JPH01500508A - stackable bottle case - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] Mi lp scolded one The present invention relates to a bottle case as defined in the preamble of claim 1.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Bottle cases of various configurations are known. What these bottle cases have in common is The four walls of the case protect the bottle during transport and offer openings for handholds of various sizes. Not only is the width and height of the side walls sufficiently large, but the width and height of the side walls are Place a label on the lever to indicate the source and/or the contents of the bottles in the case. It is important to make sure that it is taken care of.

Nowadays, it is ridiculous for beverage manufacturers to only produce a single product; A series of different products is packed into bottles of the same size and the bottles are placed in a case of the same size and shipped. Loading is common practice. For this reason, in conventional bottle cases, labels etc. Therefore, it is necessary to display information about the product, and appropriate sorting (printing) is required during the packaging process. Cases in which the bottles that have been filled by the buyer have the correct label or printing I needed to get it in. However, in this way, product information is displayed on the bottle case. Labeling not only increases costs in the bottling and packaging process, but also For example, if a label becomes worn or damaged, consumers may refuse to use the bottle in its case. This has the problem that it cannot be distinguished from the outside. Something like this happens If you remove the bottle from the case, or look into the case from above or open the bottle, There's no way to tell. This is particularly inconvenient for sales.

In the past, attempts have been made to form a large opening in the side wall of the case that can be used as a peephole. However, the strength of the case frame is insufficient for cases with this type of configuration. It has not been put to practical use because it cannot be stacked. The purpose of the present invention is to provide sufficient stability It can be constructed with high rigidity, can be stacked without problems, and has a display function. We are in providing bottle cases. The object of the present invention is the feature set forth in claim 1. This is achieved by the features described in section.

According to the invention, case gl! Attach the bottom edge of the case to the gripping edge on the top of the case against the wall. A peephole is opened through the wall. As a result, the case itself is directly connected to the display device. become capable. In other words, in the case of a darning configuration, the consumer is asked to or by the label on the side (i.e. by the bottle itself in the case) Product information can be displayed visually.

In other words, in the case according to the invention important information about the product is provided to the consumer on the bottle itself. Displayed more directly on the body. Therefore, in the bottle case according to the present invention, the bottle case There is no need for a separate label on top; the bottle itself carries all product labeling. You can do it like this.

Of course, labels and printing can also be formed on the case for advertising and promotion.

Such markings may be applied to the gripping edges, bottom edges and It can be formed on wide corner posts formed at each corner. Grip edge, bottom edge and the corner posts are combined with one or more support plates to form a frame. The present invention Especially for bottle cases that accommodate large bottles that can form large labels on the bottle surface. It is useful for

It is preferable that the partition formed inside the case be visually hidden from the outside. . For this purpose, a vertical line is placed parallel to and perpendicular to the side wall surface of the case on the part where the viewing window is formed in the side wall of the case. An extending support plate is provided. This support plate fits inside the case from the bottom edge. It extends only to the appropriate height necessary to support the bottle being placed. Sunawa The free end of the support plate is spaced apart from the upper gripping edge of the case. The support plate is this to hide the partitions in the case from the outside, or to close the gaps between the pins and bottles. It also provides a support surface for holding the bottle. For this purpose, the support plate must be kept taut. Partially close the gap between the bottle and the bottle so that the label on the neck of the bottle is not hidden from the outside. Preferably, it extends only to a height that covers the entire surface. Alternatively, attach the support plate to the case The bottom edge and the gripping edge are connected and extended, and the IQ works with the pillars at each corner to secure the case frame. Stability may be improved.

Furthermore, the support plate is integrally connected to the partition, and the partition is attached to the lattice-shaped bottom of the case frame. By integrally joining the parts, the support plate is joined to the entire case frame, The rigidity of the case is improved.

In addition, the pillars and support plates at each corner are hollow I! If formed into a shape with a li surface, the case can be formed. It is possible to further improve the stability or rigidity of. In this case, as explained in another embodiment of the invention By making the wall surface of the hollow member smooth, the problem of dirt adhesion is reduced. can.

