JPH01106781A - Reinforcing structure of synthetic resin shell plate member for vehicle - Google Patents
Reinforcing structure of synthetic resin shell plate member for vehicleInfo
- Publication number
- JPH01106781A JPH01106781A JP26475587A JP26475587A JPH01106781A JP H01106781 A JPH01106781 A JP H01106781A JP 26475587 A JP26475587 A JP 26475587A JP 26475587 A JP26475587 A JP 26475587A JP H01106781 A JPH01106781 A JP H01106781A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- vehicle
- outer panel
- front fender
- liquid crystal
- reinforcing member
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920000106 Liquid crystal polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004977 Liquid-crystal polymers (LCPs) Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000002952 polymeric resin Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- -1 aromatic diol Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006380 polyphenylene oxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
〔産業上の利用分野〕
本発明は、耐熱性と衝撃特性とを高度にバランスさせた
車両用合成樹脂製外板部材の補強構造に関するものであ
る。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Field of Industrial Application] The present invention relates to a reinforcing structure for a synthetic resin outer panel member for a vehicle that has a high balance between heat resistance and impact properties.
近年、車両の軽量化などの要求により、合成樹脂製材料
による車両用外板部材の開発が進められている。なかで
も、スチールと同様にオンライン塗装が可能な熱可塑性
樹脂の実用化が期待されている。In recent years, due to demands such as weight reduction of vehicles, development of vehicle outer panel members made of synthetic resin materials has been progressing. Among these, there are high hopes for the practical use of thermoplastic resins, which can be painted online in the same way as steel.
上記車両用外板部材には、約１６０℃〜１８０℃に耐え
得る耐熱性および衝撃特性（例えば衝撃吸収性）などが
要求される゛のであるが、合成樹脂製材料における上記
両性能は相反するものであるために、外板部材において
両性能を同時に満足させることは極めて困難である。す
なわち、外板部材の衝撃特性は合成樹脂製材料自体の衝
’ｌ性に大きく依存するために、耐熱性を重視した場合
には外板部材における衝撃特性を低下せざるを得ない。The above-mentioned vehicle outer panel members are required to have heat resistance that can withstand temperatures of about 160°C to 180°C and impact properties (for example, impact absorption), but these two properties of synthetic resin materials conflict with each other. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to simultaneously satisfy both performances in an outer panel member. That is, since the impact characteristics of the outer panel member largely depend on the impact resistance of the synthetic resin material itself, when emphasis is placed on heat resistance, the impact characteristics of the outer panel member must be reduced.
一方、衝撃特性を重視した場合には耐熱性が低下するた
め、第７図に示すように、例えば外板部材としてのフロ
ントフェンダ−１１の塗装焼き付は時に、その熱（約１
４０℃）に起因し、上記フロントフェンダ−１１の自重
による重力方向の“たれ”によってＡ部位には開くよう
な変形が、Ｂ部位には狭くなるような変形がそれぞれ生
起されることになる。On the other hand, when emphasis is placed on impact characteristics, heat resistance decreases, so as shown in FIG.
40° C.), the front fender 11 sag in the direction of gravity due to its own weight, causing an opening deformation in the A portion and a narrowing deformation in the B portion.
このため、・従来のフロントフェンダ−１１においては
、その衝撃特性を一定の水準に保つ一方、この衝撃特性
の一定水準確保により生じる塗装焼き付は時の変形を、
塗装治具を用いることにより防止していた。For this reason, while maintaining the impact characteristics of the conventional front fender 11 at a certain level, the paint burning caused by maintaining the impact characteristics at a certain level will cause deformation over time.
This was prevented by using a painting jig.
ところが、上記の塗装治具を使用すると、上記フロント
フェンダ−１１を車体に装着した状態のまま塗装するこ
とができず、塗装完了後に再び組み付けるなどの必要が
生じ、その結果、生産工程が複雑になるという問題を招
来していた。However, when the above painting jig is used, it is not possible to paint the front fender 11 while it is attached to the vehicle body, and it becomes necessary to reassemble the front fender 11 after painting is completed, which complicates the production process. This led to the problem of becoming.
