JP7366544B2 - 非経口投与用の生分解性ポリマーミクロスフェア組成物 - Google Patents
非経口投与用の生分解性ポリマーミクロスフェア組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7366544B2 JP7366544B2 JP2018556451A JP2018556451A JP7366544B2 JP 7366544 B2 JP7366544 B2 JP 7366544B2 JP 2018556451 A JP2018556451 A JP 2018556451A JP 2018556451 A JP2018556451 A JP 2018556451A JP 7366544 B2 JP7366544 B2 JP 7366544B2
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- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009885 systemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229960003604 testosterone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004308 thiabendazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004546 thiabendazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010296 thiabendazole Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiabendazole Chemical compound S1C=NC(C=2NC3=CC=CC=C3N=2)=C1 WJCNZQLZVWNLKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005053 tinidazole Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960005294 triamcinolone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GFNANZIMVAIWHM-OBYCQNJPSA-N triamcinolone Chemical compound O=C1C=C[C@]2(C)[C@@]3(F)[C@@H](O)C[C@](C)([C@@]([C@H](O)C4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 GFNANZIMVAIWHM-OBYCQNJPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- VMPHSYLJUKZBJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilaurin Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC VMPHSYLJUKZBJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
vf_CDM = η_inh_CDM * (f_CDM) / [η_inh_CDM * (f_CDM) + η_inh_Pol * (f_Pol)] * 100
に従って算出され、式中、vf_CDM=ポリマーマトリックス中のCDMの粘度画分;η_inh_CDM=CDMの固有粘度;η_inh_Pol=ポリマーの固有粘度、f_CDM=ポリマーマトリックス中のCDMの画分;及びf_Pol=ポリマーマトリックス中のポリマーの画分である、先行する実施形態のいずれかに記載の組成物。
生分解性ポリマーは、ポリエステルポリマーなどのバルク腐食性ポリマーとすることができる。
組成物は、生分解性ポリマー、活性成分、及びセルロース由来材料(CDM)を含むミクロスフェアを含み、ここでCDMのパーセントは、各ミクロスフェアの約0.5%~約6%w/wである。CDMは、セルロースエーテル又はセルロースエステルを含む。
vf_CDM = η_inh_CDM * (f_CDM) / [η_inh_CDM * (f_CDM) + η_inh_Pol * (f_Pol)] * 100
(式1)
に従って算出され、式中、vf_CDM=ポリマーマトリックス中のCDMの粘度画分;η_inh_CDM=CDMの固有粘度;η_inh_Pol=ポリマーの固有粘度、f_CDM=ポリマーマトリックス中のCDMの画分;及びf_Pol=ポリマーマトリックス中のポリマーの画分である。この式の使用が、特定のセルロース由来材料エチルセルロースについて実施例1により詳細に記載されている。
ヒト対象を含めて哺乳動物などの対象に薬理活性物質、すなわち治療剤又は診断剤を投与するために、本発明のPLA-、PLGA-ベース及び/又はポリ無水物-ベースのミクロスフェアに、事実上いかなる薬理活性物質もロードすることができる。本明細書に記載されるミクロスフェアは、ミクロスフェアが、例えば治療を必要とする対象内で又は抗寄生生物剤組成物の場合は標的寄生虫内で腐食するにつれて、治療剤を徐放する。
本発明の医薬組成物は、本明細書に記載されるミクロスフェア又は組成物、活性成分として治療剤を含み、薬学的に許容される担体及び/又は賦形剤若しくは溶媒などの希釈剤を含んでいてもよい。