In another embodiment of the invention, which is advantageous from a stability point of view, a A rim is formed. In this case the ridge is vertically extending over substantially the entire length of the column. Preferably, it extends. In addition, to increase the rigidity of the case, the walls of the support plate are corrugated. Preferably, it is formed from a plate material, particularly a trapezoidal corrugated plate material. Here, trapezoidal corrugated plate material and means a corrugated board whose top and bottom portions are trapezoidal. The above example is It has excellent stability and can be cleaned quickly, easily and completely if it gets dirty. It has the characteristics of being able to This means that the case has a raised edge or a corrugated or trapezoidal wave. When using shaped parts, dirt tends to accumulate unlike cases with ribbed parts.9 This is because a recess having an angle of 0° or less is not formed. Conventionally, such a recess It was difficult to remove the accumulated dirt even by crushing it vigorously.

If the pillars and support plates at each corner are formed into a hollow cross-sectional shape, these parts should be placed inside the case. From the viewpoint of stability, it is advantageous to form it so that it extends to the side as much as possible. Also, this The wall part that extends inside these parts is a bottle housed in a case. This has the advantage that it can also be used as a supporting surface.

The peephole is formed in the shape of a loop hole, which is connected to the adjacent corner support and support plate. Place the upper opposing side walls so that a loop-shaped opening is formed between the column and the support plate. This can be easily done by forming it diagonally. This loop-shaped opening is a part of the peephole. form, drawing the consumer's attention to the label on the bottle that is visible from the outside. This way In addition, the above configuration also contributes to the display function of the case.

Furthermore, the bottom edge and the gripping edge are formed into a U-shaped cross section with the folded portion on the right. It is also possible to further improve the stability of the case. In other words, in this case, the bottom edge and The gripping edge can be reinforced with links or ribs formed by connecting the U-shaped skin parts. I can do it. Furthermore, if the gripping edge is formed into an open U-shaped cross section like this, the bottom It is now possible to insert an insertion member with a rounded cross section into the side part from below, making it possible to This makes it easier to carry the case.

In addition, ribs with a rounded outer shape are formed at the upper and lower ends of the gripping edge. It is most advantageous if Such ribs have between them a label protected against the outside Define a carrying area. Such a label carrying area is formed recessed on the gripping edge. This prevents the label from slipping when pasting it.

To stack cases, use the bottom that is integrally formed with the lattice-like bottom part of the case bottom. Make the edge higher than the grid-like bottom part of the case bottom, and move the bottom edge and grip edge outward. It is advantageous to form them close together.

According to the present invention, in addition to using the side wall portion of the case as a viewing window, the side wall portion of the case is joined by a post at each corner to connect the upper gripping edge to the lower bottom edge, which in turn provides a vertical support. The stability of the case is increased because it has a structure that combines holding plates. Thus, the present invention In this case, the side walls of the case are effectively utilized. As a result of the above configuration, the present invention has a large viewing window. The depth can be made very large. In other words, the size of the peephole is within the case. It is restricted by support plates, cross beams, etc. that prevent the bottles stored in the only.

The practicality of the case is also shaped by the position of the gap between the bolts and the bottle. How to stack cases: One of the cases stacked on top is connected to the bottom case through the support plate. Safe stacking of cases in case of misalignment that is transmitted to the side walls of the It also depends on the plowing action of the support plate that provides the plowing. For this purpose, go to the bottom of the case. It is advantageous to form so-called stacking grooves. This stacking groove is located in the lower half of the support plate. The side walls of the lower case engage in this when the cases are stacked. Ke By configuring the base in the form of a rigid frame supported at the corners, the gripping edge, bottom edge The parts and supporting plates form very flat side walls, which are correspondingly less dirty and cleaner. Cleaning can be done easily and quickly. Furthermore, the case according to the present invention Not only is the wall used as a viewing window, but there are also separate It has the feature that display means can be installed and the wall of the case can be used efficiently. Ru. The invention thus provides sufficient stability of the case by simple and mutually compatible measures. This makes it possible to increase the size of the peephole while ensuring the same amount of time. For this reason, Even if a large viewing window is formed, the bottle will not fall, and the bottle will not fall under load. Excellent stacking properties are ensured even in this state. The case is highly stable, so use it as a case. It is not necessary to form ribs. In addition, the case can be manufactured without wasting materials. Can be formed with qualitatively flat sides and can be opened and cleaned easily. become capable.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