また、上記の変形を防止するために、フロントフェンダ
−１１の内側に補強部材を付加することが考えられるが
（実開昭５９−３２５８０号公報および実開昭６０−１
５９６１８号公報参照）、かかる補強部材として鉄板な
どの剛体を使用した場合には、車両の衝突時などにフロ
ントフェンダ−１１に衝撃力が加わった際、上記剛体の
端面とフロントフェンダ−１１との境目部分において応
力集中が起こり、却って衝撃特性が低下されるという不
具合を招来する。Furthermore, in order to prevent the above deformation, it is conceivable to add a reinforcing member to the inside of the front fender 11 (see Utility Model Application No. 59-32580 and Utility Model Application No. 60-1
59618), if a rigid body such as a steel plate is used as such a reinforcing member, when an impact force is applied to the front fender 11 during a vehicle collision, the end face of the rigid body and the front fender 11 will be damaged. Stress concentration occurs at the boundary, which causes a problem in that the impact properties are deteriorated.
本発明に係る車両用合成樹脂製外板部材の補強構造は、
上記の問題点を解決するために、車両用合成樹脂製外板
部材の内側に液晶高分子樹脂からなる補強部材が密着状
態に配され、且つ、液晶高分子樹脂における分子配向方
向が上記外板部材の自重による変形方向に沿うように設
定されたことを特徴としている。The reinforcing structure of the synthetic resin outer panel member for vehicles according to the present invention is as follows:
In order to solve the above problems, a reinforcing member made of a liquid crystal polymer resin is disposed in close contact with the inside of a synthetic resin outer panel member for a vehicle, and the molecular orientation direction of the liquid crystal polymer resin is aligned with the outer panel member. It is characterized by being set along the direction of deformation due to the member's own weight.
上記の構成において、液晶高分子樹脂からなる補強部材
は、それ自体が比較的熱に強いものであり、また、その
分子配向方向に大きな曲げ弾性率を有し、この分子配向
方向を上記外板部材の自重による変形方向に沿わせて配
されるので、高熱環境下においても上記外板部材を充分
に支えることができ、外板部材がその自重によってたれ
て変形してしまうのを防止することができる。In the above configuration, the reinforcing member made of the liquid crystal polymer resin is itself relatively heat resistant, and also has a large bending modulus in the molecular orientation direction, and the reinforcing member made of the liquid crystal polymer resin has a large bending elastic modulus in the molecular orientation direction. Since it is arranged along the direction of deformation due to the member's own weight, it can sufficiently support the outer panel member even in a high temperature environment, and prevents the outer panel member from sagging and deforming due to its own weight. Can be done.
さらに、車両の衝突時などにおいて上記外板部材に比較
的弱い衝撃力が加わった際には、上記補強部材が剛体と
して機能するので外板部材が補強されることになる。一
方、外板部材に比較的強い衝撃力が加わった際、上記補
強部材にはその分子配向方向と直交する方向に応力が発
生するので、この補強部材は比較的簡単に破壊される。Furthermore, when a relatively weak impact force is applied to the outer panel member during a vehicle collision, the reinforcing member functions as a rigid body, so that the outer panel member is reinforced. On the other hand, when a relatively strong impact force is applied to the outer panel member, stress is generated in the reinforcing member in a direction perpendicular to the molecular orientation direction thereof, so that the reinforcing member is relatively easily destroyed.
これにより、外板部材は、その全体で衝撃を吸収するこ
とが可能となり、従来のように、補強部材の端面と外板
部材との境目部分において応力集中が起こって衝撃特性
が低下されるといった不具合を解消することができる。This makes it possible for the outer panel member to absorb shock throughout, and unlike conventional methods, stress concentration occurs at the boundary between the end face of the reinforcing member and the outer panel member, reducing the impact properties. Problems can be resolved.
本発明の一実施例を第１図ないし第６図に基づいて説明
すれば、以下の通りである。An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6.
