JP7271832B2 - Fireproof structure - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to fire resistant structures.

Patent Literature 1 listed below discloses a structure in which a load-bearing portion made of wood is covered with a plurality of layers of wood to form a fireproof coating.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2018-91108

When the fireproof coating is made of wood as in Patent Document 1, the thickness of the coating layer increases. Moreover, even when the fireproof coating is formed of a single material such as a gypsum board, it is difficult to efficiently suppress the temperature rise of the fireproof object.

An object of the present invention is to provide a fire-resistant structure that can easily suppress a temperature rise of a fire-resistant object in consideration of the above facts.

The fire-resistant structure according to claim 1 includes an inner layer that covers a fire-resistant object and is fixed to the fire-resistant object with screws and is made of a material containing moisture; a steel plate fixed to the outside of the inner layer by a fixing member different from the screw; , wherein the steel plate is a corrugated steel plate in which concave portions and convex portions are alternately formed.
A fire-resistant structure of one aspect includes an inner layer covering a fire-resistant object and formed of a material with moisture, a steel plate disposed outside the inner layer, and the and a fire-resistant paint that is applied to the outside of the steel plate and is foamed by heat of a predetermined temperature or higher to form air bubbles.

According to the fire-resistant structure of claim 2 , the fire-resistant object is covered with the inner layer and the outer layer. Since the inner layer contains moisture, it absorbs the heat of vaporization when the temperature rises. In addition, the outer layer has air bubbles and thus has a heat insulating effect. Since the outer layer is held outside the inner layer by the holding mechanism, the inner layer is prevented from being exposed to an open flame and the temperature of the inner layer is increased. As a result, the time until the moisture in the inner layer is removed becomes longer, and the temperature rise of the refractory object is suppressed.

In one aspect of the fire-resistant structure, the outer layer is a fire-resistant paint or a fire-resistant sheet that is foamed by heat of a predetermined temperature or higher.

According to one aspect of the fire-resistant structure, the fire-resistant paint or the fire-resistant sheet is foamed by heat of a predetermined temperature or higher to exhibit a heat insulating effect. Therefore, the thickness of the refractory paint or refractory sheet at normal temperature can be made smaller compared to the case of using a material that is previously provided with air bubbles before being heated to a predetermined temperature or higher, and construction is easy.

In one aspect of the fireproof structure, the holding mechanism is a steel plate, and the fireproof paint is applied to the outside of the steel plate.

According to one aspect of the fire resistant structure, fire resistant paint is applied to the outside of the steel plate. Therefore, compared to the case where the fire-resistant paint is applied to the inside of the steel plate, the fire-resistant paint is exposed to direct fire in the event of a fire, so the temperature rises quickly and foams, and heat insulation performance can be obtained.

In one aspect of the refractory structure, the steel plate is a corrugated steel plate in which concave portions and convex portions are alternately formed.

According to one aspect of the refractory structure, the steel plate is a corrugated steel plate. For this reason, the fire-resistant paint after foaming bites into the concave portion and is suppressed from dropping. Therefore, it is easy to maintain heat insulating performance.

The fire-resistant structure according to claim 2 comprises: an inner layer covering a fire-resistant object, fixed to the fire-resistant object with screws, and formed of a material containing moisture; a spacer supported on the refractory object by a fixing member different from the screw; a steel plate fixed to the outer side of the inner layer via the spacer; and an inner side of the steel plate a fire-resistant paint that is applied to the inner layer and foams when heated to a predetermined temperature or higher, and a gap is formed between the inner layer and the fire-resistant paint via the spacer when the temperature is lower than the predetermined temperature.

According to the fire-resistant structure of claim 2 , the fire-resistant paint is applied to the inside of the steel plate. For this reason, the fire-resistant paint after foaming is suppressed from dropping to the outside of the steel plate. Moreover, since the gap is formed, when the fire-resistant paint foams, it can expand rapidly.

The fire-resistant structure of claim 3 includes an inner layer that covers a fire-resistant object and is formed of air mortar as a material containing moisture, and an inner layer that is arranged outside the air mortar and penetrates the air mortar to form the A steel plate supported by a fixed member supported by a refractory object and serving as a temporary mold for the air mortar; there is

According to the refractory structure of claim 3 , the inner layer is made of air mortar. Since air mortar has moisture, it absorbs the heat of vaporization when the temperature rises. A steel plate as a holding mechanism can be used as a formwork. That is, the steel plate can hold the inner and outer layers. For this reason, construction efficiency is higher than when there is no steel plate.
The fire-resistant structure of claim 4 is the fire-resistant structure of claim 2 , wherein the inner layer is deformable when in contact with the fire-resistant paint that foams and expands during a fire.
In one aspect of the fireproof structure, the fireproof object is a wooden floor board, a wooden wall material, or a seismic isolation device.

