JP7586774B2 - 負極活物質、負極及びリチウムイオン二次電池 - Google Patents
負極活物質、負極及びリチウムイオン二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7586774B2 JP7586774B2 JP2021095807A JP2021095807A JP7586774B2 JP 7586774 B2 JP7586774 B2 JP 7586774B2 JP 2021095807 A JP2021095807 A JP 2021095807A JP 2021095807 A JP2021095807 A JP 2021095807A JP 7586774 B2 JP7586774 B2 JP 7586774B2
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- negative electrode
- active material
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- silicon monoxide
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Images
Classifications
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Description
本発明の負極活物質は、一酸化珪素粒子を含む負極活物質である。さらに、当該一酸化珪素粒子は、レーザー回折法粒度分布測定装置で測定した体積基準分布において、以下の条件を満たす。
・累積0.1%粒子径D0.1が1.2μm≦D0.1≦3.0μm、
・累積10%粒子径D10が3.5μm≦D10≦7.0μm、
・累積50%粒子径D50が6.0μm≦D50≦15.0μm、
・累積99.9%粒子径D99.9が25.0μm≦D99.9≦50.0μm
さらに、本発明の負極活物質に含まれる一酸化珪素粒子は、BET比表面積Smが1.0m2/g≦Sm≦3.5m2/gを満たすものである。
・XRD:Bruker社 D8 ADVANCE
X線源はCu Kα線、Niフィルターを使用して,出力40kV/40mA、スリット幅0.3°、ステップ幅0.008°、1ステップあたり0.15秒の計数時間にて10-40°まで測定する。
上記負極活物質を用いて負極を作製する場合、さらにカーボンや黒鉛等の導電剤を添加することができる。この場合においても導電剤の種類は特に限定されず、構成された電池において、分解や変質を起こさない電子伝導性の材料であればよい。具体的にはAl,Ti,Fe,Ni,Cu,Zn,Ag,Sn,Si等の金属粒子や金属繊維又は天然黒鉛、人造黒鉛、各種のコークス粒子、メソフェーズ炭素、気相成長炭素繊維、ピッチ系炭素繊維、PAN系炭素繊維、各種の樹脂焼成体等の黒鉛を用いることができる。
リチウムイオン二次電池は、少なくとも、正極と、負極と、リチウムイオン導電性の非水電解質とを有するリチウムイオン二次電池であって、上記負極に、本発明に係る負極活物質が用いられたものである。本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池は、上記被覆粒子からなる負極活物質を用いた負極からなる点に特徴を有し、その他の正極、電解質、セパレータ等の材料及び電池形状等は公知のものを使用することができ、特に限定されない。上述のように、本発明の負極活物質は、リチウムイオン二次電池用の負極活物質として用いた場合の電池特性(充放電容量及びサイクル特性)が良好で、特にサイクル耐久性に優れたものである。
まず、二酸化珪素と金属珪素との混合物を加熱して生成した一酸化珪素ガスを冷却・析出することで、xがほぼ1.0の一酸化珪素(SiOx)を得た。次に、このSiOx(x=1.0)をジョークラッシャー(前川工業所製)で粗砕し、さらに、ボールミル(マキノ製)で15分間粉砕し、D50が100μmの一酸化珪素粒子を得た。この粒子をジェットミル(栗本鐵工所製KJ800)で、圧縮空気の圧力0.52MPa、分級機の回転数4,500rpmの条件で微粉砕し、サイクロンで回収した。この粒子をレーザー回折法粒度分布測定装置(島津製作所SALD-3100)で屈折率2.05-0.00iの条件で測定したところ、D0.1が1.2μm、D10が3.5μm、D50が7.9μm、D99.9が28.1μm、BET比表面積が2.9m2/gの一酸化珪素粒子であった。
次に、以下の方法で、得られた炭素被膜粒子を負極活物質として用いた電池評価を行った。
得られた電極を直径15mmに打ち抜き、セパレータを介してLi対極と向い合せ電解液注液後、2032コイン電池を作製した。
実施例1と同じSiOx(x=1.0)を同様にボールミルでD50を100μmにした。次のジェットミル工程で分級機の回転数、粉砕圧および雰囲気制御を行い、表1に示される粉体物性を有する一酸化珪素粒子を作製した。実施例1と同様の方法で、一酸化珪素粒子に炭素膜を被覆させて導電性粒子を作製し、得られた導電性粒子を用いて負極を作製し、電池評価を行った。
実施例1と同じSiOx(x=1.0)を同様にボールミルで100μmにした。次のジェットミル工程で分級機の圧縮空気の圧力0.52MPa、回転数を5000rpmの条件で微粉砕し、サイクロンで回収した。サイクロンで回収した粒子のD0.1が1.8μm、D10が4.5μm、D50が6.6μm、D99.9が18.9μm、BET比表面積が3.3m2/gの一酸化珪素粒子であった。実施例1と同様の方法で、一酸化珪素粒子に炭素膜を被覆させて導電性粒子を作製し、得られた導電性粒子を用いて負極を作製し、電池評価を行った。
