member that regulates the layer of toner 5 on the surface of the sleeve 2 carried in the developer storage chamber 4 to a predetermined thickness, and the gap between the surface of the sleeve 2 and the doctor blade 6 is about 50 μm. ~500 μm.

The developing device configured as described above starts and the sleeve 2
When the toner rotates in the direction of arrow B, the electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive drum 1 is opposite to the reference potential for development due to the contact friction between the toner 5 and the surface of the sleeve 2 in the developer storage chamber 4. A polar charge is given to the toner 5 and applied to the surface of the sleeve 2. The toner layer applied to the sleeve surface is further coated into a uniform and thin layer (layer thickness is approximately 30 μm) by a doctor blade 6 disposed opposite to one magnetic pole (S pole in the figure) of the multipolar permanent magnet 3. ~300μm)
The photosensitive drum 1 and the sleeve 2 form a developing area.

Furthermore, by applying an AC bias between the sleeve 2 and the surface of the photosensitive drum 1 in the development area, the toner 5 on the sleeve 2 may be caused to fly toward the photosensitive drum.

Here, the coating layer 10 formed on the sleeve surface will be explained.

The coating 10 used is one in which the coating layer-forming polymer material contains conductive fine particles.

As the conductive fine particles, carbon fine particles, carbon fine particles and crystalline graphite, or crystalline graphite are preferable.

Crystalline graphite used in this defense can be roughly divided into natural graphite and artificial graphite. Artificial graphite is produced by solidifying pitch coke with tar pitch, etc., firing it once at about 1200℃, putting it into a graphitization furnace, and treating it at a high temperature of about 2300℃, which causes carbon crystals to grow and turn into graphite. . Natural graphite is produced from underground after being completely graphitized by natural geothermal heat and high underground pressure over a long period of time. These graphites have various excellent properties and have a wide range of industrial uses. Graphite is
A very soft and slippery crystalline mineral with a dark gray or black luster. It is used in pencils, etc., and is heat resistant and chemically stable, so it is used as powder, solid, and paint for lubricants, fire resistance, electrical materials, etc. It is used in the form of The crystal structure includes hexagonal crystals and rhombohedral crystal structures, and has a completely layered structure. Regarding electrical properties, free electrons exist between carbon and carbon bonds, making it a good conductor of electricity. Note that the graphite used in the present invention may be either natural or artificial.

Furthermore, the graphite used in the present invention has a particle size of 0.5 μm.
~10 μm is preferred.

Examples of film-forming polymeric materials include thermoplastic resins such as styrene resins, vinyl resins, polyethersulfone resins, polycarbonate resins, polyphenylene oxide resins, polyamide resins, fluororesins, cellulose resins, and acrylic resins, and epoxy resins. Thermosetting resins or photocuring resins such as resins, polyester resins, alkyd resins, phenolic resins, melamine resins, polyurethane resins, urea resins, silicone resins, and polyimide resins can be used. Among them, materials with mold release properties such as silicone resin and fluororesin, or polyether sulfone, polycarbonate, polyphenylene oxide, polyamide,
More preferred are materials with excellent mechanical properties such as phenol, polyester, polyurethane, and styrene resin.

Conductive amorphous carbon is defined in boat fishing as ``an aggregate of crystallites formed by burning or thermally decomposing a hydrocarbon or carbon-containing compound in an insufficient supply of air.'' In particular, it has excellent electrical conductivity, and is widely used because it can be filled into polymeric materials to impart electrical conductivity, and it is possible to obtain a desired electrical conductivity to some extent by controlling the amount added. In addition, the particle diameter of the conductive amorphous carbon used in the present invention is preferably lOl, Lm to 80 μm, more preferably 15 μm to 40 μm.

Next, the fading phenomenon, which is a problem to be solved by the present invention, will be explained. If you observe the sleeve when this phenomenon occurs, you will find that the toner layer is uniformly formed, which is a different phenomenon from white spots due to toner exhaustion or the like. When we measured the amount of charge on the toner on the sleeve (hereinafter referred to as "tribo"), we found that it was a lower value than normal.

