JP7519559B1 - 空気分離装置、ならびに、液化酸素および液化窒素の製造方法 - Google Patents
空気分離装置、ならびに、液化酸素および液化窒素の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 387
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 36
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims description 36
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 36
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 39
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
- F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
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- F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
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- F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
- F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
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- F25J1/0045—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream
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- F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
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- F25J1/0224—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop
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- F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
- F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
- F25J1/0234—Integration with a cryogenic air separation unit
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
- F25J3/04218—Parallel arrangement of the main heat exchange line in cores having different functions, e.g. in low pressure and high pressure cores
- F25J3/04224—Cores associated with a liquefaction or refrigeration cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04254—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using the cold stored in external cryogenic fluids
- F25J3/0426—The cryogenic component does not participate in the fractionation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
- F25J3/04333—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
- F25J3/04351—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/044—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a single pressure main column system only
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04472—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the cold from cryogenic liquids produced within the air fractionation unit and stored in internal or intermediate storages
- F25J3/04496—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the cold from cryogenic liquids produced within the air fractionation unit and stored in internal or intermediate storages for compensating variable air feed or variable product demand by alternating between periods of liquid storage and liquid assist
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- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
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Abstract
Description
初めに本開示にかかる空気分離装置、ならびに、液化酸素および液化窒素の製造方法の概要を列挙して説明する。本開示に従う空気分離装置は、原料空気を圧縮する第1圧縮機と、前記第1圧縮機において圧縮された原料空気を冷却する第1熱交換器と、前記第1熱交換器を通った冷却原料空気が冷却原料空気導入配管を通じて導入される単式精留塔と、前記冷却原料空気から分離され、前記単式精留塔から取り出された窒素ガスを液化するための窒素液化部と、前記窒素液化部で液化された窒素を貯留する液化窒素貯槽と、を備える。前記第1熱交換器には、液化水素が流通する第1冷熱供給配管と、前記第1圧縮機において圧縮された圧縮原料空気が流通する原料空気配管と、が配設される。前記窒素液化部は、前記単式精留塔の頂部から取り出される窒素ガスを圧縮する第2圧縮機と、前記第2圧縮機で圧縮された窒素ガスを冷却する第2熱交換器と、を含む。前記第2熱交換器には、前記第2圧縮機において圧縮された圧縮窒素ガスが流通する窒素ガス配管と、液化水素が流通する第2冷熱供給配管と、が配設される。前記空気分離装置は、前記液化窒素貯槽と前記単式精留塔とに接続し、前記液化窒素貯槽から取り出される液化窒素を前記単式精留塔に窒素還流液として供給するための窒素還流配管を備える。
次に、本開示にかかる空気分離装置の具体的な実施の形態を、図面を参照しつつ説明する。以下の図面において、同一または相当する部分には同一の参照符号を付し、その説明は繰り返さない。なお、本明細書では、明細書において説明される空気分離方法の中で配管を通る流体の方向に基づいて配管の「上流側」、「下流側」と称するが、実際の運用において、流体の流通方向はこれに制限されない。
図1は、本開示にかかる実施の1形態である空気分離装置の配管系統を示す系統図である。空気分離装置1は、原料空気の取得部Sから原料空気を装置内に導入する。空気分離装置1は、第1圧縮機としての原料空気の圧縮機11と、第1熱交換器としての主熱交換器21と、単式精留塔である蒸留塔31と、窒素液化部40と、液化窒素貯槽51と、を備える。また、空気分離装置1は、液化水素の冷熱を供給および回収する、水素配管系統80を備える。
本開示にかかる液化酸素および液化窒素の製造方法は、上述の空気分離装置を利用して実施されうる。以下に、空気分離装置1を用いて本開示にかかる液化酸素および液化窒素の製造方法を実施する場合の一例を説明する。図2は、本開示にかかる実施の形態である液化酸素および液化窒素の製造方法の概要を示すフローチャートである。
80 水素配管系統、81、82、83、88 配管、84,85 流量調整弁、87 ポンプ。
Claims (7)
- 原料空気を圧縮する第1圧縮機と、
前記第1圧縮機において圧縮された原料空気を冷却する第1熱交換器と、
前記第1熱交換器を通った冷却原料空気が冷却原料空気導入配管を通じて導入される単式精留塔と、
前記冷却原料空気から分離され、前記単式精留塔から取り出された窒素ガスを液化するための窒素液化部と、
前記窒素液化部で液化された窒素を貯留する液化窒素貯槽と、
を備え、
前記第1熱交換器には、
液化水素が流通する第1冷熱供給配管と、
前記第1圧縮機において圧縮された圧縮原料空気が流通する原料空気配管と、
が配設され、
前記窒素液化部は、
前記単式精留塔の頂部から取り出される窒素ガスを圧縮する第2圧縮機と、
前記第2圧縮機で圧縮された窒素ガスを冷却する第2熱交換器と、
を含み、
前記第2熱交換器には、
前記第2圧縮機において圧縮された圧縮窒素ガスが流通する窒素ガス配管と、
液化水素が流通する第2冷熱供給配管と、
が配設され、
前記液化窒素貯槽と前記単式精留塔とに接続し、前記液化窒素貯槽から取り出される液化窒素を前記単式精留塔に窒素還流液として供給するための窒素還流配管を備え、
前記第1冷熱供給配管および前記第2冷熱供給配管は、液化水素供給配管からそれぞれ分岐して構成された配管であり、
前記第1冷熱供給配管および前記第2冷熱供給配管のそれぞれが水素ガス回収配管に接続する、
空気分離装置。 - 前記第1冷熱供給配管は、前記第1熱交換器の温端と前記水素ガス回収配管との間に第1流量調整弁を備え、
前記第2冷熱供給配管は、前記第2熱交換器の温端と前記水素ガス回収配管との間に第2流量調整弁を備える、
請求項1に記載の空気分離装置。 - 前記窒素還流配管に、前記液化窒素貯槽から取り出された液化窒素を送り出すポンプが備えられる、
請求項1または請求項2に記載の空気分離装置。 - 前記単式精留塔において、
前記単式精留塔における前記窒素還流配管の接続部よりも下部、かつ、前記単式精留塔における前記冷却原料空気導入配管の接続部よりも上部に、再生用空気を取り出すための再生用空気取り出し配管が接続している、
請求項1または請求項2に記載の空気分離装置。 - 請求項1に記載の空気分離装置において、
前記原料空気を前記第1圧縮機において50kPaG~70kPaGに昇圧する工程と、
前記第1熱交換器において冷却された、-183℃~-188℃、30kPaG~50kPaGである冷却原料空気を前記単式精留塔に導入する工程と、
前記単式精留塔において前記冷却原料空気から分離された窒素ガスを前記単式精留塔の頂部から取り出し、前記窒素液化部において窒素ガスを液化する窒素ガス液化工程と、
前記単式精留塔において前記冷却原料空気から分離された液化酸素を、前記単式精留塔の下部から取り出す液化酸素取り出し工程と、
を含む、
液化酸素および液化窒素の製造方法。 - 前記窒素液化部は、
前記単式精留塔の頂部から取り出される窒素ガスを圧縮する第2圧縮機と、
前記第2圧縮機で圧縮された窒素ガスを冷却する第2熱交換器と、
を含み、
前記第2熱交換器には、
前記第2圧縮機において圧縮された圧縮窒素ガスが流通する窒素ガス配管と、
液化水素が流通する第2冷熱供給配管と、
が配設され、
前記窒素ガス液化工程は、前記第2熱交換器において、前記圧縮窒素ガスを液化水素の冷熱で冷却するステップを含む、
請求項5に記載の液化酸素および液化窒素の製造方法。 - 前記空気分離装置は、前記液化窒素貯槽と前記単式精留塔とに接続し、前記液化窒素貯槽から取り出される液化窒素を前記単式精留塔に窒素還流液として供給するための窒素還流配管を備え、
前記製造方法は、前記液化窒素貯槽から取り出される液化窒素を前記単式精留塔に窒素還流液として供給する窒素還流液供給工程を含む、
請求項5または請求項6に記載の液化酸素および液化窒素の製造方法。
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