JPH0235063B2 - - Google Patents

Abstract

1. The use as a textile material of a laminated flat article with an upper layer (2) containing fibres or filaments, with an inner layer (5) of granular particles (6) of at least one non-reactive mineral material and with a supporting layer (3), the upper layer (2) and the supporting layer (3) being needled together through the inner layer (5).

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The invention comprises a top layer containing fibers or filaments and a carrier layer, both layers encapsulating between themselves an inner layer of granular filler material through which the needles can be connected. The present invention relates to a flat layered structure for use in the field where textiles are used as punched and bonded jackets, cushion elements, floor coverings or wall coverings or the like, and to a method of using the same. In the case of a known layered structure (according to DE 2344835) of the type mentioned at the outset:
The two covering layers are stitched together via a layer of granular filler material. In this case, these layers of filler material must consist of a material, ie a material that does not have a defined shape in itself so that it can be penetrated by a needle when being sutured. In this known layer structure, synthetic foam materials are advantageously used as filling materials, which foam materials are distinguished by their particularly low weight. The use of this known layer structure is limited by the nature of the filler material used. The stitching of this layered structure is a very expensive working process, which also requires expensive sewing threads. If the suture thread is damaged, there is a risk that the seam will tear and that the anchorage of the filler material between the seams is no longer guaranteed. Furthermore, jutans are known in which between the support layer and the upper layer a loose fiber material consisting of edges produced during production is bonded by needle punching. The problem underlying the invention is therefore to create a layered structure of the type mentioned at the outset, which can be used in a wide variety of ways and is not restricted to filler materials. According to the invention, the above-mentioned problem is achieved in that the upper layer and the carrier layer are needle-punched through an inner layer containing granular particles of at least one mineral-based inert substance. resolved. Due to the fact that the coating layers are bonded to one another by means of a needle-punching process, the layer present in the middle of the coating layer, which contains granular particles of at least one mineral inert substance, advantageously has a plurality of layers. Mixed with fibers or threads, the particulate particles are held in place by these fibers or threads. This provides the layer structure with its own anchoring, in which case, for example, if a thread or fiber is damaged, needle punching is possible at the undamaged locations. This is because the needle-punched fibers or threads are not bonded together. This ensures that particles only escape from damaged areas, for example. This is because the other needle punched areas act like closed rods. This ensures, for example, a uniform mixing of the particles with the fiber material and a close arrangement of the particles.
- which could not be achieved, for example due to the idea of stitching the covering layer - is carried out in an inexpensive manner by conventional needle punching methods. The flow of the granules within the layered structure is completely prevented, so that a three-dimensional shape is achieved which can be used in many ways as a surface profile of the fibrous material of the layered structure. The addition of heavier granules increases the overall weight of the surface profile, which has a very advantageous effect in various applications. The granular particles used according to the invention, especially if they are sand or gravel, have brittle and/or abrasive properties and have a hardness that does not break during needle punching. ing. Therefore, the small pieces have properties that are inherently unsuitable for needle punching due to the material they are made of.
Surprisingly, however, the surface layer and the support layer can be processed using conventional needle punch processing techniques, i.e. with needle punch needles with barbs, e.g. regular felting needles, without damaging the needles, e.g. It has been found that needle punching can be performed through a layer of granular particles without breaking them. This is partly due to the fact that the granules are present so that they can move past each other prior to needle punching, and the particles that are hit by the needle escape laterally during needle punching. . The layer structure according to the invention can advantageously be used as a diutane, in which case the sand, for example, can be used in an amount of 100 to 1000 g/
It is present with an areal weight of m ² . This allows the production of heavy jackets at a reasonable cost, which have better walking noise modifiers and a higher degree of sound absorption compared to lighter jackets. The layered structures according to the invention can be used as customary wall coverings, floor coverings, mountings and cushion elements. Furthermore, because of its weight, this layered structure is suitable for shaping into strips as a weighted belt. In most fields of use, this layered structure insert is applied, for example, as a strip, but it is of course also possible to combine a number of layered structures, in particular two layered structures.