That is, in addition to normally charged toner, toner that is not sufficiently charged passes through the concentrated magnetic field formed by the blade 6 and magnet 3 in FIG. 1 due to the frictional force received from the sleeve surface, and forms a toner layer on the sleeve. . This phenomenon occurs because the triboelectricity of the toner layer decreases and the toner layer is not developed on the drum even when subjected to alternating electric fields between the drum and the sleeve. In order to prevent this, it is necessary to increase the triboelectricity of the toner layer. In other words, when the toner passes through the concentrated magnetic field formed by the magnetic blade 6 and the magnet 3, the toner passes through the concentrated magnetic field only by the reflection force acting between the toner and the sleeve, regardless of the frictional force received from the sleeve surface. This problem can be avoided since a toner layer can be formed only with toner having a normal tribo with a large mirroring force.

In order to reduce the friction on the sleeve surface and increase the slipperiness, the center line average roughness Ra(
Merely reducing the value of Ra (hereinafter abbreviated as "Ra") cannot be expected to produce a reliable effect, but rather causes problems such as an insufficient amount of toner coating on the sleeve due to reducing Ra.

The sleeve of the present invention can be used, for example, on the surface of an aluminum pipe (surface viscosity 2S) after drawing.

Spray a prepared solution like the following formulation example to a thickness of about 0.
．． Coat with a thickness of about 5 to 30 μm, then dry in a drying oven (150℃
) can be coated by a process such as thermosetting.

(Formulation example 1) Resin: Phenol resin (solid content) 30 parts by weight Carbon: C0NDtJCTEX 975 t
JB (manufactured by Columbia Carbon) 25 parts by weight Diluent: 200 parts by weight of methyl alcohol methyl cellosolve (formulation example 2) Resin: 15 parts by weight of phenolic resin (solid content) Conductive lubricant...・Carpenter graphite (1 μm) 15 parts by weight Diluent... Methyl alcohol Methyl cellosolve 225 parts by weight or more Sleeves are manufactured through the following steps, but with only the above steps, when the relative load length tP = 5% It is difficult to reduce the cutting depth Cν to 5 μm or less.
For this purpose, it is effective to finally apply surface polishing to the sleeve.

For example, a surface polished with felt can be used. This polishing process will be briefly explained using an example.

After the drying process, the sleeve is rotated at about 800 rpm and brought into contact with felt under a pressure of about 1 to 3 kg. 1 to 5 cm/s in the longitudinal direction of the sleeve.
Polishing is completed by moving it from one end to the other at a speed of ec. Polishing methods are not limited to these, but include cloth,
This can be done with a rag or the like, or it can be done directly by hand without rotating the sleeve.

The sleeve of the present invention is produced as described above.

Here, let us consider the reason why the CV value when t = 5% is related to the incidence of fading, and why Ra cannot be unconditionally related to the incidence of fading. Figure 2(a),
(b) is a schematic diagram showing the surface profile of each of the 82 types of sleeve A, and the CV value (hereinafter referred to as CVs) of the 82 types of sleeve A and tP = 5%.
Table 1 shows an example of the relationship between the slipperiness and fading of the surface of +Ra+Ra-.

(Left below) Table 1 Sleeve A has CVs=10um and Ra=2.5μm, and sleeve B has surface polishing and pressure applied to sleeve A to give CVs=i, 0μm and Ra=2.0μm. It is something. The value of Cv changed significantly from 1o to 1 and Oum, but Ra did not change much from 2.5 to 2.0 μm. This A.

The difference in B is obvious when looking at the profile shown in Figure 2. In case A, both CVs and Ra take large values because the profile has sharp convexities and roughness, but in case B, the convex portions of the profile are rounded by surface polishing, so C□ takes a small value. However, since the recess remains as it is, Ra remains at a relatively large value. Regarding fading, A has sharp unevenness,
Fading occurred due to poor slipperiness on the sleeve surface. In case B, since the convex portions were rounded, the sleeve surface had good slipperiness and no fading occurred.

It has been found that by defining the CVs value of the sleeve surface as described above, it is possible to improve the slipperiness of the sleeve surface and prevent the occurrence of fading.