実施例1~5及び13は、エチルセルロースが、特に高薬物ローディングでの製作時において単分散性ミクロスフェアサイズ変化をいかに改善するかを示す。エチルセルロースが含まれていないと、高薬物含有量により、製造時において小滴が硬化すること及びミクロスフェアが球形状を保持することが困難になる。水不溶性結合剤がポリマー鎖にインターカレートし、保形の助けとなると仮定される。乳化方法で使用される粒子サイズ分布がブロードであるので、他の技術は、タイトなサイズ分布を容易に達成することができない。低薬物ローディングで非常に小さい粒子を作製することができるものもあるが、その小さいサイズにおけるサイズ分布があまりにブロードであるので、全粘度及び流動性の観点から注入物(粒子+注入媒体)が再現よく行うことができない。精密粒子製作技術は、小さい粒子サイズを達成することができるので独特である。液滴サイズを制御することによって、精密粒子製作技術は、不十分な封入効率に関する問題を予想し、解決することができるが、他の技術ではできない。競合する製剤は、製造時において不十分なローディングを得る全く同じ理由(粒子サイズ全体の制御の欠如)で薬物バースト放出を示す。エチルセルロースが含まれていると、30%w/wを超える薬物ローディングで薬物バーストなしにタイトなサイズ分布を維持する点から、精密粒子製作の利点が増幅される。
実施例2~3は、エチルセルロースが、高ローディングでの製作時において薬物封入をいかに改善するかを示す。エチルセルロースが含まれていないと、ポリマーマトリックスは、特に薬物の水に対する溶解性が低い場合、硬化時において薬物を小滴内部に局在させる能力を維持しないこともある。水不溶性材料がポリマー鎖にインターカレートし、保形を助け、硬化中のポリマー小滴からの薬物の拡散を低減すると仮定される。さらに、エチルセルロースは極めて疎水性(すなわち、水不溶性)であるので、不連続-連続(小滴-水)相界面においてより少ない自由体積を占めることによって薬物漏出に対する障壁として働くことができる。
実施例5及び12は、エチルセルロースが、高温におけるミクロスフェア産生物の安定性をいかに改善するかを示す。多くの制御放出ポリマー及び薬物は、分解を防止するのに-20℃又はそれ以下の貯蔵温度を勧めた。ポリマーは、特に空気中の水分によってゆっくりと加水分解され、薬物は、酸化を含めて、いくつかの手段によって分解される。エチルセルロースが含まれていると、低貯蔵温度を共に勧めるポリマー及び薬物は、40℃及び75%RHで長期間安全に貯蔵することができ、(1)薬物分解を示さず、(2)再現性のある溶解反応速度、及び(3)ミクロスフェアの再現性のあるガラス転移温度(Tg)を示すことができ、熱イベントに対する耐性を示す。実施例5は、エチルセルロースを含める利点が、6%以下のエチルセルロース粘度画分において有利であることを示唆する。
実施例6~11は、本来のエチルセルロース粘度が、薬物放出速度を調整する能力をいかに有するかを際立たせている。場合によっては、エチルセルロースの粘度は、いかなる制御放出ポリマーの場合にもみられるのと同じように、薬物の放出速度に反比例する(より低い粘度又はより低い分子量は、より速い放出速度を実現し、より高い粘度又は分子量は、より遅い放出速度を実現する)。他の場合においては、この論理的な現象を観察することはできない。理論に拘泥するものではないが、ポリマー化学は、エチルセルロース及び別のポリマーからなる2成分系において放出速度の論理的調整を達成することができるかどうかに影響を及ぼすと推測される。実施例6~11は、一般に(1)グリコリド成分が含まれないポリマーでは、エチルセルロース粘度は、放出速度を変更することができるが、論理的で反比例するような変更ではなく、(2)グリコリド成分が含まれるポリマーでは、放出速度は、事実上エチルセルロース粘度に反比例することを示す。
[実施例]
以下のミクロスフェア製剤を、米国特許第6,669,961号、同第7,309,500号、及び同第7,368,130号に記載されている精密粒子製作技術で製造し、これらのすべては、参照により組み込まれている。この粒子作製技術は、エチルセルロースを含めることの利点を際立たせている。各製剤について(ポリマータイプ、ポリマー粘度、エチルセルロース粘度、エチルセルロース画分、エチルセルロース粘度画分、及び薬物ローディングを含めて)詳細を、下記の表1~13にまとめる。使用するポリマーの略語を表Aに列挙する。すべてのPLA及びPLGAの商業的供給源は、Evonik Industries社、Essen, Germanyであった。エチルセルロースは、Sigma Aldrich社、St. Louis, MOから供給された。ポリマーの組成的及び物理的特性は、製剤表の「ポリマー化学、co-ブロック比、ポリマー固有粘度」の欄に含まれ、エチルセルロースグレードは、同じ製剤表の「動粘度」の欄に含まれる。使用する薬物の特性を表Bに列挙する。
ミクロスフェアのサイズは、顕微鏡法又は粒子サイズ分析器により決定した。顕微鏡法により決定されたサイズの場合、ミクロスフェアの少(約2mg)試料をスライドガラスに載せ、湿らせて、粒子分散を促進した。スライドを顕微鏡対物レンズ下に置き、対ソフトウェアを用いて可視化した。ソフトウェアは、複数の倍率を使用して、外部のスケールバーで事前に較正した。ミクロスフェアの部分集合の直径をソフトウェアアルゴリズムで測定し、測定値を平均化することによって、粒子サイズを定量した。スライドガラス上にある間にミクロスフェアの静止画像を作成することによって、写真を撮った。粒子分析器を用いて決定されたサイズの場合、ミクロスフェアの少試料(約10mg)を等張液(約10mL)中に分散した。560マイクロメートルのアパーチャを設けたCoulter Multisizer M3のステージに、懸濁液を載せた。次いで、分析器ソフトウェアを使用して、懸濁液を採取し、体積に基づく曲線を作成し、粒子サイズの分布を典型的には30秒である測定時間内に表示した。
ミクロスフェアからの薬物放出を以下の一般手順に従って決定した。
η_inh = ln ( η_溶液 / η_溶媒) / c_溶液 (式2)
したがって、エチルセルロース単位自体の固有粘度は、η_inh=ln (22cP / 0.527 cP) / 5 g/dL = 0.746であると決定される。
vf_EC = η_inh_EC * (f_EC) / [η_inh_EC * (f_EC) + η_inh_PDLLG * (f_PDLLG)] * 100 (式3)
vf_EC = 0.746 dL/g * (0.0143) / [0.746 dL/g * (0.0143) + 0.4 dL/g * (0.9857)] * 100 = 2.63%、これは表1に反映されており、後続の実施例のために算出されている。
Claims (31)
- 非経口投与用の組成物であって、