For example, it can also be used as a cushion, a bag or a hose. In its simplest form, the inner layer of the layered structure consists exclusively of granular sand. This makes it possible, for example, to create floor coverings that can be used as self-adhesive heavy dungeons, with the dungeon floor conforming to and clinging to unevenness. As a self-contacting jutan, the area weight of the sand layer is between 2 and 7 kg/m ² . Since such a layered structure has no seams, it can be cut and then used, for example, as a strip or a piece of stone. When the layered structure is divided into small pieces, such as this paving stone, the pieces only flow out in the area directly adjacent to the cutting area. This is because the individual pieces are each held by the holding fibers pierced as described above. This is because the upper layer and the covering layer are not sutured to each other by sealing small particles such as sand between them, as has been done in the past, but are connected to each other by needle punching. Only then can it become possible. Such layer densities over the entire surface of the layered structure can only be produced by needle punching, which layer densities cannot even be imagined with stitching. Furthermore, this style of siding and especially siding stones need not be affixed to the floor. This is because they rest tightly on the floor due to their own weight. Furthermore, when using an inner layer of rock chips, such as sand or the like, it is also possible to add a binder in this layer, for example cement or the like, or a synthetic resin. When the jutan with cement particles is placed on a wet surface, the jutan binds to the surface and hardens. The granular particles forming the filling material may be made of cement, barite, or light metals such as aluminum hydroxide or the like. These materials, including the sand or gravel mentioned above, improve the properties of the layered structure with respect to its behavior in the event of a fire. In particular, such layer structures serve as fire protection. The layered structure according to the invention can also advantageously be used as wall covering. In this case too, a binder such as cement or synthetic resin is added to the inner layer.
The layer structure is attached to the wall with nails, pins, etc. during installation and hardening, so that it does not fall prematurely during the hardening of the layered structure to the wall. This nail or pin can be driven through the layered structure without destroying it and can be removed again after the hardening process has finished. Since at least the upper layer is elastic, holes created during nailing etc. will close naturally after the nail is pulled out. Owing to the fact that the layer structure according to the invention can be cut into differently shaped parts, this layer structure is particularly suitable for use as cushions, for example for sofas or armrests. In the layered structure according to the present invention, when sand is used as the granular pieces, the layered structure has good fire prevention properties because sand has a large heat capacity and poor heat conductivity. Wall hangings made of fiber materials, which are conventionally supplied as flame-retardant, behave even better if they are filled with sand. The layered structure according to the invention can therefore be used, for example, as a so-called "iron curtain" and, due to its fiber material construction, has a good optical appearance. The granular particles may also be in powder form, especially if this is a binder such as cement or the like.
Granular pieces of various substances may be mixed. Particularly advantageous are particle sizes of 0.02 to 2 mm. These layered structures can be made with different weights and resulting total layer thicknesses to suit the particular application. For example, when sand is present as granular particles, the total thickness is about 4-5 mm for a layer of particles with an areal weight of 4 Kg/m ² , while for a layer with an areal weight of about 12 Kg/m ² . The structure has a total thickness of about 8-10 mm. Depending on the desired total layer thickness of the layer structure, the fibers or threads from which the slate is made may be at least needle-stretched so that they extend through a sufficient thickness of the layer structure from the top layer to the carrier layer. The upper layer has a sufficient length, in particular a length of 40 to 120 mm, so that it can be captured and actively needle-punched. Both these layers are preferably applied over the entire surface of the layered structure, e.g.