本発明に係る車両用合成樹脂製外板部材の補強構造にお
いて、第２図に示すように、例えば、外板部材としての
フロントフェンダ−１の内側には、液晶高分子樹脂から
なる補強部材２が密着状態に配されており、且つ、第１
図に示すように、液晶高分子樹脂における分子配向方向
（図中、矢印Ｃ・・・にて示している）が上記フロント
フェンダ−１の自重による変形方向（この場合は上下方
向）に沿うように設定されている。これらフロントフェ
ンダ−１および補強部材２は、互いのフランジ部同士を
重ね合わされた状態でインナーパネル３のフランジ部に
ボルト４にて固着される。In the reinforcing structure for a synthetic resin outer panel member for a vehicle according to the present invention, as shown in FIG. are arranged in close contact with each other, and the first
As shown in the figure, the direction of molecular orientation in the liquid crystal polymer resin (indicated by arrow C... in the figure) is aligned with the direction of deformation of the front fender 1 due to its own weight (in this case, the vertical direction). is set to . The front fender 1 and the reinforcing member 2 are fixed to the flange portion of the inner panel 3 with bolts 4 with their flange portions overlapped with each other.
なお、上記インナーパネル３はスチールにて成形される
が、上記フロントフェンダ−１は車両の軽量化のために
、合成樹脂、例えば、ＰＰＯ（ポリフェニレンオキサイ
ド）とＰＡ（ポリアミド）とからなる樹脂にて形成され
ている。The inner panel 3 is made of steel, but the front fender 1 is made of synthetic resin, such as a resin made of PPO (polyphenylene oxide) and PA (polyamide), in order to reduce the weight of the vehicle. It is formed.
また、上記の液晶高分子樹脂というのは、溶けた状態に
おいでせん断力を与えると分子が容易に配向してそのま
ま固化する樹脂であり、配向方向Ｃには力学的高性能を
発揮する一方、この配向方向Ｃと直交する方向りには比
較的脆いという力学的異方性を有するものである。かか
る液晶高分子樹脂は芳香族ポリエステル系の材料からな
り、例えば、以下に示すように、パラオキシ安息香酸と
芳香族ジオールと芳香族ジカルボン酸との共重合体■や
、パラオキシ安息香酸とポリエチレンテレフタレートと
の共重合体■などがある。In addition, the above-mentioned liquid crystal polymer resin is a resin whose molecules easily align when shearing force is applied to it in a melted state and solidify as it is, and while it exhibits mechanical high performance in the orientation direction C, It has mechanical anisotropy in that it is relatively brittle in a direction perpendicular to this orientation direction C. Such liquid crystal polymer resins are made of aromatic polyester-based materials, such as copolymers of paraoxybenzoic acid, aromatic diol, and aromatic dicarboxylic acids, or copolymers of paraoxybenzoic acid and polyethylene terephthalate, as shown below. There are copolymers such as ■.
子）Ｃ干十
パラオキシ安息香酸
芳香族ジオール
七Ｃ（沢ｃｏ）−・・・・・・■
芳香族ジカルボン酸
モ十Ｃ干十
バラオキシ安息香酸
干ＣＨ２ＣＨ−０００（沢ｃｏｏ）・・・■ポリエチレ
ンテレフタレート
この種の液晶高分子樹脂における厚みと曲げ弾性率との
関係を示せば、第６図の通りである。配向方向とこの配
向方向に直交する方向（以下、単に直交方向と称する）
とにおける曲げ弾性率の差は、液晶高分子樹脂の厚みが
薄（なるほど大きくなるのであるが、本発明においては
上記曲げ弾性率の差（異方性）が成る程度以上必要とな
るので、厚みが５關以下の液晶高分子樹脂を補強部材と
するのが望ましい。勿論、上記の関係は液晶高分子樹脂
の種類によって異なるものであるから、これに応じて上
記液晶高分子樹脂の適性厚みも異なることになる。Child) C 10-paraoxybenzoic acid aromatic diol 7C (Sawa co) - ... ■ Aromatic dicarboxylic acid Mo 10 C 10-bara oxybenzoic acid dry CH2CH-000 (Sawa coo) ... ■ Polyethylene The relationship between thickness and flexural modulus of terephthalate in this type of liquid crystal polymer resin is shown in FIG. 6. The orientation direction and the direction perpendicular to this orientation direction (hereinafter simply referred to as the orthogonal direction)
The difference in flexural modulus between and It is desirable to use a liquid crystal polymer resin with a thickness of 5 or less as the reinforcing member.Of course, the above relationship differs depending on the type of liquid crystal polymer resin, so the appropriate thickness of the liquid crystal polymer resin should be determined accordingly. It will be different.
なお、配向方向および直交方向と、衝撃値との関係を以
下の第１表に示す。The relationship between the orientation direction and orthogonal direction and the impact value is shown in Table 1 below.