複数のミクロスフェアを含み、各ミクロスフェアが、ポリマーマトリックス及び活性治療剤を含み、前記ポリマーマトリックスが、生分解性ポリマーと、エチルセルロースとの均質混合物を含み、前記生分解性ポリマーが、10,000ダルトンを超える分子量を有し、エチルセルロースのパーセントが、各ミクロスフェアの約0.5%~約6%w/wであり、エチルセルロースが、約0.1%~約5%の粘度画分を含み、前記生分解性ポリマーが、ポリラクチド及び/又はポリラクチド-co-グリコリドである、前記組成物。 - 生分解性ポリマーのパーセントが、各ミクロスフェアの約50%~約95%w/wである、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 生分解性ポリマーが、ポリ(D,L-ラクチド-co-グリコリド)及びポリ(L-ラクチド-co-グリコリド)からなる群から選択されるco-ブロックポリマーを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- co-ブロックポリマーが、ポリ(D,L-ラクチド-co-グリコリド)である、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- ラクチドのパーセントが、co-ブロックポリマーの約50%~約80%w/wであり、グリコリドのパーセントが、co-ブロックポリマーの約20%~約50%w/wである、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- co-ブロックポリマーが、ポリ(L-ラクチド-co-グリコリド)である、請求項3に記載の組成物。
- ラクチドのパーセントが、co-ブロックポリマーの約50%~約80%w/wであり、グリコリドのパーセントが、co-ブロックポリマーの約20%~約50%w/wである、請求項6に記載の組成物。
- 生分解性ポリマーが、ポリ(D,L-ラクチド-co-グリコリド)及びポリ(D,L-ラクチド)を含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 活性治療剤のパーセントが、各ミクロスフェアの約10%~約40%w/wである、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 活性治療剤が、インテグラーゼ阻害剤である、請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 活性治療剤が、抗寄生生物剤である、請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 活性治療剤が、ステロイドホルモンである、請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 活性治療剤が、ソマトスタチンアナログである、請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 活性治療剤が、ペプチドである、請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 活性治療剤が、1000ダルトン未満の分子量を有する有機化合物である、請求項9に記載の組成物。
- 複数のミクロスフェアが、水性担体に懸濁している、請求項1~15のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 複数のミクロスフェアが、非水性担体に懸濁している、請求項1~15のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- ゲルをさらに含み、複数のミクロスフェアが、前記ゲルに分散している、請求項1~15のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 複数のミクロスフェアの少なくとも90%が、約40μm~約70μmの粒子直径を有する、請求項1~15のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 複数のミクロスフェアの少なくとも90%が、約40μm~約60μmの粒子直径を有する、請求項1~15のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- ミクロスフェアの平均直径が、約40μm~約70μmである、請求項1~15のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- ミクロスフェアの平均直径が、約40μm~約60μmである、請求項1~15のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 薬学的に許容される担体、賦形剤又は希釈剤をさらに含む、請求項1~15のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- 非経口投与用に製剤化され、水性溶液及び/又は緩衝液をさらに含む、請求項23に記載の組成物。
- 医薬用界面活性剤をさらに含む、請求項23に記載の組成物。
- 凍害防御物質をさらに含む、請求項23に記載の組成物。
- 請求項1~26のいずれかに記載の組成物を含む、疾患又は病態を有する対象の治療剤。
- 対象が、治療の必要を示す疾患又は病態を有し、かつ、活性治療剤として、インテグラーゼ阻害剤、抗寄生生物剤、ステロイドホルモン、ソマトスタチンアナログ、ペプチド、又は1000ダルトン未満の分子量を有する有機化合物が非経口投与された対象である、請求項27に記載の治療剤。
- 生物分解性ポリマーが、ポリラクチドである、請求項1、2、及び9~26のいずれかに記載の組成物。
- ポリラクチドが、D-ラクチドとL-ラクチドとのラセミ混合物から調製されるポリ(D,L-ラクチド)、D-ラクチド富化ポリ(D,L-ラクチド)、L-ラクチド富化ポリ(D,L-ラクチド)、ポリL-ラクチド、ポリD-ラクチド、又はポリL-ラクチドのブロックとポリD,L-ラクチドのブロックとを含むコポリマーを含む、請求項29に記載の組成物。
- ポリラクチドが、ポリ(D,L-ラクチド)である、請求項29に記載の組成物。
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