JP7387298B2 - 医用画像診断システムおよび医用画像診断装置 - Google Patents
医用画像診断システムおよび医用画像診断装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP7387298B2 JP7387298B2 JP2019096016A JP2019096016A JP7387298B2 JP 7387298 B2 JP7387298 B2 JP 7387298B2 JP 2019096016 A JP2019096016 A JP 2019096016A JP 2019096016 A JP2019096016 A JP 2019096016A JP 7387298 B2 JP7387298 B2 JP 7387298B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- medical image
- scan
- ivr
- image diagnostic
- function
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 70
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 140
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 56
- 238000002697 interventional radiology Methods 0.000 description 28
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 6
- 208000031481 Pathologic Constriction Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000037804 stenosis Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 230000036262 stenosis Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013170 computed tomography imaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002059 diagnostic imaging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037237 body shape Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005401 electroluminescence Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
- A61B6/032—Transmission computed tomography [CT]
- A61B6/035—Mechanical aspects of CT
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H30/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images
- G16H30/40—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images for processing medical images, e.g. editing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
- A61B6/032—Transmission computed tomography [CT]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/10—Safety means specially adapted therefor
- A61B6/102—Protection against mechanical damage, e.g. anti-collision devices
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/44—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4405—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis the apparatus being movable or portable, e.g. handheld or mounted on a trolley
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/44—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4417—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to combined acquisition of different diagnostic modalities
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/44—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4429—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units
- A61B6/4435—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units the source unit and the detector unit being coupled by a rigid structure
- A61B6/4441—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units the source unit and the detector unit being coupled by a rigid structure the rigid structure being a C-arm or U-arm
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H30/00—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images
- G16H30/20—ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images for handling medical images, e.g. DICOM, HL7 or PACS
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H40/00—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices
- G16H40/60—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices
- G16H40/63—ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for local operation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16H—HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA
- G16H50/00—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics
- G16H50/20—ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for computer-aided diagnosis, e.g. based on medical expert systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/44—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4429—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units