They are bonded together by needle punching so much that a sufficient needle punch density of 200 punches/cm ² is achieved. If necessary or desired, the layer structure can be needle-punched either from the top layer or from the support layer. With other configurations, the support layer can also consist of a fiber-free material, for example a synthetic material sheet, which makes other structural variations of the layer structure possible. In this case, at least the carrier layer is provided with a reflective layer, for example a metal layer. Textile strips or fleece materials can also be used as carrier layers which are not captured by the needles but can be needle punched passively by being simply pierced. In an advantageous embodiment, the carrier layer has recesses filled with small pieces, for example bowl-shaped or rectangular. This makes it possible, for example, to obtain a layer structure which is particularly flexible, can be bent around the web between the recesses and can be rolled up in a particularly advantageous manner. In this case, the covering layers are needle-punched and bonded to each other in the areas where the recesses are not formed, and remain unneedle-punched in the areas where the recesses are formed. Depending on the particular field of use, the retaining fibers are drawn into the carrier layer with recesses at different depths. That is, on the one hand, the penetration depth is shorter than the height of the recess, in which case the carrier layer is not pierced by the needle. However, if desired on the other hand, a deeper penetration depth can be selected, in which case the retaining fibers may also penetrate the bottom of the recess. An intermediate possibility between these two possibilities is that the bottom of the recess is pierced by the needle tip, but the retaining fibers are not drawn downward to the bottom. The individual sand bodies between the covering layers are held elastically by the retention fibers which pass through the sand layer and which connect the top layer and the support layer to one another, and this layer structure as sand bodies can be spread, with the individual sand bodies being The particles do not significantly change their position within the layered structure. If a spherical thread wound around a sphere is used as the upper layer, for example as described in European Patent Publication (A1) 0013428, a special dense upper layer is obtained in which no powder particles flow out during the needle punching process. is obtained. Examples of use of the present invention are illustrated below. 1 for use as floor coverings, comprising an upper layer containing fibers or filaments and a carrier layer, in which case both layers encapsulate between themselves an inner layer of granular filler material and this inner layer Use in flat layer structures for the field where textiles are used as jackets, cushion elements, floor coverings or wall coverings, which are needle-punched and bonded to each other through a top layer 2 and a carrier layer 3. is needle punched through an inner layer 5 containing granular particles 6 of at least one mineral inert substance. 2. For use as wall covering material, comprising an upper layer containing fibers or filaments and a carrier layer, in which case both layers encapsulate between themselves an inner layer of granular filler material, and this inner layer Use for areas where textiles are used as jackets, cushion elements, floor coverings or wall coverings or the like, which are needle-punched and bonded to each other through flat layered structures, the upper layer 2 and the support layer 3 is needle-punched through an inner layer 5 containing granular particles 6 of at least one mineral inert substance. 3 comprising an upper layer containing fibers or filaments and a carrier layer in which the particles are present in an areal weight of 10 to 100 g, in which case both layers have an inner layer of granular filler material between them; flat layered structures for use in the field where textiles are used as jackets, cushion elements, floor coverings or wall coverings, which are enclosed and connected to each other by needle punching through the inner layers; , a top layer 2 and a support layer 3
is needle punched through an inner layer 5 containing granular particles 6 of at least one mineral inert substance. 4. For use as a curtain, it comprises an upper layer containing fibers or filaments and a support layer, in which case both layers encapsulate between themselves an inner layer of granular filler material, and through this inner layer Use in flat layer structures for applications where textiles are used as jackets, cushion elements, floor coverings or wall coverings, which are needle-punched and bonded to one another, in which the top layer 2 and the carrier layer 3 are Needle punched through an inner layer 5 containing granular particles 6 of at least one mineral inert substance. 5. For use as cushioning material for armrests, sofas, etc., comprising an upper layer containing fibers or filaments and a carrier layer, in which case both layers encapsulate between themselves an inner layer of granular filler material. flat layered structures for use in the field where textiles are used as jackets, cushion elements, floor coverings or wall coverings, which are bonded to one another by needle punching through the inner layers; The top layer 2 and the support layer 3 are needle-punched through an inner layer 5 containing granular particles 6 of at least one mineral inert substance. 6. For use as self-adhesive jersey fleece, comprising an upper layer containing fibers or filaments and a carrier layer, both layers encapsulating between themselves an inner layer of granular filler material. and jutan which are needle-punched and bonded to each other through this inner layer,