Figure 1 shows a flow IA of a bottle case according to the present invention together with a pin housed in the case. Figure 2 shows the same #IZ bottle case as Figure 1. A plan view including a partial cross section seen from above, Figure 3 is a side view of the case shown in Figure 1, looking at the short side, and Figure 4 is a side view of the case, looking at the long side of the case. ! ! A first view, FIG. 5 is a side view of a bottle case according to another embodiment, and FIG. 6 is a side view of a bottle case according to another embodiment. A side view looking at the short side of the case, and Figure 7 is a partially sectional plan view of the case shown in Figure 5. , FIG. 8 is a side view looking at the long side of a case according to another embodiment, and FIG. 9 is a side view of the case according to another embodiment. Figure 10 is a side view of the case shown in Figure 8, looking at the short side. Cross section cut in half at the corner, FIG. 11 is a side view of yet another case, looking at the long side.

The illustrated bottle case 1 has one peephole opened through each of the four side walls. It has window 2. Window 2: Inside the bottle case as clearly shown in Figure 1. Display bottle 3 contained in. As is clear from the figure, the side edge of window 2 is connected to the bottle cage. The upper and lower ends of the pillars 4 defining the corners of the case 1 extend laterally to the upper end of the case. The lower end of the case is defined by a gripping edge 5 extending in the direction and a bottom edge 6 extending in the same way. be done. In addition, the gripping edge 5 and the bottom edge 6 are attached to the case 1 along the four side walls of the case 1. It extends in a surrounding manner and is interconnected to each pillar 4 at four corners.

As a result, except for the corner support 4, the gripping edge, and roughly the bottom edge, the entire side wall is a display device. It becomes possible to use it effectively.

In addition to the rigid reinforcement, the illustrated embodiment also specifically holds the bottle 3 housed in the case 1. To prevent the bottles from falling out of the side wall opening, place a pin jumper as shown in Figure 1. A support Ffi7 is provided corresponding to or at the position of the gap between the two. support Since the holding plate 7 is formed to have a narrow width, the bottles contained in the case 1 are It is only partially hidden by the support plate 7. Here, the width of the support plate 7 is Although the area is narrowed, the area where the support plate covers the bottles prevents the bottles from falling through the display opening. The range is set so that the bottle can be held securely to prevent it from falling. Support plate 7 In the illustrated embodiment, two are provided on each side wall, and extend vertically toward the top of the case. However, it only extends over part of the height of the case. While the support plate 7 is The end 8 plays an important role in creating a visual indication on the plate with the lower end 9 of the gripping edge 5. form an interval. The height of the support plate 7 is substantially the same as that of the bottle 3 housed in the case 1. Retention is determined according to ability. In the illustrated example, the support plate 7 is approximately half the height of the bottle. It has a height.

As shown in Figure 1, the case 1 has a large viewing window 2, so it can be stored inside the case 1. The captured bottle 3 can be viewed unobstructed from the outside. This consumes The person can immediately see the label formed on the neck of the bottle and the side of the bottle. Wear. The part for identifying the contents of this bottle is provided by the case frame and support plate 7. It is never covered. In addition, the support plate 7 hides the partition wall that is essential inside the case. It is also used as a comb. As a result, the partitions are hidden outside. hidden from view.

The gripping edge 5 at the upper end of the case is formed at a height that makes it easy to grip when transporting the bottle case. . The height of the bottom edge 6 is selected so as to substantially hide only the bottom of the bottle without hiding the sides of the bottle. be done. In practice, the gripping edge and the bottom edge are several centimeters high. just These heights allow beverage product manufacturers to place further information or advertising on the bottom edge or on the grip. It may be varied depending on what is desired to be formed on the edge.

U-shaped gripping edge 5! ! ! ! io and 11 are links or ribs on the inner surface of the grip. These links or ribs reinforce the rigidity of the case frame. It will be done. These links or ribs are not visible from the outside and are not shown in the diagram. do not have. By forming the cross-sectional shape of the gripping edge 5 in this way, the gripping edge It becomes possible to grasp or grip with the bottom surface, and the consumer can grasp the gripping edge of such a cross section. Forming it in a designated position has the advantage that the bottle case can be easily transported.