実施例1と同じSiOx(x=1.0)を用いて30分間ボールミルで粉砕し、D50を20μmにした。次のジェットミル工程では、分級機の圧縮空気の圧力0.45MPa、回転数を5500rpmの条件で微粉砕し、サイクロンで回収した。サイクロンで回収した粒子のD0.1が0.4μm、D10が2.5μm、D50が5.8μm、D99.9が18.5μm、BET比表面積が3.7m2/gの一酸化珪素粒子であった。得られた一酸化珪素粒子に炭素膜を被覆し、D50が6.1μm、BET比表面積が3.2m2/g、黒色粒子に対する炭素被覆量3.5質量%の導電性粒子が得られた。得られた導電性粒子を用いて、実施例1と同様の方法で負極を作製し、電池評価を行った。
比較例2で得られた一酸化珪素粒子を用いることおよびメタン通気時間を7時間とすること以外は、実施例1と同様にして、導電性粒子を作製した。D50が6.0μm、BET比表面積が3.2m2/g、黒色粒子に対する炭素被覆量2.7質量%の導電性粒子が得られた。得られた導電性粒子を用いて、実施例1と同様の方法で負極を作製し、電池評価を行った。
実施例1で得られたD50が100μmのボールミル粉を用いて、ジェットミルで分級機の圧縮空気の圧力0.40MPa、回転数を2200rpmの条件で微粉砕し、サイクロンで回収した。サイクロンで回収した粒子のD0.1が3.5μm、D10が7.2μm、D50が18.9μm、D99.9が53.4μm、BET比表面積が1.3m2/gの一酸化珪素粒子であった。得られた一酸化珪素粒子に炭素膜を被覆し、D50が19.0μm、BET比表面積が1.2m2/g、黒色粒子に対する炭素被覆量2.0質量%の導電性粒子が得られた。得られた導電性粒子を用いて、実施例1と同様の方法で負極を作製し、電池評価を行った。
実施例1と同じSiOx(x=1.0)を用いてボールミルで1時間粉砕した。この一酸化珪素粒子はD0.1が0.3μm、D10が1.5μm、D50が9.1μm、D99.9が57.0μm、BET比表面積が2.8m2/gであった。ジェットミルによる微粉砕・分級操作をせずに、実施例1と同様に炭素膜を被覆し、D50が9.3μm、BET比表面積が2.5m2/g、黒色粒子に対する炭素被覆量3.1質量%の導電性粒子が得られた。得られた導電性粒子を用いて、実施例1と同様の方法で負極を作製し、電池評価を行った。
Claims (8)
- 一酸化珪素粒子を含み、電解液を用いた二次電池用の負極活物質であって、
前記一酸化珪素粒子は、レーザー回折法粒度分布測定装置で測定した体積基準分布において、
累積0.1%粒子径D0.1が1.2μm≦D0.1≦3.0μm、
累積10%粒子径D10が3.5μm≦D10≦7.0μm、
累積50%粒子径D50が6.0μm≦D50≦15.0μm、
累積99.9%粒子径D99.9が25.0μm≦D99.9≦50.0μm
を満たし、
前記一酸化珪素粒子は、BET比表面積Smが1.0m2/g≦Sm≦3.5m2/gを満たすものであることを特徴とする負極活物質。 - 前記累積0.1%粒子径D0.1が、2.0μm≦D0.1≦3.0μmを満たすものであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の負極活物質。
- 前記累積10%粒子径D10が、4.8μm≦D10≦7.0μmを満たすものであることを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2に記載の負極活物質。
- 前記累積50%粒子径D50が、8.0μm≦D50≦15.0μmを満たすものであることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の負極活物質。
- 前記BET比表面積Smが、1.0m2/g≦Sm≦2.2m2/gであることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の負極活物質。
- 前記一酸化珪素粒子が炭素被膜で被覆されたものであることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の負極活物質。
- 請求項1から請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の負極活物質を含むことを特徴とする負極。
- 請求項7に記載の負極と、正極と、セパレータと、前記電解液とを具備することを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池。
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WO2019078130A1 (ja) | 2017-10-19 | 2019-04-25 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | 全固体電池の製造方法 |
CN111969196A (zh) | 2020-08-05 | 2020-11-20 | 有研资源环境技术研究院(北京)有限公司 | 一种纳米片状氧化亚硅及其复合负极材料 |
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