JP7585783B2 - 希土類磁石及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
希土類磁石及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/047—Alloys characterised by their composition
- H01F1/053—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals
- H01F1/055—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5
- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
- H01F1/0571—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes
- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0286—Trimming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F41/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties
- H01F41/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets
- H01F41/0253—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets
- H01F41/0293—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing or assembling magnets, inductances or transformers; Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing materials characterised by their magnetic properties for manufacturing cores, coils, or magnets for manufacturing permanent magnets diffusion of rare earth elements, e.g. Tb, Dy or Ho, into permanent magnets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/247—Removing material: carving, cleaning, grinding, hobbing, honing, lapping, polishing, milling, shaving, skiving, turning the surface
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing Cores, Coils, And Magnets (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
Description
最初に、実施形態に係る希土類磁石の概略について、第1実施形態に係る希土類磁石を例示して説明する。図1(a)は、第1実施形態に係る希土類磁石を示す概略斜視図であり、図1(b)は、図1(a)に示す希土類磁石のA-A線に沿う概略断面図である。一方、図2(a)は、従来技術に係る希土類磁石を示す概略斜視図であり、図2(b)は、図2(a)に示す希土類磁石のA-A線に沿う概略断面図である。
磁石素体は、希土類元素R1、遷移金属元素T、及びホウ素Bを含有し、主相を含む希土類磁石素体であれば特に限定されないが、通常、主相と、主相を取り囲むように存在する副相とを含む。
希土類磁石は、上記磁石素体の上記加工面に設けられた希土類リッチ層をさらに備えるものが好ましい。磁石素体の加工面の表面部分の保磁力を回復し、希土類磁石の磁気特性を回復できる。
希土類磁石の用途は、特に限定されないが、希土類磁石としては、例えば、電気自動車(EV)やハイブリッド車(HV)等の電動車両に搭載される内磁型モータ(IPMモータ)等のモータ、ハードディスクドライブのアクチュエータ、携帯電話のモータなどに用いられるものが挙げられる。希土類磁石としては、中でも、電動車両に搭載されるモータに用いられるものが好ましい。
実施形態に係る希土類磁石の製造方法は、実施形態に係る希土類磁石を製造する方法であって、希土類元素R1、遷移金属元素T、及びホウ素Bを含有する原料粉末を、上記希土類磁石の上記磁石素体を作製するための形状に圧縮成形することにより成形体を得る成形工程と、上記成形体を焼結することにより焼結体を得る焼結工程と、上記焼結体の角部及びその近傍の余剰部分を除去加工することにより、上記磁石素体を作製する加工工程と、を備えることを特徴とする。
成形工程においては、希土類元素R1、遷移金属元素T、及びホウ素Bを含有する原料粉末を、上記希土類磁石の上記磁石素体を作製するための形状に圧縮成形することにより成形体を得る。
焼結工程においては、上記成形体を焼結することにより焼結体を得る。
加工工程においては、上記焼結体の角部及びその近傍の余剰部分を除去加工することにより、上記磁石素体を作製する。これにより、焼結体が除去加工されることで新たに露出する面が磁石素体の加工面となり、磁石素体の加工面以外の面が非加工面となる。
希土類磁石の製造方法は、上記磁石素体の加工面に希土類元素R2を含有する拡散材料を存在させた状態で熱処理を施す熱処理工程をさらに備えるものが好ましい。拡散材料から磁石素体の加工面の表面部分に希土類元素R2を拡散することにより、磁石素体の加工面の表面部分を改質し、希土類磁石の磁気特性を回復できるからである。
実施形態に係る希土類磁石の製造方法は、モータから上記「1.磁石素体」に記載の磁石素体を備える希土類磁石を回収する回収工程と、上記希土類磁石の上記磁石素体の上記加工面に希土類元素R2を含有する拡散材料を存在させた状態で熱処理を施す熱処理工程と、を備えるものでもよい。モータで使用されることで保磁力等の磁気特性が劣化した希土類磁石から磁気特性を回復させた希土類磁石を再生できるからである。
まず、Nd-Fe-B系磁石素体に成形する前の焼結体を準備した。次に、焼結体の全面を研磨することで、幅(W)が5mm、長さ(L)が20mm、高さ(H)が3mmの直方体の磁石素体を得た。これにより、全ての構成面の全体が除去加工された加工面となっている磁石素体を備える希土類磁石を作製した。
まず、参考例1で得た磁石素体を準備し、Ndを含有する合金の粉末中に磁石素体を配することで、磁石素体の全ての構成面の全体がNdを含有する合金の粉末中に配されるようにした。これにより、磁石素体の全ての構成面の全体にNdを含有する合金の粉末を含む拡散材料を存在させた。
参考例2の希土類磁石における磁石素体及び蒸着膜の処理後の層の境界部の断面をSEM(走査型電子顕微鏡)で観察した。これとともに、その断面の各位置のNd量をEPMA(電子線マイクロアナライザー)により測定した。図9は、参考例2の希土類磁石における磁石素体及び蒸着膜の処理後の層の境界部の断面のSEM画像及びNd量のEPMA像を示す図である。
参考例1及び2の希土類磁石について、逆磁界を印加し、その後に除去した場合のJ-H曲線を測定した。図10(a)は、J-H曲線の測定に使用した測定装置であるJIS C 2501に準じたB-Hカーブトレーサーを示す概略断面図であり、図10(b)は、J-H曲線の測定時における磁界を印加する手順を示すグラフである。
10 磁石素体
10a 主相粒子(主相)
10b 副相
10s 表面
12 構成面
12A 角部近傍の領域
12a 加工面(研磨面)
12a’ 加工面(切断面)
12B 中央の領域
12b 非加工面
14 角部
16 クラック
20 希土類リッチ層
40 拡散層
5 原料粉末
50 成形体
60 焼結体
60c 角部及びその近傍の余剰部分
30 拡散材料
Claims (5)
- 希土類元素R1、遷移金属元素T、及びホウ素Bを含有し、主相を含む磁石素体を備え、
前記磁石素体の形状は、6つの平坦な長方形の構成面を構成面とする直方体であり、
前記磁石素体の前記6つの平坦な長方形の構成面のうちの少なくとも2つの平坦な長方形の構成面のそれぞれにおける角部領域が除去加工された加工面であり、
前記角部領域が前記磁石素体の前記少なくとも2つの平坦な長方形の構成面が交差する部分であり、
前記磁石素体の前記少なくとも2つの平坦な長方形の構成面のそれぞれにおける前記角部領域よりも中央の中央領域が除去加工されていない非加工面であることを特徴とする希土類磁石。 - 前記磁石素体の前記加工面に設けられた希土類リッチ層をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の希土類磁石。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の希土類磁石を製造する方法であって、
希土類元素R1、遷移金属元素T、及びホウ素Bを含有する原料粉末を、前記希土類磁石の前記磁石素体を作製するための形状に圧縮成形することにより成形体を得る成形工程と、
前記成形体を焼結することにより焼結体を得る焼結工程と、
前記焼結体の角部及びその近傍の余剰部分を除去加工することにより、前記磁石素体を作製する加工工程と、
を備えることを特徴とする希土類磁石の製造方法。 - 前記磁石素体の加工面に希土類元素R2を含有する拡散材料を存在させた状態で熱処理を施す熱処理工程をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の希土類磁石の製造方法。
- モータから請求項1に記載の希土類磁石を回収する回収工程と、
前記希土類磁石の前記磁石素体の前記加工面に希土類元素R2を含有する拡散材料を存在させた状態で熱処理を施す熱処理工程と、
を備えることを特徴とする希土類磁石の製造方法。
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