JP7647125B2 - Exterior wall panels - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to an exterior wall panel in which a fiber-based coating material is fixed to a plate-shaped concrete panel.

In general, exterior wall panels with fire resistance made of lightweight aerated concrete panels are often made by increasing the thickness of the lightweight aerated concrete to increase the amount of reinforcing wire mesh or rebar embedded inside, or by fixing reinforcing frame materials to the back side of the exterior wall panel. However, these methods have low production efficiency because the arrangement of the wire mesh and rebar is complicated and fixing the reinforcing frame materials is time-consuming. Furthermore, the weight of the exterior wall panel itself increases, which reduces workability and has a detrimental effect on the structural calculations of the building itself. Therefore, inventions have been proposed that improve the fire resistance of exterior wall panels without changing the thickness or internal structure of the lightweight aerated concrete (for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).

The invention in Patent Document 1 describes a fire-resistant wall structure using lightweight aerated concrete panels as the exterior wall material, in which a felt-like insulating material is installed on the back side of the exterior wall material, and a similarly felt-like fire-resistant covering material is fixed to a pair of pillars located indoors from the exterior wall material and connected to each other by a lattice material. In this invention, the fire resistance of the exterior wall material can be improved by abutting the insulating material against the exterior wall material and stud-welding the fire-resistant covering material to each pillar material using a welding pin.

The invention in Patent Document 2 also discloses that a paint containing a component that absorbs or reflects radiant heat is applied to the surface of a lightweight aerated concrete panel used as an exterior wall material. The coating film formed by this paint can reduce the heat transmitted to the back surface of the lightweight aerated concrete when the surface of the lightweight aerated concrete is heated.

JP 2019-31807 A JP 2016-27238 A

However, in the structure described in Patent Document 1, the fireproof coating material is stud-welded only to the steel pillar material, and the insulation material is simply attached to the exterior wall material, which is lightweight aerated concrete. In addition, no specific method for fixing the insulation material is described, and there is a possibility that it will easily peel off if the exterior wall material behaves due to vibration. And while the lightweight aerated concrete described in Patent Document 2 has a simple structure, it is complicated to manage the amount of coating applied and the thickness of the coating, and there is a risk that the fireproof performance will easily decrease if the coating surface is damaged due to deterioration over time when used as an exterior wall material.

The present invention was made in consideration of the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide an exterior wall panel using lightweight aerated concrete that can be easily produced without increasing the thickness of the lightweight aerated concrete plate and has excellent fire resistance.

The first exterior wall panel of the present invention is characterized by comprising a plate-shaped concrete panel, a hat-shaped steel embedded in the concrete panel with a groove bottom plate protruding from the back surface of the concrete panel to the indoor side, a flexible fiber-based covering material that covers the back surface of the concrete panel and the exposed portion of the hat-shaped steel to the indoor side, and a fixing metal fitting that fixes the fiber-based covering material to the bottom plate from the indoor side.

The second exterior wall panel of the present invention is characterized in that the bottom plate of the hat-shaped steel is spaced from the back surface of the concrete panel, and the fixing metal fittings include a pressing metal fitting that presses the fiber-based coating material from the indoor side, and a fastener that is driven from the indoor side of the pressing metal fitting toward the bottom plate and fixes the fiber-based coating material to the bottom plate.

The third exterior wall panel of the present invention is characterized by comprising an insert nut that is disposed between a pair of side panels of the groove and is embedded in the concrete panel, with one axial end protruding from the rear surface of the concrete panel toward the indoor side, and a bolt that passes through the bottom plate from the outdoor side of the fiber-based covering material and from the indoor side of the bottom plate and is screwed into the insert nut.

The fourth exterior wall panel of the present invention is characterized in that the hat-shaped steel is installed at both horizontal ends of the concrete panel and extends vertically.

The fifth exterior wall panel of the present invention is characterized in that it is equipped with a locking fitting having a plate-shaped fixing part fixed to the indoor surface of the bottom plate and the upper end or lower end of the bottom plate, and a locking part that engages with a receiving fitting fixed to a steel beam material supporting the upper end or lower end of the concrete panel, the insert nut is disposed at least at the upper end and lower end of the concrete panel, and the fixing part is inserted by the bolt that is screwed into the insert nut located at the upper end or lower end of the concrete panel, and is fixed to the bottom plate.