Next, the relative load curve on the sleeve surface, which is a feature of the present invention, will be explained.

FIG. 3 shows the profile (cross-sectional curve) of the sleeve surface per reference length and the corresponding relative load curve (Abbott load curve). A relative load curve is a straight line at a certain level (the distance from the highest peak of the standard length section to this level is called the cutting depth CV) parallel to the average line of this standard length section in the profile per standard length. When the standard length section is cut at , the ratio of the length of the line segment of the cut ℃1 + ρ2 + ... + ρゎ and the standard length is the relative load length tP at that level (cutting depth) A relative load curve is a graph of the relationship between cutting depth and relative load length. (In this example, the surface roughness measuring instrument S E-30HKosa
(manufactured by Ka Laboratory Ltd.) In the present invention, in this relative load curve, attention is paid to the cutting depth CV when the relative load length t2 = 5%, and by setting CV < 5 μm, the occurrence of fading is prevented. It was designed to do so.

As described above, by setting the CVE value to CVs<5 μm, fading can be prevented from occurring. Furthermore, in order to set the C□ value to C□<5 μm, it is effective to polish the sleeve surface.

As mentioned above, Ra is not a reliable means of suppressing the occurrence of fading, but if Ra<0.4μ
In the case of m, there are disadvantages such as a low image density due to an insufficient amount of toner coating on the sleeve and uneven coating of the developer due to non-uniform charging of the developer. Therefore, the value of Ra is
It is necessary that Ra2014 μm, preferably Ra>0.5 μm.

It is also possible to blast the sleeve coating surface after drying in order to make the C□ value of the sleeve surface 5 μm or less. For example, blasting can be carried out using a blasting machine manufactured by Fuji Seisakusho Co., Ltd., using abrasive grains such as Alundum #400. Further, in order to remove the coating film fine powder ground by the blasting process, alcohol cleaning or the like can also be performed together.

Next, the developer according to the present invention will be explained.

The developer of the present invention contains as essential components a metal complex compound (A) of an aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid having a lipophilic group and a metal complex type monoazo dye (B) having a hydrophilic group.

By having the above-described structure, the developer according to the present invention can prevent the fading phenomenon, especially under high temperature and high humidity conditions, and can fully utilize the original performance of the coat sleeve according to the present invention. Ta. That is, the developer according to the present invention is
Very good matching with the image forming apparatus according to the present invention.
This is a developer that allows the image forming apparatus to be fully utilized, and by using the developer and image forming apparatus according to the present invention, an image forming method that provides good images has been established.

The reason for this is that by using a resin having a polymerizable monomer unit containing an acid group consisting of a carboxyl group or an acid anhydride thereof, the developer has a remarkable triboelectric charging uniformity effect. It meets the requirements for a sleeve that has improved slip properties due to CVa regulations, in other words, has the ability to increase the chance of contact charging due to developer slipping, and in particular, uniform developer charging even in high-temperature environments. We believe that this is because the formation of layers became possible.

Here, the lipophilic group refers to a nonpolar atomic group that has a very low affinity for water and therefore a high affinity for oil. The main lipophilic groups include chain hydrocarbon groups, alicyclic hydrocarbon groups, and aromatic hydrocarbon groups.

The lipophilic group that the metal complex compound (A) has in its structural formula is preferably a chain hydrocarbon group (especially an alkyl group) directly bonded to a cyclic (monocyclic to polycyclic) hydrocarbon.

In the metal complex (A) having such a lipophilic group,
The aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid serving as a ligand preferably has a benzene nucleus or a naphthalene nucleus, and is preferably coordinated to a metal atom with a carboxyl group and a hydroxyl group.

On the other hand, the hydrophilic group refers to a polar atomic group that strongly interacts with water. The main hydrophilic group is -5OzH, -
505M, -COOM, -NRzX, -COOH
, -NH2-CN, -OH, -NHCONH2, -X
, -NO, etc. (where R: alkyl group, M: alkali metal or -NH4). In the present invention, the hydrophilic groups include halogen (-X), carboxyl (-COO
H), hydroxyl (-OH), nitro (-NO□
), sulfone (-SO3H), sulfonamino (-S
O, NH, ) groups are preferably used.