- A61B6/4464—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units the source unit or the detector unit being mounted to ceiling
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Primary Health Care (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- General Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
- Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
- Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
Description
X線高電圧装置14は、回転フレーム17に設けられてもよいし、架台装置10の固定フレーム(不図示)の側に設けられてもよい。
図8は、IVR-CT装置1を設置した室内(以下、撮影室)を模式的に示す図である。撮影室には、IVR-CT装置1の架台装置10、寝台装置30、IVR装置70、ディスプレイ42に加え、撮影に要する他装置(以下、他装置C)が配置される場合がある。また、撮影室には、被検体Pと操作者に加え、他の医療スタッフ(操作者の補助者など)が入室した状態で撮影が行われる。
また、動作予測機能51は、連続したタイミングで取得された複数の設置空間画像41-5に基づいて、干渉物となり得るものがあるか否かを予測してもよい。
図11は、IVR-CT装置1による撮影処理の流れの一例を示すフローチャートである。
図12は、IVR-CT装置1のうち、架台装置10に着目し、IVR装置70が干渉物となる場合の撮影処理の流れの一例を示すフローチャートである。
図13は、IVR-CT装置1による撮影処理の流れの他の一例を示すフローチャートである。図13に示すフローチャートの処理は、図11に示すフローチャートの処理と比較して、検出機能51-4による干渉物の予測能力がより高い場合を想定した例である。図13に示すステップS300~ステップS310は、図11に示すフローチャートのステップS100~ステップS110にそれぞれ対応するため、以下の説明においてはステップS312以降の処理の説明を中心に行う。
Claims (9)
- 床面を自走し、スキャノ撮影または本スキャン撮影を行う医用画像診断装置及び前記医用画像診断装置とともに利用されるIVR装置を備える医用画像診断システムであって、
前記医用画像診断装置で実行するスキャンプロトコルを取得する第1取得部と、
前記スキャンプロトコルに基づいて、前記医用画像診断装置及び前記IVR装置の移動範囲を特定する特定部と、
前記医用画像診断装置の移動範囲を含む領域における前記IVR装置の移動範囲の情報を取得する第2取得部と、
前記情報に基づいて、前記医用画像診断装置の移動範囲における前記IVR装置との干渉の発生を予測する検出部と、
を備える医用画像診断システム。 - 前記特定部は、前記スキャンプロトコルに含まれるスキャン範囲に関する情報に基づいて、前記移動範囲を特定する、
請求項1に記載の医用画像診断システム。 - 前記スキャン範囲は、スキャノ撮影時におけるスキャン範囲乃至は本スキャン撮影時におけるスキャン範囲である、
請求項2に記載の医用画像診断システム。 - 前記医用画像診断装置の移動範囲における前記IVR装置との干渉の発生が予測された場合に、警告情報を出力部に出力させる警告出力部を更に備える、
請求項1から3のうちいずれか1項に記載の医用画像診断システム。 - 前記検出部は、スキャン実行時及びスキャン実行後の医用画像診断装置のホームポジションへの退避時における前記移動範囲での干渉物の有無を予測する、
請求項1から4のうちいずれか1項に記載の医用画像診断システム。 - 前記特定部は、前記移動範囲に加えて当該移動範囲を前記医用画像診断装置が通過するタイミングを更に特定し、
前記検出部は、前記タイミングに基づいて前記移動範囲における前記IVR装置との干渉の発生の有無を予測する、
請求項1から5のうちいずれか1項に記載の医用画像診断システム。 - 前記第2取得部は、移動方向と直交する方向から観察した空間情報を取得する、
請求項1から6のうちいずれか1項に記載の医用画像診断システム。 - 前記本スキャン撮影は、前記医用画像診断装置が自走することで実行されるヘリカルスキャンまたはステップアンドシュートスキャンの形式で行われる、
請求項1から7のうちいずれか1項に記載の医用画像診断システム。 - 床面を自走し、スキャノ撮影または本スキャン撮影を行い、IVR装置とともに利用される医用画像診断装置であって、
スキャンプロトコルを取得する第1取得部と、
前記スキャンプロトコルに基づいて、前記医用画像診断装置及び前記IVR装置の移動範囲を特定する特定部と、
前記医用画像診断装置の移動範囲を少なくとも含む領域における前記IVR装置の情報に基づいて、前記医用画像診断装置の移動範囲における前記IVR装置との干渉の発生を予測する検出部と、
を備える医用画像診断装置。
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2019096016A JP7387298B2 (ja) | 2019-05-22 | 2019-05-22 | 医用画像診断システムおよび医用画像診断装置 |
US16/874,753 US11617547B2 (en) | 2019-05-22 | 2020-05-15 | Medical image diagnostic system and medical image diagnostic apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2019096016A JP7387298B2 (ja) | 2019-05-22 | 2019-05-22 | 医用画像診断システムおよび医用画像診断装置 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JP2020188953A JP2020188953A (ja) | 2020-11-26 |
JP7387298B2 true JP7387298B2 (ja) | 2023-11-28 |
Family
ID=73453080
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2019096016A Active JP7387298B2 (ja) | 2019-05-22 | 2019-05-22 | 医用画像診断システムおよび医用画像診断装置 |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11617547B2 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP7387298B2 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6738363B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-09 | 2020-08-12 | 浜松ホトニクス株式会社 | 画像取得システムおよび画像取得方法 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005130929A (ja) | 2003-10-28 | 2005-05-26 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Co Llc | 撮影装置 |
JP2009160270A (ja) | 2008-01-08 | 2009-07-23 | Toshiba Corp | X線ct装置、及びx線ct画像生成方法 |
JP2014151085A (ja) | 2013-02-12 | 2014-08-25 | Toshiba Corp | X線診断装置、及びx線診断装置の制御方法 |
JP2015213613A (ja) | 2014-05-09 | 2015-12-03 | 株式会社東芝 | X線ct装置 |