According to the first exterior wall panel of the present invention, the bottom plate of the hat-shaped steel protrudes from the back surface of the concrete panel toward the indoor side, and the fiber-based covering material that covers the back surface of the concrete panel and the part of the hat-shaped steel exposed toward the indoor side is fixed to the bottom plate from the indoor side with fixing metal fittings. Therefore, by covering the back surface of the concrete panel with a fiber-based covering material such as rock wool, which has excellent fire resistance, the fire resistance of the exterior wall panel can be improved without increasing the thickness of the concrete panel, and the production efficiency of the exterior wall panel can be improved. And since the fiber-based covering material is fixed to the bottom plate by fixing metal fittings rather than just being abutted against the concrete panel, it is possible to prevent it from peeling off due to vibration of the concrete panel.

According to the second exterior wall panel of the present invention, the bottom plate is spaced from the back surface of the concrete panel, and the fiber-based covering material is fixed to the bottom plate by fasteners that are driven into the bottom plate from the indoor side. Therefore, there is no need to use special dedicated tools such as welding pins or welding machines to fix the fiber-based covering material to the bottom plate, and the production efficiency of the exterior wall panel can be improved.

According to the third exterior wall panel of the present invention, the insert nut is disposed between a pair of side panels of the groove and embedded in the concrete panel, with one axial end protruding from the rear surface of the concrete panel toward the indoor side, and the bolt is inserted through the bottom plate from the outdoor side of the fiber-based covering material and the indoor side of the bottom plate and screwed into the insert nut. Therefore, it is possible to effectively prevent the bending and behavior of the bottom plate, and to stably fix the fiber-based covering material to the bottom plate.

According to the fourth exterior wall panel of the present invention, hat-shaped steel is installed at both horizontal ends of the concrete panel and extends vertically. This effectively reinforces the strength of the concrete panel, resulting in an exterior wall panel with excellent wind resistance.

According to the fifth exterior wall panel of the present invention, the locking portion of the locking metal fitting is locked to a receiving metal fitting fixed to a steel beam supporting the upper or lower end of the concrete panel, so that the concrete panel can be installed on the steel beam. The fixing portion is inserted by a bolt screwed into an insert nut located at the upper or lower end of the concrete panel, and is fixed to the bottom plate. Therefore, the insert nut can be used not only to prevent the bottom plate from bending, but also when installing the exterior wall panel on the steel beam, improving convenience.

A cross-sectional view showing the exterior wall panel installed on the steel beams. A rear view of the exterior wall panel with some parts omitted. FIG. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 2 taken along line AA; FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 2 taken along line BB; 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line CC in FIG. 2 . 4A and 4B are side and front views showing a locking fitting. FIG. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of part D in FIG. A cross-sectional view showing the fire-resistant covering material fixed to the steel beam.

The best embodiment of the exterior wall panel of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The exterior wall panel of the present application is a curtain wall used mainly in buildings with steel frame rigid frame structures, and is used in cases where high fire resistance is required. Note that the "fixing device" in the present invention corresponds to the "screw 82" in this embodiment.

The exterior wall panel 1 shown in Figures 1 to 4 is an exterior wall material installed on the steel beam material X that constitutes the building body S, and includes a plate-shaped concrete panel 2, a hat-shaped steel 3 embedded in the concrete panel 2 with the bottom plate 31 of the groove 3a protruding from the back surface 2a of the concrete panel 2 to the interior side, an insert nut 4 embedded in the concrete panel 2 and placed in the groove 3a of the hat-shaped steel 3, a locking metal fitting 5 fixed to the hat-shaped steel 3 and locking the exterior wall panel 1 to the steel beam material X, a bolt 6 screwed into the insert nut 4, a fiber-based coating material 7 that covers the back surface 2a of the concrete panel 2 and the exposed parts of the hat-shaped steel 3 to the interior side, and a fixing metal fitting 8 that fixes the fiber-based coating material 7 to the hat-shaped steel 3.

As shown in Figures 3 and 4, the concrete panel 2 has a main body 21 made of lightweight aerated concrete molded to a uniform thickness, and a welded wire mesh 22 embedded inside the main body 21 to reinforce the strength of the main body 21. The main body 21 is a part that constitutes the exterior wall surface of the building, and its surface 2b is given a decorative finish. The welded wire mesh 22 is made of multiple vertical and horizontal lines made of iron wire welded together in a lattice pattern, and is positioned approximately in the horizontal center of the main body 21 and extends in the in-plane direction of the main body 21.

The dimensions of the concrete panel 2 are determined by the floor height and plan shape of the building body S on which the exterior wall panel 1 is installed, but for example, it can be formed with a width of about 100 mm to 1200 mm, a height of about 2000 mm to 3500 mm, and a plate thickness of about 45 mm. On the other hand, the welded wire mesh 22 is a wire mesh with vertical and horizontal meshes of about 50 mm, and the cover thickness from the top and bottom edges or each horizontal edge of the main body 21 is about 15 mm to 30 mm.