Such a monoazo dye CB) having a hydrophilic group preferably has a benzene nucleus or a naphthalene nucleus in the ligand, and preferably has a 0,0'-dioxyazo structure.

The above-mentioned lipophilic group or hydrophilic group is a monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon group (e.g. benzene nucleus, naphthalene nucleus) in the structural formula.
Preferably, it is directly bonded to.

When these compounds A and B are added individually to a toner, they both exhibit similar effects as charge control agents (for example, normal negative chargeability), but in the present invention, By utilizing the interaction when these compounds A and B are combined, the triboelectric charge distribution among toner particles is made uniform.

Furthermore, in order to further enhance the combined effect of both substances A and B in the toner of the present invention, it is desirable that one or more of the following conditions be satisfied.

■ The metal atoms in the metal complex of both substances A and B used together are
It is preferable that they be the same in order to make the compatibility of both substances with the resin substantially equal.

(2) The metal atom in the metal complex is preferably Cr in order to improve the charging property of the toner.

■ The particle size of both substances A and B is preferably smaller in order to improve dispersibility in the resin.Specific values include volume average particle size (d,) 9.0μm or less, number average particle size (d,)
The thickness is preferably 5.0 μm or less.

■ The electrical resistances of both substances A and B are almost the same;
Specifically, the ratio of volume resistivity (R) of material A/material B is 1
04 to 103 is preferable in order to make the triboelectric charges uniform.

Specifically, the above compound A is represented by the following general formula (I)
, (If) or (III) are preferably used.

In the above general formula (I) or II), R1-R4
: Same or different, represents hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group below COO (alkyl group, alkenyl group, etc.). However, in general formula (I), at least one of R1 to R4 represents the above hydrocarbon group.

a, b: There may be a C4 to C9 hydrocarbon group (alkyl group, etc.), a benzene ring, or a cyclohexene ring.

However, in formula (II), either a or b has the above hydrocarbon group, etc., and in formula (m), a
or b, and either C or d has the above-mentioned hydrocarbon group, etc.

X” (counter ion): H”, K”, Na”,
NH4”, LL” etc.

Me: Cr, Ni, Go, Cu, Zn
etc.

In the salicylic acid or naphthoic acid metal complex represented by General Formula 1 (I) or III), R', R
As the alkyl groups for ", R" and R', those having 5 or less carbon atoms can be easily introduced, and tertiary-butyl groups, tertiary-amyl groups, or alkyl groups having a small number of carbon atoms are preferably used. In the present invention, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-salicylic acid complex compounds and mono-tert-butyl chromium salicylate complex compounds are particularly preferably used.

As shown in the above general formula, in the metal complex compound A, the ligands bonded to the metal atoms may not be the same. In this case, at least one of these ligands may be an aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid ligand having a lipophilic group.

More specifically, as the metal complex compound A, a complex compound having the following structure is particularly preferably used.

On the other hand, as the metal complex monoazo dye B having a hydrophilic group, a metal complex monoazo dye known as a charge control agent for negative toners can be used as appropriate.

As the monoazo dye, a metal complex type monoazo dye having the following structural formula (IV) or (V) and having a coupling product of a phenol or naphthol derivative as a ligand is preferably used.

More specifically, as the metal complex compound B, a complex compound having the following structure is particularly preferably used.

B-2 The ratio of the amounts of the above-mentioned substances A and B added to the binder resin is:
A substance/B substance=1/10 to 1O10 is preferable, and A substance/B substance=1/3 to 3.0 is more preferable.

The amount of substances A and B added is preferably 0.1 to 1,000 parts, respectively, per 100 parts of the binder resin: 0.5 to 4.0 parts
part is more preferable.