JP2017113083A (ja) | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-29 | 東芝メディカルシステムズ株式会社 | 医用画像診断装置 |
US20180168528A1 (en) | 2016-12-19 | 2018-06-21 | Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation | X-ray diagnostic apparatus, medical image diagnostic system and control method |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5743640B2 (ja) | 2011-03-29 | 2015-07-01 | 株式会社東芝 | X線撮影装置 |
-
2019
- 2019-05-22 JP JP2019096016A patent/JP7387298B2/ja active Active
-
2020
- 2020-05-15 US US16/874,753 patent/US11617547B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005130929A (ja) | 2003-10-28 | 2005-05-26 | Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Co Llc | 撮影装置 |
JP2009160270A (ja) | 2008-01-08 | 2009-07-23 | Toshiba Corp | X線ct装置、及びx線ct画像生成方法 |
JP2014151085A (ja) | 2013-02-12 | 2014-08-25 | Toshiba Corp | X線診断装置、及びx線診断装置の制御方法 |
JP2015213613A (ja) | 2014-05-09 | 2015-12-03 | 株式会社東芝 | X線ct装置 |
JP2017113083A (ja) | 2015-12-21 | 2017-06-29 | 東芝メディカルシステムズ株式会社 | 医用画像診断装置 |
US20180168528A1 (en) | 2016-12-19 | 2018-06-21 | Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation | X-ray diagnostic apparatus, medical image diagnostic system and control method |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2020188953A (ja) | 2020-11-26 |
US11617547B2 (en) | 2023-04-04 |
US20200367838A1 (en) | 2020-11-26 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP7488037B2 (ja) | 医用画像診断装置、医用画像診断方法、およびプログラム | |
US7502439B2 (en) | Radiographic apparatus and method of using the same | |
JP7387298B2 (ja) | 医用画像診断システムおよび医用画像診断装置 | |
JP2013063223A (ja) | X線ct装置、及び、放射線治療装置 | |
JP2021137259A (ja) | 医用診断システム、医用診断装置、および医用情報処理装置 | |
US20210393231A1 (en) | Medical image diagnostic system, medical image diagnostic method, input device, and display device | |
CN111973211B (zh) | 医用图像诊断装置 | |
JP7237741B2 (ja) | 医用画像診断装置 | |
JP7055709B2 (ja) | X線ct装置及び撮影計画装置 | |
JP7418950B2 (ja) | X線ct装置、撮影計画装置およびx線ct撮影方法 | |
US10806418B2 (en) | X-ray CT apparatus and imaging condition calculating method | |
US20240307014A1 (en) | Medical image diagnostic apparatus, medical image diagnostic method, and storage medium | |
JP7412952B2 (ja) | 医用画像診断装置 | |
JP7399780B2 (ja) | 医用画像診断装置 | |
JP7443591B2 (ja) | 医用画像診断装置、および医用画像診断方法 | |
JP7362259B2 (ja) | 医用画像診断装置、医用画像診断方法、および寝台装置 | |
JP7485574B2 (ja) | X線ct装置、x線ct装置の制御方法、およびプログラム | |
JP7224880B2 (ja) | X線撮影装置 | |
JP7140566B2 (ja) | X線ct装置及び撮影計画装置 | |
JP2022114281A (ja) | X線ct装置、x線ct装置の制御方法、およびプログラム | |
JP2020202889A (ja) | 医用画像診断装置 | |
JP2022178052A (ja) | X線ct装置、およびx線ct装置の制御方法 | |
JP2023157657A (ja) | 医用画像診断装置、端末装置、医用画像診断方法、及びプログラム | |
JP2021037148A (ja) | 医用画像診断装置、医用画像診断プログラムおよび撮影計画装置 | |
JP2021191402A (ja) | 画像処理装置、放射線画像撮影システム、画像処理方法、及び画像処理プログラム |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20220401 |
|
A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20230131 |
|
A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20230207 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20230410 |
|
A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20230613 |
|
A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20230912 |
|
A911 | Transfer to examiner for re-examination before appeal (zenchi) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A911 Effective date: 20230925 |
|
TRDD | Decision of grant or rejection written | ||
A01 | Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01 Effective date: 20231017 |
|
A61 | First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure) |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61 Effective date: 20231115 |
|
R150 | Certificate of patent or registration of utility model |
Ref document number: 7387298 Country of ref document: JP Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150 |