Use in areas where textiles are used as cushioning elements, floor coverings or wall coverings In flat layered structures, the top layer 2 and the support layer 3 consist of at least one mineral-based inert substance. Needle punched through the inner layer 5 containing small pieces 6 of. 7. For use in the form of strips as strip weights, comprising an upper layer containing fibers or filaments and a support layer, in which case both layers encapsulate between themselves an inner layer of granular filler material. In flat layered structures for use in areas where textiles are used as jackets, cushion elements, floor coverings or wall coverings, which are bonded to each other by needle punching through this inner layer, Granular pieces 6 in which the layer 2 and the carrier layer 3 consist of at least one mineral inert substance;
Needle-punched through the inner layer 5 containing . Other details and advantages of the invention are apparent from the appended claims and the embodiments described in conjunction with the following drawings. The drawing shows a partial area of the layered structure according to the invention schematically and enlarged in cross section. The layer structure 1 has an upper layer 2 which is actively needleable and consists of a fiber fleece or of a thread (FIG. 3) wound into a sphere as a spherical thread. At least passively, by being not captured by the needles, but only being pierced (see FIG. 4, "Layer 5"), the needleable carrier layer 3 is attached to this upper layer by means of the retaining fibers 4 taken out from the upper layer 2. Retained against layer 2. A layer 5 of granular particles 6 is provided between the top layer 2 and the carrier layer 3. Both layers 2 and 3 are needle-punched and bonded to each other via this chip layer 5. Needle punch processing is performed by R.Krcma, for example.
Author “Handbuchder Textilverbund stoffe” (Textile composite material handbook), Deutscher
Fachverlag.Frankfurtam Main1970, 198~
Needle punching is carried out by needle punching methods known in the needle punching felt technology as described on page 202. In this technique, felting needles with a triangular needle shank and a barb oriented laterally toward the tip are often used to perform the needle punching process. Other shapes of needles can also be used, such as fork or loop needles. The knitting needles described in the above-mentioned publications can also be used accordingly for needle punching the layered structure 1. When the felting needle penetrates into the upper layer 2, it picks up individual fibers 4 or bundles of fibers 4 from this upper layer and braids these fibers with the carrier layer 3. The upper layer 2 is positively needleable for this purpose. That is, the fibers can be grabbed out of this layer, with a portion of the fibers 4 still remaining fixed in the layer 2. Not only are the layers 2 and 3 bonded to each other by the needle punching process, but also the granular pieces 6 of the layer 5 are distributed over the entire surface of the layered structure 1 in a countless number of ways by the drawn retention fibers 4. This prevents sideways sliding. This makes it possible to cut the layered structure in any desired shape, in particular as a strip or as a slab, without any significant amount of small pieces falling out from around the cut. In this embodiment, the layer 5 of granular particles 6 consists of small-sized rock particles, for example sand, with a particle size of 0.02 to 2 mm, depending on the desired use. However, larger pieces 6 can also be used depending on the intended use. Advantageous features of this rock fragment are its relatively large weight for a given layer thickness, its relatively high heat capacity and its inert behavior, especially towards other substances. In this embodiment, the layer 5 of granular particles 6 is composed of rock particles of small size, for example according to the regulations.
It consists of sand with a particle size of 0.02 to 2 mm. However, according to an embodiment not shown, coarse sand and gravel and even fine-grained stone chips can be used, as long as this does not impede the penetration of the felting needle in any way. In this layer 5, besides sand, and instead of the binder particles, there are also substances such as cement, gypsum, lime, etc., especially in powder form (and not shown for clarity in the drawing). It may also be contained in powder form. As is clear from the drawing, the carrier layer 3 can consist of various materials. This carrier layer 3 is opened when a needle is inserted therethrough, and holds the holding fibers 4 inserted therethrough, for example, elastically, for example by tightening and weaving. The carrier layer 3 is thus passively needle-punchable. This includes, for example, synthetic sheets 7 (see e.g. FIG. 2) of soft-elastic materials, fibrous layers which themselves become denser and felted by means of a sufficiently dense needle-punching process, which are particles 6.