The hat-shaped steel 3 shown in Figures 2 to 4 is a shaped steel embedded in the main body 21 of the concrete panel 2 and extending vertically. It has a bottom plate 31 forming a groove 3a, a pair of side plates 32, and a pair of slats 33 extending from the outdoor edges of the pair of side plates 32 in a direction perpendicular to the pair of side plates 32 and in a direction opposite to the groove 3a. As shown in the figure, the hat-shaped steel 3 is disposed on the indoor side of the welded wire mesh 22, and is integrated with the concrete panel 2 by welding and fixing the pair of slats 33 to the welded wire mesh 22. The bottom plate 31 protrudes from the back surface 2a of the concrete panel 2 toward the indoor side and is spaced from the back surface 2a, and a bolt hole 31a for inserting the bolt 6 is formed at a position that coincides with the axis of the insert nut 4.

The dimensions of the hat steel 3 are not particularly limited, but for example, it is preferable that the width of the bottom plate 31 is about 65 mm, the width of each side plate 32 is about 40 mm, and the width of each slat 33 is about 20 mm. It is also desirable that the distance L1 from the back surface 2a to the indoor surface 31b of the bottom plate 31 is about 15 mm to 18 mm or less. As shown in the figure, the hat steel 3 is arranged at both horizontal ends 2c of one concrete panel 2, and the distance from each horizontal edge of the concrete panel 2 to the horizontal center of each hat steel 3 is about 100 mm to 150 mm. By arranging the hat steel 3 in this way, the strength of the concrete panel 2 can be reinforced, and an exterior wall panel 1 with excellent wind resistance can be obtained.

The insert nut 4 shown in Figures 3 and 4 is a member that is screwed onto the bolt 6 that passes through the bottom plate 31 of the hat steel 3, and is embedded in the main body 21 with its axial direction facing outward from the surface of the concrete panel 2, with one end 4a in the axial direction protruding from the back surface 2a of the concrete panel 2 to the indoor side. The insert nut 4 is also placed between a pair of side plates 32 of the hat steel 3, with the tip of one end 4a abutting the bottom plate 31 of the hat steel 3. Plate-shaped spring steel 9 is welded between the insert nut 4 and each side plate 32 to prevent the insert nut 4 from falling before the lightweight aerated concrete of the main body 21 is poured.

As shown in FIG. 3, the insert nuts 4 are arranged at the upper end 2d, the lower end 2e, and at approximately the center in the height direction of the concrete panel 2, and by screwing the bolts 6 into each insert nut 4, it is possible to prevent the hat steel 3 from being displaced due to bending or behavior. The insert nuts 4 located at the upper end 2d and the lower end 2e are installed at positions determined by the steel beam material X shown in FIG. 9, and the distance L2 from the axis of the insert nut 4 located at the upper end 2d to the lower end Xa of the steel beam material X can be set to about 50 mm to 150 mm, and the distance L3 from the axis of the insert nut 4 located at the lower end 2e to the upper end Xb of the steel beam material X can be set to about 50 mm to 150 mm. The concrete panel 2 is then formed by pouring lightweight aerated concrete with the hat steel 3 and the insert nuts 4 arranged in the predetermined positions.

6, 7, and 9, the locking fitting 5 is a member formed by bending a plate material, and is fixed to the bottom plate 31 by a bolt 6 screwed into an insert nut 4 located at the upper end 2d or the lower end 2e of the concrete panel 2. The locking fitting 5 has a plate-shaped fixing part 51 fixed to the indoor surface 31b of the bottom plate 31 and the upper end 31c or the lower end 31d of the bottom plate 31, and a locking part 52 formed by bending one end of the fixing part 51 in the vertical direction into a groove shape and locking to a receiving fitting Y fixed to a steel beam X. The fixing part 51 has a long hole 51a extending vertically at approximately the center in the width direction, and the bolt 6 can be inserted into this long hole 51a. The locking fitting 5 arranged on the upper end 31c of the bottom plate 31 is fixed to the bottom plate 31 with the locking portion 52 facing upward, and conversely, the locking fitting 5 arranged on the lower end 31d of the bottom plate 31 is fixed to the bottom plate 31 with the locking portion 52 facing downward.

The bolts 6 shown in Figures 4 and 6 are inserted through the bottom plate 31 or the fixing portion 51 of the locking fitting 5 and the bottom plate 31 from the indoor side before the fiber-based covering material 7 is installed on the bottom plate 31, and are screwed into each insert nut 4. On the other hand, the fiber-based covering material 7 is a member that is fixed to the bottom plate 31 after the bolts 6 and the locking fitting 5 are installed, and covers the entire exposed portion of the back surface 2a of the concrete panel 2 and the hat steel 3 on the indoor side, except for a part of the upper end and lower end of the exterior wall panel 1, as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The material of the fiber-based covering material 7 is felt-like rock wool, which is mainly composed of silicon dioxide and calcium oxide and has high fire resistance, or glass wool made of glass fibers with excellent heat insulation performance, and is used depending on the performance required for the exterior wall panel 1, but in either case it has flexibility that allows it to be easily bent and can be closely attached to the member to be installed. The thickness of the fiber-based coating material 7 varies depending on the required performance and the area where it is used, but for example, if the exterior wall panel 1 is to have a fire resistance of one hour, the fiber-based coating material 7 can be made of rock wool 20 mm thick for a concrete panel 2 with a plate thickness of 55 mm.

The fixing bracket 8 shown in Figures 5 and 8 is a bracket for fixing the fiber-based covering material 7 to the bottom plate 31 from the indoor side, and has a pressing bracket 81 that presses the fiber-based covering material 7 from the indoor side, and a screw 82 that is driven from the indoor side of the pressing bracket 81 toward the bottom plate 31 to fix the fiber-based covering material 7 to the bottom plate 31. As shown in the figure, the pressing bracket 81 is composed of a slightly elongated plate-shaped plate portion 81a and a plurality of pressing portions 81c that protrude from the longitudinal ends of both ends 81b in the short direction of the plate portion 81a in a direction perpendicular to the plate portion 81a and press the fiber-based covering material 7. The plate portion 81a has a screw hole 81d formed in the center of the plate surface through which the screw 82 is inserted, and four openings 81e formed around the screw hole 81d, and by providing these openings 81e, it is possible to reduce the heat of the pressing bracket 81 in the event of a fire. In addition, the distance L4 between adjacent clamping fixtures 81c in the longitudinal direction is set to a distance that allows the hat-shaped steel 3 exposed to the indoor side to be covered with a fiber-based covering material 7 and the covered portion to be spanned.

When fixing the fiber-based covering material 7 with the fixing bracket 8, after placing the fiber-based covering material 7 in a predetermined position, the plate portion 81a and the pressing portion 81c of the pressing bracket 81 are abutted against the fiber-based covering material 7 covering the bottom plate 31, and the screw 82 is driven into the screw hole 81d from the indoor side, penetrating the bottom plate 31 and fixing it. In this way, the fiber-based covering material 7 can be fixed to the bottom plate 31 just by fixing with a screw without using a special construction method or dedicated tool, which improves the production efficiency of the exterior wall panel. Note that in this embodiment, the screw 82 is used to fix the fiber-based covering material 7, but for example, a cutout may be formed in the bottom plate 31 in advance, and a fitting that fits into the cutout may be driven in from the outdoor side to fix it.

As shown in Figures 1 and 9, the upper and lower ends of the exterior wall panel 1 are installed on the steel beam material X that constitutes the building body S. The long steel beam material X made of H-shaped steel has brackets Y fixed to the upper surface X1a of the upper flange X1 and the lower surface X2a of the lower flange X2, which receive the upper and lower ends of the exterior wall panel 1. The brackets Y are made of a flat steel plate Y1 and a C-shaped steel Y2 that is installed near the outdoor edge of the steel plate Y1 and extends along the longitudinal direction of the steel beam material X, and the steel plate Y1 and the C-shaped steel Y2 are welded to each other. The C-shaped steel Y2 has a length approximately equal to the width of the exterior wall panel 1, and with the opening facing the indoor side, one side plate Y2b that constitutes the groove Y2a of the C-shaped steel is welded to the steel plate Y1. Additionally, the other side plate Y2c is formed to be shorter than the first side plate Y2b, allowing the locking portion 52 of the locking fitting 5 described above to be hooked onto it.

On the other hand, the steel plate Y1 is placed at both longitudinal ends of the C-shaped steel Y2 and fixed to the upper flange X1 or the lower flange X2 with bolts Z1 and nuts Z2. The steel plate Y1 fixed to the upper flange X1 has one end on the outdoor side that protrudes slightly outside beyond the back surface 2a of the concrete panel 2 so that it can receive the lower end 2f of the concrete panel 2. The steel plate Y1 fixed to the lower flange X2 has one end on the outdoor side that is located inside the back surface 2a of the concrete panel 2.

When installing the exterior wall panel 1 on the steel beam X, as shown in FIG. 9, the locking portion 52 of the locking fitting 5 located at the upper end 31c of the bottom plate 31 is hooked to the other side plate Y2c of the C-shaped steel Y2 located at the lower flange X2, and the locking portion 52 of the locking fitting 5 located at the lower end 31d of the bottom plate 31 is hooked to the other side plate Y2c of the C-shaped steel Y2 located at the upper flange X1. As shown in FIG. 10, the part of the steel beam X exposed to the indoor side and the exposed part between the lower flange X2 and the fiber-based coating material 7 are covered with a fire-resistant coating material 10 made of rock wool, and the gap between the floor slab F and the exterior wall panel 1 is filled with the fire-resistant coating material 10 and mortar material F1.

In this way, the exterior wall panel 1 of the present application can improve the fire resistance performance with a simple construction method while suppressing the plate thickness and weight of the concrete panel, thereby improving the production efficiency of the exterior wall panel 1. In addition, the exterior wall panel 1 can improve its fire resistance performance by the type of fiber-based covering material 7 combined with it, and can improve its wind resistance performance by the hat steel 3, so it can be used in fire prevention areas or semi-fire prevention areas under the Building Standards Act, or on floors three or higher. In addition, the fiber-based covering material 7 is not only abutted against the concrete panel 2, but is also fixed to the bottom plate 31 by the fixing bracket 8 with a screw, so that it can be prevented from peeling off due to the behavior of the concrete panel 2. Furthermore, the insert nut 4 not only prevents the hat steel 3 from bending, but can also be used when hanging the exterior wall panel 1 to the steel beam material X, improving convenience.

The embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, and can be modified as appropriate without departing from the scope of the concept of the present invention.

The truss structure of the present invention can be used effectively when forming a hipped roof for a wooden building.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 1 Exterior wall panel 2 Concrete panel 2b Back surface of concrete panel 2c Both ends in width direction of concrete panel 2d Upper end of concrete panel 2e Lower end of concrete panel 3 Hat steel 3a Groove of hat steel 31 Bottom plate 31b Indoor surface of bottom plate 31c Upper end of bottom plate 31d Lower end of bottom plate 32 Side plate 4 Insert nut 4a One end of insert nut in axial direction 5 Locking metal fitting 51 Fixing portion 52 Locking portion 6 Bolt 7 Fiber-based covering material 8 Fixing metal fitting 81 Clamping metal fitting 82 Screw (fixing device)
X Steel beam Y Bracket

Claims (5)

A concrete panel and
a hat-shaped steel embedded in the concrete panel, the bottom plate of the groove protruding from the back surface of the concrete panel toward the indoor side;
a flexible fiber-based covering material that covers the rear surface of the concrete panel and the portion of the hat steel that is exposed to the indoor side;
and a fastening metal fitting for fastening the fiber-based covering material to the bottom plate from the indoor side. The hat-shaped steel has a bottom plate spaced apart from the rear surface of the concrete panel,
The exterior wall panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixing metal fittings include a clamping metal fitting that presses the fiber-based covering material from the indoor side, and a fastener that is driven from the indoor side of the clamping metal fitting toward the bottom plate to fix the fiber-based covering material to the bottom plate. an insert nut disposed between a pair of side plates of the groove and embedded in the concrete panel, with one end in an axial direction protruding from a rear surface of the concrete panel toward the indoor side;
3. The exterior wall panel according to claim 1, further comprising: a bolt that is inserted through the bottom plate from the outdoor side relative to the fiber-based covering material and the indoor side relative to the bottom plate and is screwed into the insert nut. An exterior wall panel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the hat-shaped steel is installed at each of both horizontal ends of the concrete panel and extends vertically. The hat-shaped steel is installed at both ends of the concrete panel in the horizontal direction and extends in the vertical direction,
The concrete panel is then fitted with a support bracket, which has a plate-shaped fixing portion fixed to the indoor surface of the bottom plate and to the upper end or lower end of the bottom plate, and a locking portion which is engaged with a receiving bracket fixed to a steel beam material supporting the upper end or lower end of the concrete panel;
The insert nuts are disposed at least at the upper end and the lower end of the concrete panel;
4. The exterior wall panel according to claim 3 , wherein the fixing portion is inserted by the bolt screwed into the insert nut located at the upper end or lower end of the concrete panel, and fixed to the bottom plate.

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