According to the fireproof structure of the present invention, it is easy to suppress the temperature rise of the fireproof object.

(A) is a cross-sectional elevational view showing a fire-resistant structure according to a first embodiment of the present invention, and (B) is a cross-sectional elevational view showing a state in which the outer layer of (A) is foamed and expanded. (A) is a vertical cross-sectional view showing a modification using a holding material having unevenness in the fireproof structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and (B) is a foamed outer layer of (A). It is an elevation sectional view showing an inflated state. FIG. 4 is an elevational cross-sectional view showing a modification using a material that foams at room temperature as the outer layer in the fire-resistant structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is an elevation cross-sectional view showing a fireproof structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention; (A) is a cross-sectional elevational view showing a modification using a fire-resistant paint instead of air mortar as an outer layer in the fire-resistant structure according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and (B) is an outer layer of (A). is a cross-sectional elevational view showing a state in which is foamed and expanded. FIG. 5 is an elevational cross-sectional view showing a modification using a rock wool mat as an inner layer in the fire-resistant structure according to the second embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional elevational view showing a fireproof structure according to a third embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is an elevation cross-sectional view showing a modification in which the fireproof object is a seismic isolation device in the fireproof structure according to the embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 4 is an elevation cross-sectional view showing a modification in which the inner layer is formed of air mortar in the fireproof structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention;

[First embodiment]
(fireproof structure)
As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the fire-resistant structure according to the first embodiment is a covering structure for a wooden floor slab 10 as a fire-resistant object. , a retaining material 30 arranged outside the inner layer 20 and an outer layer 40 retained outside the inner layer 20 by the retaining material 30 .

The inner layer 20 is a layer made of a material with moisture in an air-dried state. In this embodiment, the inner layer 20 is formed using gypsum board and is directly screwed to the wooden floor slab 10 . Alternatively, it is fixed to the wooden floor slab 10 with screws via rafters or the like.

The holding material 30 is an auxiliary member for holding the outer layer 40 to the outside of the inner layer 20, and is an example of a holding mechanism in the present invention. The holding member 30 is formed using a flat steel plate, is in contact with the inner layer 20, and is fixed with screws. A screw for fixing the holding material 30 to the inner layer 20 penetrates the inner layer 20 and is supported by the wooden floor slab 10 .

Note that the holding material 30 may be adhered to the inner layer 20 . In this case, it is preferable to use an adhesive that has a temperature characteristic that does not separate due to the weight of the holding material 30 when heated. Alternatively, adhesion and screw fixing may be used together. As the holding member 30, various metals such as a galvanized steel plate, an aluminum plate, and a copper plate can be used in addition to the steel plate.

The outer layer 40 is a layer formed of a material having bubbles at least at a predetermined temperature or higher, and is held outside the inner layer 20 via the holding material 30 . The outer layer 40 is formed using fire-resistant paint and applied to the outside of the holding material 30 .

Although the fire-resistant paint is not particularly limited, for example, an expandable acrylic resin paint or an ammonium polyphosphate-mixed expandable acrylic resin paint can be used. Also, the fire-resistant paint can be applied by spraying instead of brushing. Alternatively, the outer layer 40 may be pre-applied to the retaining material 30 and carried to the site.

Note that "predetermined temperature or higher" refers to a temperature of 100 degrees Celsius or higher at which the moisture carried on the inner layer 20 is vaporized by flame or heat. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1B, when the outer layer 40 is heated to 200 to 250 degrees Celsius or higher, it foams and increases in volume, and becomes a state with air bubbles. A material that foams at a low temperature of less than 200 degrees Celsius can also be used for the outer layer 40 .

Further, "outside of the inner layer 20" refers to the opposite side of the wooden floor slab 10, which is a fireproof object, viewed from the inner layer 20. As shown in FIG. For example, when the wooden floor slab 10 is above the inner layer 20 as shown in FIG. On the other hand, when the wooden floor slab 10 is below the inner layer 20 , the upper side of the inner layer 20 is the outside of the inner layer 20 .