Fiber composite fleece materials or spunbond materials which retain and are viscous bonded are suitable. The carrier layer 3 is itself captured by the needle and actively (see FIG.
Reference) Can be needle punched,
This makes the layered structure 1 - as shown in the right half of FIG. 4 - additionally needle punchable from the opposite side. In addition, the synthetic material as the carrier layer 3 is actively captured by other needles under the sheet, etc. (Fig.
Reference) Provides a fiber layer that can be needle punched,
It is also possible to needle-punch the layered structure 1 from both sides. The carrier layer 3 can furthermore be formed as an elastic backing itself or - not shown -
It can be provided with an elastic backing on the side facing the top layer 2. The fibrous layer - whether as top layer 2 or as support layer 3 - can be separately needle-punched and pre-compressed, e.g. by needle-punching a fiber composite or the like onto a support layer such as a synthetic sheet. to facilitate handling during production and/or to prevent fine sand particles 6, in particular binder particles 13 (see FIG. 3), from escaping the layered structure 1 prior to needle punching. is possible. Various textured fibers are suitable as fiber materials for the fiber fleece and the spherical yarn (FIG. 3). Particularly suitable for this are natural or synthetic fibers, such as cotton, wool, animal hair fibers, etc., or mixtures thereof. The layered structure of the embodiment according to FIG. 1 only has distributed, fine, sand-like rock particles. In this case, this rock fragment is about 100-1000g/m ²
It exists with an area weight of . This embodiment makes it possible to improve, for example, jutan. Conventionally, jutan formed in this way weighs approximately 700 to 800 g/
^m2 , but by adding about 400g of fine sand per ^m2 , its weight can be reduced to about 50g.
%. By loading the sand particles 6 into this jacket, a hardening/softening effect can be achieved in a relatively arbitrary manner, thereby increasing the walking noise improvement and the sound absorption. 2 in Jutan
When sand with an areal weight of ~7 Kg/m ² is added and needle-punched within this jutan, the jutan becomes self-contacting as a strip, especially as a jutan-like paving stone, which also needs to be glued. There is no. The layered structure of the embodiment according to FIG. 1 can also be used as a curtain, in which case the layered structure behaves particularly well in a fire due to the addition of sand particles. For example particle size of 1-2 mm and 0.5-2.5 Kg/m ²
Due to the poor thermal conductivity and high heat capacity of the sand present in an area weight of . As shown in FIG. 2, a synthetic material sheet 7 is provided with recesses 8, obtained for example by deep drawing in the thermoplastic state. These recesses 8 are shaped like small bowls as shown in FIG. However, these recesses may also be of rectangular design, in which case the recesses are arranged parallel to one another, for example with their positions offset from one another. In this case, the recess 8 is open in the direction of the upper layer 2, so that the particles 6 can be introduced into this recess. In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, the layers 5 of the strips 6 are not interconnected and are divided into a number of parts. The needle penetrates the layered structure 1 uniformly and densely.
It is distributed over the entire surface of the surface. This is illustrated by the three small bowls on the left side of FIG. In this case, the retaining fibers 4 penetrate through the bottom of the bowl. If the retaining fiber 4 is not needle-pierced so deeply, in accordance with an embodiment not shown here, this retaining fiber ends in the region of the recess 8 at the bottom of the bowl-shaped part. On the other hand, the retaining fibers penetrate into the unprocessed recesses 9 of the synthetic material sheet 7, so that the upper layer 2 is bonded to the carrier layer formed as the synthetic material sheet 7. In this case, during the needle punching process of the layered structure, the needle tip nevertheless reaches the recess 8.
