JP7241287B2 - 正極活物質、および、電池 - Google Patents
正極活物質、および、電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7241287B2 JP7241287B2 JP2018127848A JP2018127848A JP7241287B2 JP 7241287 B2 JP7241287 B2 JP 7241287B2 JP 2018127848 A JP2018127848 A JP 2018127848A JP 2018127848 A JP2018127848 A JP 2018127848A JP 7241287 B2 JP7241287 B2 JP 7241287B2
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- Prior art keywords
- electrode active
- positive electrode
- active material
- battery
- composite oxide
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- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims description 105
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 135
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 128
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 115
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 77
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910013184 LiBO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910013641 LiNbO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 42
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 37
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 34
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 30
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 30
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 23
- -1 LiF Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 21
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- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 17
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- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 13
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical group 0.000 description 12
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 11
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 10
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
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- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
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- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
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- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 7
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
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- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
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- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006230 acetylene black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
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- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- YMKHJSXMVZVZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YMKHJSXMVZVZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Images
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Description
実施の形態1における正極活物質は、リチウム複合酸化物と、リチウム複合酸化物の表面を被覆し、電子伝導率が106S/m以下である被覆材と、を含む正極活物質であって、当該リチウム複合酸化物は、F、Cl、N、Sからなる群より選択される一種または二種以上の元素を含む。また、当該リチウム複合酸化物は、空間群C2/mに属する結晶構造を有し、CuKα線を使用したXRDパターンにおいて、回折角2θが44°から46°の範囲にあるピークと回折角2θが18°から20°の範囲にあるピークとの積分強度比が、0.05以上0.90以下、を満たす。