(action/effect)
According to the fireproof structure according to the first embodiment, the wooden floor slab 10 as a fireproof object is covered with the inner layer 20 and the outer layer 40 . Since the gypsum board forming the inner layer 20 contains moisture, it absorbs the heat of vaporization when the temperature rises. Also, the outer layer 40 has air bubbles in the heated state and thus has a heat insulating effect. Since the outer layer 40 is held on the outside of the inner layer 20 by the holding material 30, the inner layer 20 is prevented from being exposed to direct fire and from being heated. As a result, the time required for the inner layer 20 to evaporate becomes longer, and the temperature of the wooden floor slab 10 is less likely to rise.

In addition, the fire-resistant paint forming the outer layer 40 foams when heated to a predetermined temperature (200 to 250 degrees) or higher to exhibit a heat insulating effect. Therefore, the thickness of the refractory paint at normal temperature can be reduced compared to the case of using a material having air bubbles in advance before it is heated to a predetermined temperature or higher (in a state of less than a predetermined temperature). Therefore, construction is easy.

In addition, the outer layer 40 is applied to the outer side of the holding member 30 formed of a steel plate. Therefore, the outer layer 40 is exposed to direct flame in the event of a fire. As a result, compared to the case where the outer layer 40 is applied to the inner side of the holding material 30 , the temperature of the outer layer 40 rises quickly and foams, so that heat insulating performance can be easily obtained.

(Modification)
In the first embodiment, the holding material 30 is formed using a flat steel plate, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a steel plate having unevenness may be used as the holding member 32 shown in FIG. 2(A). The holding member 32 is formed by alternately arranging concave portions 32A fixed to the inner layer 20 and convex portions 32B projecting in a direction away from the inner layer 20 .

By forming the holding material in this manner, as shown in FIG. 2(B), the outer layer 40 is foamed so that the portions applied to the mutually adjacent convex portions 32B fill the concave portions 32A. As a result, the outer layer 40 bites into the concave portion 32A and becomes difficult to separate from the holding material 32 . Note that the holding material 32 can also be applied to a second embodiment, which will be described later.

In addition, the holding member 32 having unevenness has higher rigidity than the flat holding member 30 . Therefore, the rigidity of the wooden floor slab 10 can be improved, and bending can be suppressed. In order to exhibit the effect of improving the rigidity of the holding material 32, it is preferable to use a hard gypsum board for forming the inner layer 20. FIG.

Moreover, in this embodiment, the fire-resistant paint is used as the outer layer 40, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a fireproof sheet obtained by processing a foam material into a sheet may also be used. When a fireproof sheet is used, it is easy to carry out on-site construction. In addition, for example, by bonding to the holding members 30 and 32 at the factory, on-site work can be reduced.

In addition, the outer layer in the present invention is a fire-resistant paint, a fire-resistant sheet, or the like that foams when heated, or foams at room temperature (unheated state) (for example, water glass-impregnated cork, spray lock, etc.). wool, etc.) may be used. In this case, for example, like the outer layer 42 shown in FIG. Although it is thicker, the dimensions are constant, so a stable heat insulating effect can be obtained.

In addition to the gypsum board, the inner layer in the present invention includes air mortar, calcium silicate board, precast concrete board, ALC board, water glass impregnated cork, and winding rock wool mat (for example, Makibee (registered trademark), etc.). , rock wool mat impregnated with water glass, sprayed rock wool, etc. can be used. That is, the inner layer may be a material that is air-dried and provided with moisture.

When air mortar is used as the inner layer, for example, as shown in FIG. 9, the inner layer 24 can be cast using the holding member 32 as a formwork. Air mortar is a material made by mixing air bubbles into slurry (muddy) mortar, and has more air bubbles and is lighter than ordinary mortar. It also contains water.

An outer layer 40 is applied to the outside of the retainer 32 . The holding member does not necessarily have to have irregularities, and for example, a flat holding member 30 (see FIG. 1) can be used in place of the holding member 32 . However, in order to suppress bending of the holding material due to the weight of the air mortar forming the inner layer 24, it is preferable to use the holding material 32 having irregularities. Moreover, by using the holding material 32, the holding performance of the outer layer 40 at the time of foaming is also improved. The size and pitch of the unevenness can be selected as appropriate.