第１表
上記の構成によれば、第３図（ａ）に示すように、フロ
ントフェンダ−１の塗装焼き付は時、その熱（約１１０
’Ｃ）などに起因し、フロントフェンダ−１の自重によ
ってフロントフェンダ−１自体がたれて変形してしまう
のを防止することができる。すなわち、フロントフェン
ダ−１の内側に配された液晶高分子樹脂からなる補強部
材２は比較的熱に強く約３００〜３５０°Ｃに耐え得る
ものであり、また、その分子配向方向に大きな曲げ弾性
率を有しているので、上記フロントフェンダーｌを充分
に支えることができ、フロントフェンダ−１がたれて変
形するのを確実に防止することができるのである。Table 1 According to the above configuration, as shown in FIG.
It is possible to prevent the front fender 1 itself from sagging and deforming due to its own weight due to 'C). That is, the reinforcing member 2 made of liquid crystal polymer resin arranged inside the front fender 1 is relatively heat resistant and can withstand temperatures of about 300 to 350°C, and also has large bending elasticity in the direction of molecular orientation. Because of this, the front fender 1 can be sufficiently supported and the front fender 1 can be reliably prevented from sagging and deforming.
加えて、第４図に示すように、車両５が電信柱６に衝突
した場合において、上記フロントフェンダ−１に比較的
弱い衝撃力が加わった際には、第３図（ｂ）に示すよう
に、上記補強部材２が剛体として機能するのでフロント
フェンダ−１が補強される一方、フロントフェンダ−１
に比較的強い衝撃力が加わった際には、第５図に示すよ
うに、上記補強部材２にはその分子配向方向Ｃと直交す
る方向に応力が発生するために、第３図（Ｃ）に示すよ
うに、補強部材２が破壊されることになる。これにより
、フロントフェンダ−１はその全体で衝撃を吸収するこ
とが可能となり、従来のように、補強部材２の端面とフ
ロントフェンダ−１との境目部分において応力集中が起
こって衝撃特性（例えば衝撃吸収性）が低下されるとい
った不具合を解消することが可能となる。In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, when the vehicle 5 collides with the telephone pole 6 and a relatively weak impact force is applied to the front fender 1, as shown in FIG. 3(b), In addition, since the reinforcing member 2 functions as a rigid body, the front fender 1 is reinforced, while the front fender 1
When a relatively strong impact force is applied to the reinforcing member 2, stress is generated in the reinforcing member 2 in a direction perpendicular to the molecular orientation direction C, as shown in FIG. The reinforcing member 2 will be destroyed as shown in FIG. This makes it possible for the front fender 1 to absorb shock throughout its entirety, and unlike the conventional case, stress concentration occurs at the boundary between the end face of the reinforcing member 2 and the front fender 1, resulting in impact characteristics (for example, impact This makes it possible to eliminate problems such as a decrease in absorbency.
本発明に係る車両用合成樹脂製外板部材の補強構造は、
以上のように、車両用合成樹脂製外板部材の内側に液晶
高分子樹脂からなる補強部材が密着状態に配され、且つ
、液晶高分子樹脂における分子配向方向が上記外板部材
の自重による変形方向に沿うように設定された構成であ
る。The reinforcing structure of the synthetic resin outer panel member for vehicles according to the present invention is as follows:
As described above, a reinforcing member made of a liquid crystal polymer resin is disposed in close contact with the inside of a synthetic resin outer panel member for a vehicle, and the molecular orientation direction of the liquid crystal polymer resin is deformed by the weight of the outer panel member. The configuration is set along the direction.