ここで、Aは、Mn、Co、Ni、Fe、Cu、Nb、Mo、Ti、Al、Cr、Zr、Zn、Na、K、Ca、Mg、Pt、Au、B、P、Eu、Sm、Ce、Hからなる群より選択される一種または二種以上の元素であってもよい。
0≦a≦3、
0.5≦b≦4、
1≦c≦4、
を満たしてもよい。
ここで、Meは、Mn、Co、Ni、Fe、Cu、V、Nb、Mo、Ti、Cr、Zr、Zn、Na、K、Ca、Mg、Pt、Au、Ag、Ru、W、B、Si、P、Alからなる群より選択される一種または二種以上の元素であってもよい。
1.05≦x≦1.4、
0.6≦y≦0.95、
1.33≦α<2、
0<β≦0.67、
を満たしてもよい。
1.15≦x≦1.3、
0.7≦y≦0.85、
1.8≦α≦1.95、
0.05≦β≦0.2、
を満たしてもよい。
以下に、実施の形態1の正極活物質に含まれるリチウム複合酸化物の製造方法の一例が、説明される。
以下、実施の形態2が説明される。なお、上述の実施の形態1と重複する説明は、適宜、省略される。
[正極活物質の作製]
LiFとLi2MnO3とLiMnO2とLiCoO2とLiNiO2とを、Li/Mn/Co/Ni/O/F=1.2/0.54/0.13/0.13/1.9/0.1のモル比となるようにそれぞれ秤量した。
次に、70質量部の上述の正極活物質と、20質量部の導電剤と、10質量部のポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)と、適量の2-メチルピロリドン(NMP)とを、混合した。これにより、正極合剤スラリーを得た。
上述の実施例1から、添加する被覆材を、それぞれ変えた。
上述の実施例1から、リチウム複合酸化物の組成を、それぞれ変えた。
上述の実施例1~8と同様にして、比較例1~4のリチウム複合酸化物を得た。
正極に対する電流密度を0.5mA/cm2に設定し、4.7Vの電圧に達するまで、実施例1~8および比較例1~4の電池を充電した。
LiFとLi2MnO3とLiMnO2とLiCoO2とLiNiO2とを、Li/Mn/Co/Ni/O/F=1.2/0.54/0.13/0.13/1.9/0.1のモル比となるようにそれぞれ秤量した。
上述の参考例1から、前駆体およびLi/Me/O/Fの混合比率を、それぞれ変えた。
上述の参考例1と同様にして、Li1.2Mn0.54Co0.13Ni0.13O1.9F0.1で表される組成を有する正極活物質を得た。
上述の参考例1と同様にして、Li1.2Mn0.54Co0.13Ni0.13O1.9F0.1で表される組成を有する正極活物質を得た。
上述の参考例1と同様にして、Li1.2Mn0.54Co0.13Ni0.13O2.0で表される組成を有する正極活物質を得た。
上述の参考例1と同様にして、Li1.2Mn0.54Co0.13Ni0.13O1.9F0.1で表される組成を有する正極活物質を得た。
公知の手法を用いて、LiCoO2で表される組成を有する正極活物質を得た。
正極に対する電流密度を0.5mA/cm2に設定し、4.9Vの電圧に達するまで、参考例1の電池を充電した。
27の電池を放電させた。
11 ケース
12 正極集電体
13 正極活物質層
14 セパレータ
15 封口板
16 負極集電体
17 負極活物質層
18 ガスケット
21 正極
22 負極
Claims (12)
- リチウム複合酸化物と、
前記リチウム複合酸化物の表面を被覆し、106S/m以下の電子伝導率を有する被覆材と、を含み、
前記リチウム複合酸化物の結晶構造は空間群C2/mに属し、
前記リチウム複合酸化物のCuKα線を使用したXRDパターンにおいて、回折角2θが44°から46°の範囲にあるピークに対する、回折角2θが18°から20°の範囲にあるピークの積分強度比が、0.05以上0.90以下、を満たし、
前記被覆材は、酸化物であり、前記酸化物は、MnO 2 、Al 2 O 3 、MgO、LiNbO 3 、及びLiBO 2 からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であり、
前記リチウム複合酸化物は、組成式LixMeyOαQβ(ここで、Meは、Co、Ni、及びMnからなり、Qは、Fであり、1.05≦x≦1.4、 0.6≦y≦0.95、 1.33≦α<2、かつ、0<β≦0.67)で表される、
正極活物質。 - リチウム複合酸化物と、
前記リチウム複合酸化物の表面を被覆し、10 6 S/m以下の電子伝導率を有する被覆材と、を含み、
前記リチウム複合酸化物の結晶構造は空間群C2/mに属し、
前記リチウム複合酸化物のCuKα線を使用したXRDパターンにおいて、回折角2θが44°から46°の範囲にあるピークに対する、回折角2θが18°から20°の範囲にあるピークの積分強度比が、0.05以上0.90以下、を満たし、
前記被覆材は、酸化物であり、前記酸化物は、MnO 2 であり、
前記リチウム複合酸化物は、組成式Li x Me y O α Q β (ここで、Meは、Mnであるか、MnとNiであるか、又は、MnとCoであり、Qは、Fであり、1.05≦x≦1.4、 0.6≦y≦0.95、 1.33≦α<2、かつ、0<β≦0.67)で表される、
正極活物質。 - 前記リチウム複合酸化物に対する前記被覆材の質量比が、0.2以下である、
請求項1または2に記載の正極活物質。 - 前記リチウム複合酸化物に対する前記被覆材の質量比が、0.01以上、かつ、0.1以下である、
請求項3に記載の正極活物質。 - 前記被覆材の厚みが、0.1nm以上、かつ、2.0nm以下である、
請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質。 - 前記被覆材は、前記リチウム複合酸化物の前記表面の少なくとも一部と、固溶体を形成している、
請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質。 - 前記積分強度比が、0.11以上0.85以下、を満たす、
請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質。 - 前記積分強度比が、0.44以上0.85以下、を満たす、
請求項7に記載の正極活物質。 - 前記リチウム複合酸化物を、主成分として含む、
請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質。 - 請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の正極活物質を含む正極と、
負極と、
電解質と、を備える、
電池。 - 前記負極は、リチウムイオンを吸蔵および放出しうる負極活物質、または、リチウム金属を負極活物質として溶解および析出させうる材料を含み、
前記電解質は、非水電解液である、
請求項10に記載の電池。 - 前記負極は、リチウムイオンを吸蔵および放出しうる負極活物質、または、リチウム金属を負極活物質として溶解および析出させうる材料を含み、
前記電解質は、固体電解質である、
請求項10に記載の電池。
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