As the binder resin of the developer according to the present invention, monopolymers of styrene and its substituted products such as polystyrene and polyvinyltoluene; styrene-propylene copolymers, styrene-propylene copolymers,
Vinyl toluene copolymer, styrene-vinylnaphthalene copolymer, styrene-methyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-ethyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-octyl acrylate copolymer , styrene-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate copolymer, styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-ethyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-butyl methacrylate copolymer, styrene-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer Polymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl ethyl ether copolymer, styrene-vinyl methyl ketone copolymer, styrene-butadiene copolymer, styrene-isoprene copolymer, styrene-maleic acid copolymer Styrenic copolymers such as styrene-maleic acid ester copolymers; polymethyl methacrylate, polybutyl methacrylate,
Polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl butyral, polyacrylic acid resin, rosin, modified rosin, Tenbel resin, phenolic resin, aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon resin, aromatic petroleum resin, paraffin wax, carnauba wax, etc. They can be used alone or in combination.

Further, as the coloring material that can be further added to the developer according to the present invention, conventionally known carbon black, copper phthalocyanine, iron black, etc. can be used.

As the magnetic fine particles contained in the magnetic toner according to the present invention, a substance that is magnetized when placed in a magnetic field is used, such as powder of a ferromagnetic metal such as iron, cobalt, or nickel, or magnetite.

Alloys and compounds such as γ-Fe 20 s + ferrite can be used.

These magnetic fine particles preferably have a BET specific surface area of 1 to 20 m27g, particularly 2.5 to 12m2, measured by nitrogen adsorption method.
/g, and preferably a magnetic powder having a Mohs hardness of 5 to 7.

The content of this magnetic powder is preferably 10 to 70% by weight based on the weight of the developer.

The developer of the present invention may further include other additives, such as Teflon, lubricants such as zinc stearate, fixing aids (such as low molecular weight polyethylene), or conductivity imparting agents, as long as they do not have a substantial adverse effect. Alternatively, a metal oxide such as magnetized tin may be added.

Furthermore, the low molecular weight polyalkylene used in the developer according to the present invention preferably has a molecular weight distribution with multiple peaks, and specifically, the chromatogram in gel permeation chromatography has at least two peaks. The molecular weight (Pl) corresponding to the main maximum value is in the range of 2,000 to 80,000, and there is at least one other maximum value (P2) on the lower molecular weight side than the main maximum value. ) is good. Preferably, another maximum value is located at a position of 1/30 to 115, more preferably 1/20 to 1/10 of the molecular weight of the main maximum value. Addition of polyalkylene having the above molecular weight distribution improves the compatibility with the binder resin and also improves the dispersibility of toner additives, so that uniform charging properties of the developer can be achieved. . Further, it is preferable to incorporate it into the toner in combination with the two types of charge control agents added to the toner according to the present invention, since this is extremely effective in improving the chargeability of the developer.

Further, the low molecular weight polyalkylene used in the present invention is preferably a propylene-ethylene copolymer, and more preferably contains 1 to 10% by weight of ethylene units based on the low molecular weight polyalkylene.

In producing the developer of the present invention, the constituent materials are thoroughly kneaded using a heat kneader such as a hot roll, a niegu, or an extruder, and then mechanically crushed or classified, or the materials are mixed in a binder resin solution. A method of producing a toner by dispersing and then spray drying, or a polymerization method of obtaining a toner by mixing a specified material with a monomer to constitute a binder resin to form an emulsified suspension and then polymerizing the resulting toner. , each method can be applied.

The basic configuration and features of the present invention have been described above, and the method of the present invention will be specifically explained below based on Examples. However, this does not limit the embodiments of the present invention in any way. Parts in the examples are parts by weight.

[Example] The above compound was heated to 140°C in a twin-screw extruder.
The cooled kneaded material was melt-kneaded with Gu and coarsely ground with a hammer mill, the coarsely ground material was finely ground with a jet mill, and the resulting ground powder was classified by air to obtain toner classified powder with a volume average diameter of 11.7 μm. I got it.

Furthermore, for 100 parts of the toner classified powder obtained here,
A developer was prepared by dry mixing 0.6 parts of hydrophobic colloidal silica (hydrophobicity: 92%) using a Henschel mixer.