On the outside of the gripping edge 5 are its upper and lower ends, as also shown in the illustrated embodiment. A rib 12 is formed which projects outwardly. This rib 12 is a portion surrounded by ribs. defines an inwardly recessed labeling area. By forming such ribs 12, This eliminates the possibility of the lifting platform label being affixed to wear out, and also prevents the case from being worn out. The label affixed to the gripping edge 5 is protected when transporting and stacking. It will be done. Rib 5 also features rounded outer corners to reinforce frame rigidity. It is advantageous. Additionally, ribs are placed along the gripping edge of the case to reinforce frame rigidity. Preferably, it extends around the

Referring to FIG. 4, the bottom edge 6 has a lattice-shaped bottom formed with a lattice designated by reference numeral 13. It is formed at a higher position than the surface part, and is also shifted outward from the lattice-like bottom part. It is formed. Also, it is integrated with the bottom edge 6 on the corner support '4 arranged at the corner. The gripping edge 5, which is connected to the bottom edge 5, forms substantially the same plane as the bottom edge 6. The result As a result, when the cases are stacked, the grid-like portion 13 on the bottom engages with the inside of the gripping edge 5. do. Therefore, in order to obtain lateral support when the cases are stacked, Obtains significant overlap between adjacent cases (if stacked directly). Of course it is necessary Other bottom configurations may be selected as required. However, adopting such a configuration The force is transferred through the bottom edge and the gripping edge, i.e. the corners provided for stability. Absorption becomes possible via the struts 4. Also, avoid stacking, especially if they are misaligned. Even in this case, it is useful to form a lattice-like bottom portion having the configuration shown in FIG.

In this case, a lattice-like bottom portion is formed by a wafer extending vertically on the bottom of the case below the support plate 7. A stack 113b defined by the tabs 13a is formed. This full 13b is Extends in the width direction of the case and parallel to the wall surface of the case. The case is on the side. If the lower case is stacked with Ru. As a result, in the stacked condition the force is transferred through the support plate onto the side wall of the lower case. transmitted directly.

As already explained, and as is particularly clearly shown in FIG. 2, the support plate 7 It may also form part of a partition indicated by reference numeral 14. This partition is integral at the node. It is formed by partition walls 15 configured to gather together. form a partition The partition wall 15 is formed integrally with the lattice bottom part like the support #fi, 7. is advantageous. As a result, the support plate 7 formed on the bottom edge 6 is connected to the partition wall 15 and It is connected to the case frame via the lattice-shaped bottom part to form a stable and highly rigid structure. to be accomplished. As shown in Figure 3, the height of part of the partition wall is limited; The spacing between adjacent pins is particularly small as a result of the placement of the bottles in the partition. This is especially noticeable when the area is small. When overhanging, at least the partition wall 15 Some extend substantially only over the bottom of the bottle and do not extend to the sides of the bottle. stomach.

In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 5, the support plate 7 has a hollow cross section similar to that of the corner support 4. , forming a flat outer surface. This makes the support plate 7 less likely to get dirty and makes cleaning easier. becomes easier. At the same time, the rigidity of the case frame is also improved by creating a hollow cross-sectional shape. do. Further, both the corner support 4 and the support plate 7 are formed to extend inward. As a result, both the corner supports and support plates are shown as 16 and 17 in Figure 2. Forms a supporting surface for bottles contained within such cases.

Moreover, as is clear from FIG. 2, the adjacent corner posts 4 and support plates 7 The side surfaces extend diagonally from the outer surface toward the inside of the case so as to converge, resulting in support. The part between the column and the support plate forms a loophole-like viewing window opening, The eye can be drawn to the bottle and the label formed on the bottle.

The cross-sectional shape of the support plate 7 formed along the long side of the case is substantially triangular, as shown in the figure. In the example shown, the vertices of the triangles are directed inward. In this case, both sides of the vertex The hypotenuses 18b and 18c serve as supporting surfaces and are part of the partition for holding the bottle. Configure. The side surface 18a of the support plate 7 includes the gripping edge and the bottom edge, as well as the side of the corner support 4. Together with the surface, it constitutes the outer wall of the case.

Preferably, the sides of these parts are substantially coplanar with each other.