is perforated in the bottom of the recess 8 so that liquid can flow from the side of the carrier layer 3 into the recess 8 . As shown in the right half of FIG. 2, the upper layer 2 is connected to the retaining fibers 4 only in the region of the synthetic sheet 7 and the locations 9 where no recesses are formed. Although the bowl-shaped recess 8 itself is actually rigid, the layer structure 1 has a relatively large flexibility. This is because the position 9, which acts as a web and has no recess, acts like a hinge. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 of the layer structure 1, sand particles 6 and relatively small, water-activatable bonds, such as cement powder, are provided on the carrier layer 3, which is formed as a fiber fleece. The agent is placed as a layer 5, and on this layer a spherical thread 14 consisting of spherically wound fibers is placed as an upper layer. These three layers 2, 5 and 3 are needle-punched from above, in which case the retaining fibers 4 are removed from the spherical threads 14. This spherical thread-top layer 2 is particularly dense, so that particles 6 or 13 do not fall out of the layer structure, and dirt particles that fall onto the layer structure from the outside also pass through this top layer 2. Never. The layer structure according to FIG. 3 is particularly suitable as a diutane due to its surface structure. By wetting the foundation on which this jacket is placed, the retaining fibers 4 in particular absorb moisture and bond directly to the binder, which also binds to the base. In the embodiment according to FIG. 4 of the layered structure 1,
Arrays 11 or strips of sand-like granular particles 6 are placed as support layer 3 on the actively needle-punched fiber layer. These rows or strips form an interrupted intermediate layer 5 through which the needle punching process takes place. On this row of strips 6 an actively needlepunched fiber layer is placed as covering layer 2, and the layer structure 1 is needlepunched from above. The right half of FIG. 4 shows that the layered structure 1 can additionally be needle-punched from below;
is shown to be removed both from the upper layer 2 and from the carrier layer 3. What both of these configurations have in common is that they form a kind of hinge in the particle-free positions 12, so that the layer structure is provided with a large number of particles 6 transversely to the extension of the layer particles. Even when closed - as shown in the left half of Figure 4 - it can still be easily bent and extended. From the table below, arranged in rows according to the particle size range of the particles 6, the advantageously applicable size ranges with respect to particle weight per unit area, fiber thickness and fleece per fiber layer per unit area can be found. You can see the weight, needle thickness, and layer density.

TABLE If a synthetic sheet 7 is used as carrier layer 3, the sheet thickness is from 30 to 200 μm, as in the embodiment according to FIG. In this case, as the particle size increases, a thicker sheet is used accordingly. Example of manufacture of the layer structure 1 according to FIG. 1 Both the top layer 2 and the carrier layer 3 were made from the same material in the following manner. A 200 g/m ² fiber mixture of polyester fibers with a fineness of 3.3 to 17 dtex and a staple length of 90 mm is placed on a carrier sheet (not shown in FIG. 1) of polyethylene with a thickness of 0.1 m. The fibers together with the sheet are pre-needle punched with a conventional felting needle at a penetration density of 45 punches per cm ² . The fiber layer pre-needle-punched in this way is placed with the fiber tufts facing upwards on a supply table of needle-punched material, and then on this fiber layer, particles with a particle size of 0.5 to
0.75 mm of washed quartz sand is applied at a rate of 7 Kg/m ² . This layer is then covered with a similarly pre-needle-punched fiber layer by placing it with the fiber tuft side facing downwards. Full-thickness constructions are usually made with a 25 gauge felting needle at ³⁰ per cm2.
Needle punch processing is performed at the penetration rate of the punch. A layered structure with an areal weight of approximately 7.4 kg/m ² is obtained here. Example of manufacturing a layered structure 1 according to FIG. 2 per m ² of polyethylene as carrier layer 3
A neps sheet 7 having a 7700 neps, a cylindrical depression (neps) of 1 cm diameter and 5 mm depth is used. This nep is filled to the brim with silica sand, and then 17 dtex per 200 g/m ² of this, staple length 90 mm.