In addition, in such a configuration using air mortar, the wooden floor slabs 10 can be constructed after placing the air mortar. Alternatively, the holding member 32 may be fixed to the wooden floor slab 10 using a spacer, and a flexible hose or the like may be inserted between the holding member 32 and the wooden floor slab 10 to cast air mortar.

In addition, the materials for forming the inner layer and the outer layer shown in the modified example can be appropriately applied to the second embodiment and the third embodiment which will be described later.

[Second embodiment]
(fireproof structure)
The fireproof structure according to the second embodiment, as shown in FIG. 50 and an outer layer 60 held outside the inner layer 20 by a retainer 50 .

In the fireproof structure according to the first embodiment, the outer layer 40 is arranged outside the holding material 30, whereas in the fireproof structure according to the second embodiment, the outer layer 60 is arranged inside the holding material 50. there is

The holding member 50 is formed using a steel plate similarly to the holding member 30 and is joined to the inner layer 20 via spacers 52 . Screws or bolts for fixing the spacers 52 to the inner layer 20 pass through the inner layer 20 and are supported by the wooden floor slab 10 . As the spacer 52, a long member such as a channel material, a ceiling base material made of lightweight steel, or a rib material formed of steel folded plates can be used.

The outer layer 60 is formed using air mortar and placed inside the holding material 50 , that is, between the inner layer 20 and the holding material 50 . Although the outer layer 60 shown in FIG. 4 is in contact with the inner layer 20, the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. can be placed as

(action/effect)
According to the fireproof structure according to the second embodiment, the outer layer 60 is made of air mortar. Air mortar contains more air bubbles than ordinary mortar and concrete. Therefore, it is easy to obtain a heat insulating effect. In addition, since the holding member 50 made of a steel plate can be used as a formwork, construction efficiency is high compared to the case where the holding member 50 is not provided. Furthermore, after the air mortar that forms the outer layer 60 has hardened, the holding material 50 prevents the air mortar from falling.

Further, in this embodiment, the holding material 50 is fixed to the inner layer 20 via spacers 52 . Therefore, the flexural rigidity of the holding member 50 is improved, and the occurrence of deflection due to the weight of the outer layer 60 can be suppressed.

(Modification)
Although air mortar is used as the outer layer 60 in the second embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. For example, like the outer layer 62 shown in FIG. 5A, the same foamable fire-resistant paint as the outer layer 40 (see FIG. 1) in the first embodiment may be used. In this case, for example, the holding material 50 pre-applied with fire-resistant paint as the outer layer 62 is fixed to the spacer 52 .

A portion C sandwiched between the spacer 52 and the holding member 50 in the outer layer 62 is difficult to expand even when heated, but as shown in FIG. A continuous bubble layer can be formed. Since the outer layer 62 is foamed above the holding material 50, it is prevented from falling. In addition, since a gap is formed between the outer layer 62 and the inner layer 20 before foaming, the outer layer 62 can quickly expand upward in the event of a fire.

In addition, in this embodiment, the same material as in the first embodiment can be used as the inner layer 20, but a wound rock wool mat, a water glass-impregnated wound rock wool mat, a spray rock It is preferable to use a deformable material such as wool.

For example, FIG. 6 shows an inner layer 22 formed using a wrapped rock wool mat. The inner layer 22 is spread between support bolts 52A that are fixed to the wooden floor slab 10 and support the spacers 52. As shown in FIG. Also, the outer layer 62 is formed of fire-resistant paint.

Thus, by forming the inner layer 22 from a deformable material, the inner layer 22 can appropriately deform when the foamed and expanded outer layer 62 comes into contact with the inner layer 22 in the event of a fire. This facilitates the heat insulating performance of the outer layer 62 to be exhibited. In addition, since the moisture content of the inner layer 22 changes little due to compression deformation, the effect of absorbing heat of vaporization is less likely to be reduced.

[Third embodiment]
(fireproof structure)
In the fireproof structure according to the third embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the retaining material 70 is arranged inside the outer layer 80 . The retainer 70 is a steel lath mesh secured to the inner layer 20 and the outer layer 80 is fire resistant paint.

(action/effect)
According to the fire-resistant structure according to the third embodiment, the outer layer 80 is exposed to direct flame in case of fire. As a result, compared to the case where the outer layer 80 is applied to the inner side of the holding member made of steel plate, for example, the temperature of the outer layer 80 rises quickly and the outer layer 80 foams, so that heat insulating performance can be easily obtained.