The support plate 7 formed on the short side of the case in FIG. In an array, such a support plate only needs to support or hold one bottle. Therefore, the support plate formed on the long side of the case is deformed to have a half cross-sectional shape. It is.

The corner support 4 also has a hollow shape, and as shown in Fig. 2, there is a large hole inside the case. A relatively wide hollow cross-sectional shape that extends and contributes to supporting the bottles housed in the partition. has. By making the corner supports wide in this way, the inside of the case frame can be The support function of the pillars on the sides is properly demonstrated, and the process of molding the case cooling is accelerated. By forming the corner branch into a smooth surface shape, dirt does not accumulate easily. greatly reduced. Additionally, labels and advertising information may be attached to the corner posts 4. I can do it. A corner post joins a gripping edge and a bottom edge that extend along the case. The 71-norm shape is stable and rigid enough to accommodate large bottles. to be accomplished. As explained earlier, the gripping edge and the bottom edge are narrow band-shaped areas. It is formed by The distance between the gripping edge and the bottom edge is when the bottle is placed in the case. The neck of the bottle and the sides of the bottle, which are specifically labeled for display purposes, are not obscured. It is made to the size of a eel.

Figures 5, 6 and 7 show alternative bottle case embodiments. , in this example we have already Unlike the embodiment described above, the support 1ff7 extends continuously from the bottom edge 6 to the gripping edge 5. There is. In the illustrated embodiment, there are three consecutively extending supports along the longitudinal sides. A holding plate 7 is formed, and as a result, a total of 4 pieces are formed from top to bottom between the supporting columns 4 on both sides of the case. A continuously extending viewing window is defined.

At that time, the viewing windows are formed in the shape of a loop hole and lined up along the side wall inside the case. It becomes possible to see from the outside virtually all of the bottles in the container.

A vortex or four portions designated by reference numeral 13b are formed at the bottom of the case. These grooves or The four sections allow cases to be stacked offset and also transfer force to the lower case. This is advantageous for transmitting the signal to the support column 7.

FIG. 6 is a view of the case viewed from the short side, which has substantially no viewing window. child The case is formed with a cross beam capable of supporting an information display means as shown by reference numeral 19, As a result, the viewing window is sectioned off. Figure 6 shows the stacking groove formed on the bottom of the case. 13b is also shown.

FIG. 7 is a plan view of the case showing a cross section of the corner support and support plate in a hollow state. Also, This cross-sectional view also shows that the protective surfaces of these corner posts and support plates are housed inside the case. It also shows how it is adapted depending on the bottle. That is, in the above example case The corner posts and support plates provided to improve the rigidity of the case are housed inside the case. Holds bottles and provides very good protection against vibrations and falls.

FIGS. 8 to 10 show still another embodiment. In this embodiment, FIGS. 8 and 9 As shown in FIG. A viewing window is formed extending between the In this embodiment, especially the corner support 4 is vertically oriented. It is characterized in that the rigidity is reinforced by the ridge-shaped portion 19 extending in the direction. Figure 8 and As is clear from Figure 9, one ridge-like part extends between the upper case end and the lower case end. extend continuously. The cross section of such a ridge 19 is clearly shown in FIG. Ru. The support plate 7 of the case has a trapezoidal shape as clearly shown in Fig. 10. It has a wave-shaped cross section. In addition, FIG. 10 shows the support plate 7 and the partition wall 15 of the partition 14. It also shows the state of the bond. The support plate 7 has a trapezoidal edge cross section. In this case, each support plate 7 has a trapezoidal wave cross section as shown in FIG. It is formed into a shape resembling a trapezoid with no base. Such a configuration The holding plate 7 is very stable by being combined with the corner support 4 formed with a ridge-like part. Form the case. Vertical corner support 1 main 4 to hold bottles housed in the case The rim 20.21 and the support plate 7 extend towards the inside of the case and are housed 1; Define a corresponding contact surface.

FIG. 11 shows yet another embodiment of the case of the present invention. In this example, on the case Two viewing windows extending from the edge to the bottom edge and a larger central viewing window are formed. It will be done. The large central peephole is divided into three peepholes by a T-shaped plate 22. divided. Further, in this embodiment, one ridge-like portion is formed on the corner support 4. support The plate 7 is formed with a corrugated cross-section, which may be trapezoidal.