Covered with 17 layers of polypropylene fiber. The layered structure is needle punched with a conventional 25 gauge felting needle at a rate of 30 punches per cm ² . Thus, a layered structure 1 with an areal weight of approximately 1.8 Kg per m ²
is obtained. The nep is perforated by passing the needle through. But the sand doesn't spill out.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a layer structure in which both the carrier layer and the upper layer consist of fiber fleece and the particles are evenly distributed over the entire surface; FIG. 2 shows a small bowl in which the carrier layer has particles present; FIG. 3 shows a third embodiment of a layered structure in which the upper layer consists of spherical threads separated from each other; FIG. 4 shows a layered structure in which the pieces are shaped like strips The fourth embodiment is located inside the body. The symbols in the figure are 1... layer structure, 2... upper layer,
3... Support layer, 4... Holding fiber, 5... Piece layer,
6...Small piece, 13...Small piece, 14...Spherical thread.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. Comprising an upper layer containing fibers or filaments and a carrier layer, in which both layers encapsulate between themselves an inner layer of granular filler material and this inner layer In flat layered structures for the field where textiles are used as jackets, cushion elements, floor coverings or wall coverings, the upper layer 2 and the carrier layer 3 are connected to each other by needle punching through A layered structure as described above, characterized in that it is needle-punched through an inner layer 5 containing granular particles 6 of at least one mineral inert substance. 2. The layered structure according to claim 1, wherein the granular particles 6 consist of sand, gravel, cement, rock particles such as barite, or light metals such as aluminum hydroxide or similar light metals. body. 3 The particle size is smaller than 4 mm and 0.02 to 2 mm,
A layered structure according to claim 1 or 2. 4. The layered structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the small pieces have such hardness that they cannot be broken during needle punching. 5. Layered structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the pieces 6 are present with an areal weight of 0.1 to 12 Kg/m ^<2> . 6. A layered structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein other particles 13 are present in addition to inert particles such as rock particles 6. 7. Layered structure according to claim 6, wherein the other piece 13 is a binder, such as cement, powder adhesive. 8. Layer structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein at least the upper layer 2 consists of fleece. 9. Layered structure according to claim 8, wherein the fleeces 2, 3 are previously needle-punched. 10 Fleece 2 and 3 have staple lengths of 40 to 150 mm
Layered structure according to any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising fibers of. 11. The particles 6, 13 are secured against a displacement movement in the direction of the plane of the upper layer 2 by a single or a bundle of retaining fibers 4 or retaining filaments produced by a needle-punching process, A layered structure according to any one of the ranges 1 to 10. 12. According to claims 1 to 11, at least the upper layer 2 is captured by a needle via a retaining fiber 4 or a retaining filament from which it is taken out and is actively needle-punched. The layered structure according to any one of the above. 13. Layer structure according to claim 1, wherein the carrier layer 3 also consists of fiber fleece or filament fleece. 14. Layer structure according to claim 13, wherein the layer structure 1 is needle-punched both from the top layer 2 and from the carrier layer 3. 15 the lower carrier layer 3 consists of a fleece material;
A layered structure according to any one of claims 1 to 12. 16. Layer structure according to claim 1, wherein the lower carrier layer 3 consists of a textile strip. 17. Layer structure according to claim 1, wherein the lower carrier layer 3 consists of a textile-free or filament-free material. 18. Layer structure according to claim 17, wherein the lower carrier layer 3 consists of a viscous synthetic material sheet. 19. Layer structure according to any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein the lower carrier layer 3 is provided with a recess 8. 20. The layered structure according to claim 19, wherein the recess 8 is formed in the shape of a small bowl or rectangle. 21. Claim 19 or 20, wherein the small pieces 6, 13 are provided only in the recess 8.
Layered structure as described in Section. 22. Any of claims 19 to 21, wherein the retaining fibers 4 removed from the upper layer 2 penetrate the lower carrier layer 3 at locations 9 where no recesses are formed. Layered structure described in one. 23. Layered structure according to claim 22, wherein the penetration depth of the holding fibers 4 into the recesses 8 is shorter than the height of the recesses. 24. Claim 2, wherein the retaining fibers 4 penetrate the lower carrier layer 3 also in the area of the recesses 8.
Layered structure according to item 2. 25. Claims 1 to 2 present at a needle punch density of 50 to 200 punches/cm ²
The layered structure according to any one of items 4 to 4.