Further, the outer layer 80 is held by a holding material 70 formed of lath netting. For this reason, compared with the case where the fire-resistant paint is applied to the outside of the steel plate holding member, the holding force is high, and the thickness of the outer layer 80 can be increased. This improves the heat insulation performance.

In each of the embodiments described above, the wooden floor slab 10 is used as the fireproof object, but the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the fireproof object can be a wooden wall material or the like in addition to the wooden floor slab 10 . In addition, as materials for forming the refractory object, in addition to organic materials such as CFRP and GFRP, metallic materials such as H-section steel can be used. In other words, all structures that need to ensure proof strength for a predetermined period of time in the event of a fire can be treated as fire-resistant objects.

For example, FIG. 8 shows a seismic isolation device 90 as a fireproof object. A fireproof structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention is constructed around the seismic isolation device 90 . Specifically, a base material 92 is assembled using, for example, a lightweight steel frame at a position separated from the seismic isolation device 90 , and the inner layer 20 is fixed to this base material 92 . A retainer 30 and an outer layer 40 are fixed in order to the outside of the inner layer 20 . Thus, the fireproof structure of the present invention may be provided at a position separated from the fireproof object. Fireproof performance can be obtained even if they are provided at separated positions.

In the above-described embodiments, planar materials such as metal flat plates, corrugated steel plates, and steel lath nets are used as the holding material, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. For example, a plurality of angle members may be fixed to the outside of the inner layer 20 with screws or the like. Metal materials such as steel, ceramics, and the like can be used as such angle materials. By using the angle material, unevenness is formed on the outside of the inner layer 20, and the outer layer 40 can be easily held.

Moreover, as a method of forming unevenness on the outside of the inner layer 20, it is not always necessary to use a holding material, and unevenness may be formed on the outside of the inner layer 20, for example. When the unevenness is provided, the inner layer 20 is preferably made of a material such as a silica plate that is easily press-formed.

Such unevenness can also make it easier to hold the outer layer 40 . In other words, the holding mechanism in the present invention includes a holding material separate from the inner layer 20 as well as irregularities formed on the inner layer 20 itself. Thus, the present invention can be implemented in various modes. Moreover, these modes can be used in combination as appropriate.

10 wooden floor slab (refractory object)
20 inner layer 22 inner layer 24 inner layer 30 holding material (holding mechanism, steel plate)
32 holding material (holding mechanism, steel plate)
32A concave portion 32B convex portion 40 outer layer (refractory paint)
42 outer layer 50 holding material (holding mechanism, steel plate)
60 outer layer (air mortar)
62 outer layer (refractory paint)
70 holding material 80 outer layer (refractory paint)
90 seismic isolation device (refractory object)

Claims (4)

an inner layer covering a refractory object and screwed to the refractory object and made of a material with moisture;
a steel plate fixed to the outside of the inner layer by a fixing member different from the screw, the fixing member being supported by the refractory object through the inner layer;
A fire-resistant paint that is applied to the outside of the steel plate and foams when heated at a predetermined temperature or higher,
The fire-resistant structure, wherein the steel plate is a corrugated steel plate in which concave portions and convex portions are alternately formed. an inner layer covering a refractory object and screwed to the refractory object and made of a material with moisture;
a spacer supported by the refractory object through the inner layer and supported by the refractory object, the spacer being supported by the refractory object by a fixing member different from the screw;
a steel plate fixed to the outside of the inner layer via the spacer ;
A fire-resistant paint that is applied to the inside of the steel plate and foams when heated at a predetermined temperature or higher;
with
A fire-resistant structure, wherein a gap is formed between the inner layer and the fire-resistant paint via the spacer when the temperature is below a predetermined temperature. an inner layer covering the refractory object and made of air mortar as a material with moisture;
a steel plate disposed outside the air mortar and fixed by a fixing member that passes through the air mortar and is supported by the refractory object to serve as a temporary formwork for the air mortar;
A fire-resistant paint that is applied to the outside of the steel plate and that foams when heated at a predetermined temperature or higher;
Fireproof construction with 3. The fire resistant structure according to claim 2 , wherein said inner layer is deformable when in contact with said fire resistant paint that has foamed and expanded in the event of a fire.

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