これにより、外板部材の塗装焼き付は時の熱などに起因
し、外板部材の自重によって外板部材がたれて変形して
しまうのを防止することができる。さらに、車両の衝突
時などにおいて上記外板部材に比較的弱い衝撃力が加わ
った際には、上記補強部材が剛体として機能するので外
板部材が補強される一方、外板部材に比較的強い衝撃力
が加わった際には、上記補強部材は比較的簡単に破壊さ
れるので、外板部材がその全体で衝撃を吸収することが
可能になる。よって、従来のように、補強部材の端面と
外板部材との境目部分において応力集中が起こって衝撃
吸収性が低下されるといった不具合が解消できる。すな
わち、本発明に係る車両用合成樹脂製外板部材の補強構
造は、耐熱性と衝撃特性とを高度にバランスさせ得ると
いう効果を奏するものである。Thereby, it is possible to prevent paint burn-in on the outer panel member due to the heat of time, and to prevent the outer panel member from sagging and deforming due to its own weight. Furthermore, when a relatively weak impact force is applied to the outer panel member during a vehicle collision, etc., the reinforcing member functions as a rigid body, so the outer panel member is reinforced, while the outer panel member has a relatively strong impact force. When an impact force is applied, the reinforcing member is relatively easily destroyed, so that the entire outer panel member can absorb the impact. Therefore, it is possible to solve the conventional problem that stress concentration occurs at the boundary between the end face of the reinforcing member and the outer panel member, resulting in a decrease in shock absorbability. That is, the reinforcing structure for a synthetic resin outer panel member for a vehicle according to the present invention has the effect of achieving a high balance between heat resistance and impact characteristics.
第１図ないし第６図は本発明の一実施例を示すものであ
って、第１図は車両用合成樹脂製外板部材の補強構造を
示す斜視図、第２図はフロントフェンダ−の外観を示す
斜視図、第３図（ａ）は第２図におけるＸ−Ｘ矢視断面
図、同図（ｂ）はフロントフェンダ−が電信柱に軽く衝
突した状態を示す断面図、同図（Ｃ）はフロントフェン
ダ−が電信柱に強く衝突したために補強部材が破壊され
た状態を示す断面図、第４図は車両が電信柱に衝突した
状態を示す説明図、第５図は補強部材の配向方向と直交
する方向に応力が発生した状態を示す説明図、第６図は
液晶高分子樹脂における厚みと曲げ弾性率との関係を示
すグラフ、第７図は従来例を示すものであって高温環境
下で変形した状態を示す断面図である。
１はフロントフェンダ−１２は補強部材、３はインナー
パネル、５は車両である。
第１図
第２図
７、・２
第３図（ｂ） 第３図体）1 to 6 show one embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a reinforcing structure for a synthetic resin outer panel member for a vehicle, and FIG. 2 is an external view of a front fender. 3(a) is a sectional view taken along the line X-X in FIG. ) is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the reinforcing member was destroyed due to the strong collision of the front fender with a telephone pole, Figure 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the state in which the vehicle collided with a telephone pole, and Figure 5 is the orientation of the reinforcing member. Fig. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between thickness and flexural modulus of liquid crystal polymer resin, and Fig. 7 shows a conventional example, showing a state in which stress is generated in a direction perpendicular to the above direction. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a deformed state in an environment. 1 is a front fender, 12 is a reinforcing member, 3 is an inner panel, and 5 is a vehicle. Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 7, 2 Figure 3 (b) Figure 3)
Claims (1)
からなる補強部材が密着状態に配され、且つ、液晶高分
子樹脂における分子配向方向が上記外板部材の自重によ
る変形方向に沿うように設定されたことを特徴とする車
両用合成樹脂製外板部材の補強構造。1. A reinforcing member made of a liquid crystal polymer resin is placed in close contact with the inside of a synthetic resin outer panel member for a vehicle, and the direction of molecular orientation in the liquid crystal polymer resin is along the direction of deformation due to the weight of the outer panel member. A reinforcing structure for a synthetic resin outer panel member for a vehicle, characterized by being set as follows.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26475587A JPH01106781A (en) | 1987-10-20 | 1987-10-20 | Reinforcing structure of synthetic resin shell plate member for vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26475587A JPH01106781A (en) | 1987-10-20 | 1987-10-20 | Reinforcing structure of synthetic resin shell plate member for vehicle |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH01106781A true JPH01106781A (en) | 1989-04-24 |
Family
ID=17407735
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP26475587A Pending JPH01106781A (en) | 1987-10-20 | 1987-10-20 | Reinforcing structure of synthetic resin shell plate member for vehicle |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH01106781A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004231180A (en) * | 2003-01-29 | 2004-08-19 | Compagnie Plastic Omnium | Automobile fender having easy-to-break zone |
-
1987
- 1987-10-20 JP JP26475587A patent/JPH01106781A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004231180A (en) * | 2003-01-29 | 2004-08-19 | Compagnie Plastic Omnium | Automobile fender having easy-to-break zone |
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