The developer was transferred to a commercially available laser beam printer LBP-3X.
(manufactured by Canon), and coated the surface of the developer carrier with Formulation Example 2, that is, a synthetic resin containing conductive graphite particles in a ratio of 1=1 to phenol resin, according to the method described above. The coating thickness is 8μ), and as mentioned above,
CV by bringing felt into contact and polishing its surface.
s” 1.09 μm and Ra = 1.75 μm, and the -order charging was set to 1600 μm to form a reversed electrostatic latent image, and the developer layer on the photosensitive drum and developing sleeve (M1 stone encapsulant) was A gap (300 μm) was set for non-contact, and AC bias (f = 1,800 Hz).

Vpp = 1, 600 V) and DC bias (V
oc = -450V) to the developing sleeve, the transfer potential was set to the opposite polarity, and the temperature was set at room temperature (20℃, 60%
When a continuous printout test of 3,000 sheets was conducted under Rh) environment, uniform printout images without any fading phenomenon were obtained. Also, high temperature (32.5℃
, 85% RH).
Similarly good results were obtained.

After melt-kneading the above compound, the steps of pulverization and classification were performed to obtain a toner classified powder with an average particle size of 11.3 μm.

A developer was prepared using the above toner classified powder in the same manner as in Example-1, and a printout test was conducted in the same manner as in Example-1. A good printout image without any fading phenomenon was obtained.

By changing the degree of surface polishing of the developer carrier of Example-1, CVs = 0.51 μm, Ra = 0.55 μm
The test was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the image reflection density was low overall, but the fading phenomenon was not observed until 3000 sheets at room temperature and 2000 sheets at high temperature. No good printout images were obtained.

Top U skin A Same as in Example-1 except that the degree of surface polishing of the developer carrier in Example-1 was changed and CVs was 2.30 μm and Ra = 1.81 μm. During the test, some printouts showed a slight fading phenomenon that was not a practical problem.
Good results were obtained up to 0 sheets.

Same as Example-2 except that the degree of surface polishing of the developer carrier of Example-2 was changed to CV = 4.79 μm and Ra = 2.33 μm. When tested, the overall image reflection density was somewhat low, and although there was some fading phenomenon, it was
Good printout images that pose no practical problems were obtained up to 1,000 sheets under high temperature conditions.

[Effect of the invention] As described above, at least conductive fine particles or
It has a resin layer containing a solid lubricant on its surface, and in the relative load curve (Abbott's load curve) of the surface, the cutting depth CV when the relative load length tP = 5% is C.
By using the developer according to the present invention in an image forming method using a developing device having a developer carrier for supporting and transporting the developer where V < 5 μm,
It is now possible to prevent the so-called fading phenomenon from occurring not only at normal temperatures but also at high temperatures.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of the developing device used in the present invention, Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the developing device used in the present invention;
Figures (a) and (b) are schematic diagrams showing the surface profiles of two types of sleeves, A and B, respectively. Figure 3 is an explanatory diagram of the relative load curve, and Figure 4 is an explanatory diagram of the fading phenomenon. . 1... Electrostatic image carrier (photosensitive drum) 2... Developer carrier (sleeve) 3... Multipolar permanent magnet 4... Developer storage chamber 6... Doctor blade 10...・Coating layer Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Sleeve surface profile (b) Fig. 3 Phase 'f'' Too” 5’/.

Claims (2)

[Claims] (1) It has a resin layer containing at least conductive fine particles or a solid lubricant on its surface, and has a relative load length t_P in the relative load curve (Abbott's load curve) of the surface.
= 5%, cutting depth C_V is C_V≦5μ
m, which is applied to an image forming method using a developing device having a developer carrier for supporting and transporting the developer, wherein the developer is an aromatic hydroxyl group having a lipophilic group. A developer characterized by containing a metal complex compound of carboxylic acid (A) and a metal complex type monoazo dye having a hydrophilic group (B). (2) It has a resin layer containing at least conductive fine particles or a solid lubricant on its surface, and has a relative load length t_P in the relative load curve (Abbott's load curve) of the surface.
= 5%, cutting depth C_V is C_V≦5μ
In the image forming method using a developing device having a developer carrier for carrying and transporting a developer, the developer is a metal complex compound of an aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acid having a lipophilic group (A ) and a metal complex type monoazo dye (B) having a hydrophilic group.