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Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. A stack especially made of plastic and with partitions for storing bottles inside. A raised case that surrounds the case and extends along the top edge of the case. The gripping edge (5) that extends along the lower edge of the case and the bottom edge (6) that extends along the lower edge of the case are joined together. a support post (4) forming a base frame, said post (4) having a bottom edge (6) and a gripping post (4); between the edges (5), other supports (4) or between bottles. A peephole is defined between the support plate (7) and the support plate (7) formed corresponding to the gap. A bottle case. 2. The side walls of the case each have a viewing window (2), the viewing window (2) having a corner at the side end. The strut (4) located at or the side edges are defined by corner posts and/or support plates, respectively. 2. A bottle case according to claim 1, further comprising a plurality of viewing windows. 3. The case frame is a vertically extending support plate (7) provided in the side wall of the case. The hinge case according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is reinforced by. 4. The vertically extending support plate (7) extends from the bottom edge (6) halfway through the side wall of the case. and be spaced apart from the gripping edge (5) of the upper edge of the case of the support plate. The bottle case according to claim 3, characterized in that: 5. The extending height of the support plate should be about half or two-thirds of the height of the case. The bottle case according to claim 4, characterized in that: 6. The vertically extending support plate (7) connects the gripping edge (5) and the bottom edge (6). 4. The drawer case according to claim 3, wherein the drawer case is extended. 7. The corner posts (4) and the support plates (7) have preferably smooth surfaces with a closed cross-section. characterized by forming a hollow member characterized by forming a hollow member A bottle case according to any one of claims 1 to 6. 8. The corner post (4) is defined by a wall that has a vertical axis along its entire length. The supporting plate (7) has a trapezoidal waveform or waveform. Any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it is defined by a wall surface that is The bottle case described in paragraph 1. 9. The corner struts (4) and the support plates (7) extend laterally toward the inside of the case. characterized in that it forms a support surface (16, 17) for supporting the bottle contained therein. A bottle case according to any one of claims 1 to 8. 10. Claim 8, characterized in that the support surface is adapted to the shape of the bottle. Bottle case. 11. Mutually opposite wall surfaces on the corner posts (4) and support plates (7) located adjacent to each other are formed at an angle to each other, so that there is a loop between the corner post and the support plate. One of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that a hole-shaped peephole is defined. A case as described in one or more of the following items. 12. The support plate (7) is characterized in that it is formed integrally with the partition (14). A bottle case according to any one of claims 9 to 11. 13. The support plate (7) is the space between the bottle and the bottle, in other words, the space between adjacent bottles in the case. Claim 1 characterized in that the bottle is formed at a position corresponding to a gap between the bottles. A bottle case according to any one of items 1 to 12. 14. There is a plate on the bottom of the case below the support plate (7) when the cases are stacked. A stacking groove is formed that engages with the upper end of the side wall of the side case, and the groove is connected to the upper end of the side wall of the case. and extending parallel to the width and length of the case. Bottle case. 15. The support plate (7) is formed with a triangular cross-sectional shape, and has a wall facing inside the case of the support surface. 15. The container according to claim 1, wherein the surface forms a holding surface for holding a bottle. A bottle case as described in any one of the following items. (18). The bottom edge (6) and/or gripping edge (5) extending around the case can be folded. Any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that it has a turned U-shaped cross section. The bottle case described in paragraph 1. 17. The gripping edge (5) and the bottom edge (6) connect their U-shaped legs (10, 11). Increased stiffness due to the formation of large and laterally spaced connecting webs The bottle case according to claim 12, characterized in that: 18. The upper and lower ends of the gripping edge (5) protrude outward along the gripping edge. Claims 1 to 17 characterized in that the ribs (11, 12) are formed to A bottle case described in any one of the following. 19. A bottom edge portion integrally extending around the lattice-shaped bottom portion (13) of the case (1) (13) is formed at a higher position than the lattice-like bottom part (13), and the bottom edge part (13) ) and the gripping edge (5) are formed outwardly. A bottle case according to any one of items 1 to 18. 20. In particular, one or more viewing windows formed on the short side of the case are divided by cross beams. The bottle according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the bottle is peeled. Case.