JP6990935B2 - 膵臓がんおよびその他のがんに対する免疫療法において使用するための新規ペプチドおよびペプチドの組み合わせ - Google Patents
膵臓がんおよびその他のがんに対する免疫療法において使用するための新規ペプチドおよびペプチドの組み合わせ Download PDFInfo
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Description
a)がん精巣抗原:T細胞によって認識され得る、これまでに同定された最初のTAAは、このクラスに属し、元々はがん精巣(CT)抗原と称されたが、それは、そのメンバーが組織学的に異なるