JP7647092B2 - 半導体用接着剤、並びに、半導体装置及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
半導体用接着剤、並びに、半導体装置及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Description
[式(1-1)、(1-2)及び(1-3)中、R1は電子吸引性基を示し、R2は水素原子又は電子吸引性基を示し、R3は水素原子又は1価の有機基を示し、Xは酸素原子又は硫黄原子を示し、n1は0~15の整数を示し、n2及びn3はそれぞれ、n2+n3が2~15の整数となるように選ばれる1以上の整数を示し、mは1又は2を示す。なお、複数存在するR3は互いに同一でも異なっていてもよい。]
本実施形態の半導体用接着剤は、熱可塑性樹脂(以下、場合により「(a)成分」という。)、熱硬化性樹脂(以下、場合により「(b)成分」という。)、硬化剤(以下、場合により「(c)成分」という。)及び有機酸(以下、場合により「(d)成分」という。)を含有する。本実施形態の半導体用接着剤は、必要に応じて、フィラー(以下、場合により「(e)成分」という。)を含有していてもよい。
(a)成分としては、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、フェノキシ樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリカルボジイミド樹脂、シアネートエステル樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリエチレン樹脂、ポリエーテルスルホン樹脂、ポリエーテルイミド樹脂、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂、ウレタン樹脂及びアクリルゴムが挙げられる。これらの中でも耐熱性及びフィルム形成性に優れる観点から、フェノキシ樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、アクリル樹脂、アクリルゴム、シアネートエステル樹脂及びポリカルボジイミド樹脂が好ましく、フェノキシ樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂及びアクリル樹脂がより好ましい。これらの(a)成分は単独で使用することができ、2種以上の混合物又は共重合体として使用することもできる。
装置:HCL-8320GPC、UV-8320(製品名、東ソー株式会社製)、又はHPLC-8020(製品名、東ソー株式会社製)
カラム:TSKgel superMultiporeHZ-M×2、又は2pieces of GMHXL + 1piece of G-2000XL
検出器:RI又はUV検出器
カラム温度:25~40℃
溶離液:高分子成分が溶解する溶媒を選択する。溶媒としては、例えば、THF(テトラヒドロフラン)、DMF(N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド)、DMA(N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド)、NMP(N-メチルピロリドン)、トルエン等が挙げられる。なお、極性を有する溶剤を選択する場合は、リン酸の濃度を0.05~0.1mol/L(通常は0.06mol/L)、LiBrの濃度を0.5~1.0mol/L(通常は0.63mol/L)と調整してもよい。
流速:0.30~1.5mL/分
標準物質:ポリスチレン
(b)成分としては、分子内に2個以上の反応基を有するものであれば特に制限なく用いることができる。半導体用接着剤が熱硬化性樹脂を含有することで、加熱により接着剤が硬化することができ、硬化した接着剤が高い耐熱性とチップへの接着力を発現し、優れた耐リフロー性が得られる。
(c)成分は、後述する有機酸と塩を形成することができる硬化剤であってよい。(c)成分としては、例えば、アミン系硬化剤(アミン類)及びイミダゾール系硬化剤(イミダゾール類)が挙げられる。(c)成分がアミン系硬化剤又はイミダゾール系硬化剤を含むと、接続部に酸化膜が生じることを抑制するフラックス活性を示し、接続信頼性・絶縁信頼性を向上させることができる。また、(c)成分がアミン系硬化剤又はイミダゾール系硬化剤を含むと、保存安定性が一層向上し、吸湿による分解又は劣化が起こりにくくなる傾向がある。さらに、(c)成分がアミン系硬化剤又はイミダゾール系硬化剤を含むと、硬化速度の調整が容易となり、また、速硬化性により生産性向上を目的とした短時間接続の実現が容易となる。
アミン系硬化剤としては、例えばジシアンジアミドを使用することができる。
イミダゾール系硬化剤としては、例えば、2-フェニルイミダゾール、2-フェニル-4-メチルイミダゾール、1-ベンジル-2-メチルイミダゾール、1-ベンジル-2-フェニルイミダゾール、1-シアノエチル-2-ウンデシルイミダゾール、1-シアノ-2-フェニルイミダゾール、1-シアノエチル-2-ウンデシルイミダゾールトリメリテイト、1-シアノエチル-2-フェニルイミダゾリウムトリメリテイト、2,4-ジアミノ-6-[2’-メチルイミダゾリル-(1’)]-エチル-s-トリアジン、2,4-ジアミノ-6-[2’-ウンデシルイミダゾリル-(1’)]-エチル-s-トリアジン、2,4-ジアミノ-6-[2’-エチル-4’-メチルイミダゾリル-(1’)]-エチル-s-トリアジン、2,4-ジアミノ-6-[2’-メチルイミダゾリル-(1’)]-エチル-s-トリアジンイソシアヌル酸付加体、2-フェニルイミダゾールイソシアヌル酸付加体、2-フェニル-4,5-ジヒドロキシメチルイミダゾール、2-フェニル-4-メチル-5-ヒドロキシメチルイミダゾール、及び、エポキシ樹脂とイミダゾール類の付加体が挙げられる。これらの中でも、優れた硬化性、保存安定性及び接続信頼性の観点から、1-シアノエチル-2-ウンデシルイミダゾール、1-シアノ-2-フェニルイミダゾール、1-シアノエチル-2-ウンデシルイミダゾールトリメリテイト、1-シアノエチル-2-フェニルイミダゾリウムトリメリテイト、2,4-ジアミノ-6-[2’-メチルイミダゾリル-(1’)]-エチル-s-トリアジン、2,4-ジアミノ-6-[2’-エチル-4’-メチルイミダゾリル-(1’)]-エチル-s-トリアジン、2,4-ジアミノ-6-[2’-メチルイミダゾリル-(1’)]-エチル-s-トリアジンイソシアヌル酸付加体、2-フェニルイミダゾールイソシアヌル酸付加体、2-フェニル-4,5-ジヒドロキシメチルイミダゾール及び2-フェニル-4-メチル-5-ヒドロキシメチルイミダゾールが好ましい。これらは単独で又は2種以上を併用して用いることができる。また、これらをマイクロカプセル化した潜在性硬化剤としてもよい。
(d)成分は、有機酸である。半導体用接着剤が(d)成分を含むことで、接続部の金属の酸化膜、及び、OSP処理によるコーティングを除去できるため、優れた接続信頼性が得られやすい。
本実施形態の半導体用接着剤は、必要に応じて、フィラー((e)成分)を含有していてもよい。(e)成分によって、半導体用接着剤の粘度、半導体用接着剤の硬化物の物性等を制御することができる。具体的には、(e)成分によれば、例えば、接続時のボイド発生の抑制、半導体用接着剤の硬化物の吸湿率の低減、等を図ることができる。
本実施形態の半導体用接着剤には、酸化防止剤、シランカップリング剤、チタンカップリング剤、レベリング剤、イオントラップ剤等の添加剤を配合してもよい。これらは1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。これらの配合量については、各添加剤の効果が発現するように適宜調整すればよい。
本実施形態の半導体装置は、半導体チップ及び配線回路基板のそれぞれの接続部が互いに電気的に接続された半導体装置、又は、複数の半導体チップのそれぞれの接続部が互いに電気的に接続された半導体装置である。この半導体装置では、接続部の少なくとも一部が、常圧又は加圧雰囲気下で熱を加えて硬化された上記半導体用接着剤の硬化物によって封止されている。以下、図1、図2及び図3を参照して本実施形態の半導体装置について説明する。図1、図2及び図3は、それぞれ、後述する実施形態に係る方法によって製造され得る半導体装置の一実施形態を示す断面図である。
半導体装置の製造方法の一実施形態は、接続部を有する第一の部材と接続部を有する第二の部材とを、第一の部材の接続部と第二の部材の接続部とが対向配置されるように、半導体用接着剤を介して積層する積層工程と、当該半導体用接着剤を常圧又は加圧雰囲気下で熱を加えることにより硬化させ、硬化した半導体用接着剤により接続部の少なくとも一部を封止する封止工程と、を備える。ここで、第一の部材は、例えば、配線回路基板、半導体チップ又は半導体ウェハであり、第二の部材は半導体チップである。封止工程では、積層工程において得られた積層体を常圧又は加圧雰囲気下で対向配置された接続部の融点以上の温度に加熱することにより、対向配置された接続部同士を電気的に接続されるように接合する。
(a)成分:熱可塑性樹脂
・フェノキシ樹脂(新日鉄住金化学株式会社製、商品名「FX293」、Tg:約160℃、Mw:約40000)
・ポリウレタン(ディーアイシーコベストロポリマー株式会社製、商品名「T-8175N」、Tg:-23℃、Mw:120000)
・トリフェノールメタン骨格含有多官能固形エポキシ(三菱ケミカル株式会社製、商品名「EP1032H60」)
・ビスフェノールF型液状エポキシ(三菱ケミカル株式会社製、商品名「YL983U」)
・液状エポキシX(三菱ケミカル株式会社製、商品名「YX」)
・2,4-ジアミノ-6-[2’-メチルイミダゾリル-(1’)]-エチル-s-トリアジンイソシアヌル酸付加物(四国化成工業株式会社製、商品名「2MAOK-PW」、Mw:384)
・グルタル酸(富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社製、融点:98℃、Mw:132)
・ジグリコール酸(東京化成工業株式会社製、融点:144℃、Mw:134)
・2,2’-チオジグリコール酸(東京化成工業株式会社製、融点:131℃、Mw:150)
・α-ケトグルタル酸(富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社製、融点:118℃、Mw:146)
・ベンジル酸(富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社製、融点:152℃、Mw:228)
・メタクリル表面処理シリカフィラー(株式会社アドマテックス製、商品名「180nmSM-EH1」、平均粒径約180nm)
・シリカフィラー(株式会社アドマテックス製、商品名「SE2030」、平均粒径0.5μm)
・エポキシシラン表面処理シリカフィラー(株式会社アドマテックス製、商品名「SE2030-SEJ」、平均粒径0.5μm)
・メタクリル表面処理シリカフィラー(株式会社アドマテックス製、商品名「YA050C-SM1」、平均粒径約0.05μm)
装置名:HPLC-8020(製品名、東ソー株式会社製)
カラム:2pieces of GMHXL + 1piece of G-2000XL
検出器:RI検出器
カラム温度:35℃
流速:1mL/分
標準物質:ポリスチレン
表1に示す配合量(単位:質量部)の熱可塑性樹脂、熱硬化性樹脂、硬化剤、有機酸及びフィラーを、NV値([乾燥後の塗料分質量]/[乾燥前の塗料分質量]×100)が50%になるように有機溶媒(シクロヘキサノン)に添加した。その後、固形分(熱可塑性樹脂、熱硬化性樹脂、硬化剤、有機酸及びフィラー)の配合量と同質量のφ1.0mmのジルコニアビーズ及びφ2.0mmのジルコニアビーズを同容器内に加え、ボールミル(フリッチュ・ジャパン株式会社、遊星型微粉砕機P-7)で30分撹拌した。撹拌後、ジルコニアビーズをろ過によって除去し、塗工ワニスを作製した。
得られたフィルム状接着剤を、アルミパン(株式会社エポリードサービス製)に10mg秤量し、アルミ蓋を被せ、クリンパを用いて評価サンプルをサンプルパン内に密閉した。示差走査熱量計(Thermo plus DSC8235E、株式会社リガク製)を使用し、窒素雰囲気下、昇温速度10℃/min、測定温度範囲30~300℃で測定した。オンセット温度の解析手段としては、全面積(JIS法)の解析手法を用い、60℃~250℃の温度範囲で解析指示することにより、各DSC曲線におけるピークのベースラインと最大傾斜点の交点を算出し、オンセット温度(単位:℃)を求めた。一方、発熱量の解析手段としても同様に全面積(JIS法)の解析手法を用い、60℃~250℃の温度範囲で解析指示することにより、各DSC曲線におけるピークの積分を行うことで発熱量(単位:J/g)を算出した。
実施例及び比較例で得られたフィルム状接着剤(初期サンプル)を50℃に設定したオーブンに入れ、3時間の加熱処理を行った後さらに70℃に設定したオーブンに入れ、3時間の加熱処理を加えたサンプルを取り出し、熱処理後の評価サンプルAを得た。
反応率(%)=(初期発熱量-熱処理後発熱量)/初期発熱量×100
(仮圧着後の積層体C(仮固定体C)の作製)
上記実施例及び比較例で得られたフィルム状接着剤(初期サンプル)を、卓上ラミネータ(製品名:Hotdog GK-13DX、(株)ラミーコーポレーション製)を用いて膜厚40μmにした後、7.5mm四方サイズに切り抜き、これを複数のはんだバンプ付き半導体チップ(チップサイズ:7.3mm×7.3mm、厚さ0.1mm、バンプ(接続部)高さ:約45μm(銅ピラーとはんだの合計)、バンプ数:1048ピン、ピッチ80μm、製品名:WALTS-TEG CC80、株式会社ウォルツ製)上に80℃で貼付した。フィルム状接着剤が貼付された半導体用チップを、別の半導体チップ(チップサイズ:10mm×10mm、厚さ0.1mm、バンプ数:1048ピン、ピッチ80μm、製品名:WALTS-TEG IP80、株式会社ウォルツ製)に、フリップチップボンダー(FCB3、パナソニック株式会社製)で加熱及び加圧することにより順次圧着し、仮固定し、仮圧着後の積層体C(仮固定体C)を得た。圧着の条件は、130℃、75N、3秒とした。
超音波映像診断装置(製品名:Insight-300、インサイト株式会社製)により、上記評価用実装サンプルの外観画像を撮影した。
[測定条件]
プローブ周波数:180MHz
診断モード:Echo(パルス反射法)
(仮圧着後の積層体F(仮固定体F)の作製)
上記実施例及び比較例で得られたフィルム状接着剤(初期サンプル)を、卓上ラミネータ(製品名:Hotdog GK-13DX、(株)ラミーコーポレーション製)を用いて膜厚40μmにした後、7.5mm四方サイズに切り抜き、これを複数のはんだバンプ付き半導体チップ(チップサイズ:7.3mm×7.3mm、厚さ0.1mm、バンプ(接続部)高さ:約45μm(銅ピラーとはんだの合計)、バンプ数:1048ピン、ピッチ80μm、製品名:WALTS-TEG CC80、株式会社ウォルツ製)上に80℃で貼付した。フィルム状接着剤が貼付された半導体用チップを、別の半導体チップ(チップサイズ:10mm×10mm、厚さ0.1mm、バンプ数:1048ピン、ピッチ80μm、製品名:WALTS-TEG IP80、株式会社ウォルツ製)に、フリップチップボンダー(FCB3、パナソニック株式会社製)で加熱及び加圧することにより順次圧着し、仮固定し、仮圧着後の積層体F(仮固定体F)を得た。圧着の条件は、190℃/25N/10秒、260℃/25N/20秒、100℃/25N/5秒(各昇温時の設定昇温時間:0.1秒)と段階的に熱を掛けながら圧着した。
得られた評価用実装サンプルGについて、回路試験機(POCKET TESTER 4300 COUNT、CUSTOM製)を用いて、チップ内周の抵抗値を測定することにより、接続性を評価した。実装に用いた下チップ(チップサイズ:7.3mm×7.3mm、厚さ0.1mm、バンプ(接続部)高さ:約45μm(銅ピラーとはんだの合計)、バンプ数:1048ピン、ピッチ80μm、製品名:WALTS-TEG CC80、株式会社ウォルツ製)の回路図を図4に示す。この回路において図内の端子aと端子bの間の抵抗値がチップ内周の抵抗値となる。この抵抗値の値が35Ω未満であれば接続良好であることを示し、35Ω以上もしくは抵抗値が測定できない場合は接続不良であることを示す。
上記の評価用実装サンプルについて、接続部分のクラック確認と同様にSEMを用いて接続部の断面を観察し、Cu配線の上面に90%以上はんだが濡れている場合を「A」(良好)、はんだ濡れが90%より小さい場合を「B」(濡れ不足)として評価した。
Claims (11)
- 熱可塑性樹脂、熱硬化性樹脂、硬化剤、有機酸及びフィラーを含む半導体用接着剤であって、
前記有機酸は、酸性官能基を2個以上有する、酸解離定数pKaが4.0以下の化合物であり、
前記硬化剤に含まれる塩基性官能基に対する、前記有機酸に含まれる前記酸性官能基の当量比が1.0以上3.0以下である、半導体用接着剤。 - 前記酸性官能基が、カルボキシル基、スルホキシル基及びリン酸基からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種の基を含む、請求項1に記載の半導体用接着剤。
- 前記有機酸の融点が、50~250℃である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の半導体用接着剤。
- 前記硬化剤が、アミン系硬化剤を含む、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の半導体用接着剤。
- 前記硬化剤が、イミダゾール系硬化剤を含む、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の半導体用接着剤。
- 前記イミダゾール系硬化剤の構造が、トリアジン環を含む構造である、請求項6に記載の半導体用接着剤。
- 半導体チップ及び配線回路基板のそれぞれの接続部が互いに電気的に接続された半導体装置、又は、複数の半導体チップのそれぞれの接続部が互いに電気的に接続された半導体装置の製造方法であって、
請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の半導体用接着剤を、常圧又は加圧雰囲気下で熱を加えることにより硬化させ、硬化した前記半導体用接着剤により前記接続部の少なくとも一部を封止する封止工程を備える、半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記封止工程の前に、
ステージ上に複数の半導体チップを配置する工程と、
前記ステージを60~155℃に加熱しながら、前記ステージ上に配置された前記複数の半導体チップのそれぞれの上に、前記半導体用接着剤を介して他の半導体チップを順次配置し、前記半導体チップ、前記半導体用接着剤及び前記他の半導体チップがこの順に積層されてなる積層体を複数得る仮固定工程と、を更に備える、請求項8に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 前記封止工程の前に、
ステージ上に配線回路基板又は半導体ウェハを配置する工程と、
前記ステージを60~155℃に加熱しながら、前記ステージ上に配置された前記配線回路基板又は半導体ウェハの上に、前記半導体用接着剤を介して複数の半導体チップを順次配置し、前記配線回路基板、前記半導体用接着剤及び複数の前記半導体チップがこの順に積層されてなる積層体、又は、前記半導体ウェハ、前記半導体用接着剤及び複数の前記半導体チップがこの順に積層されてなる積層体を得る仮固定工程と、を更に備える、請求項8に記載の半導体装置の製造方法。 - 半導体チップ及び配線回路基板のそれぞれの接続部が互いに電気的に接続された半導体装置、又は、複数の半導体チップのそれぞれの接続部が互いに電気的に接続された半導体装置であって、前記接続部の少なくとも一部が、常圧又は加圧雰囲気下で熱を加えて硬化された請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の半導体用接着剤の硬化物によって封止されている、半導体装置。
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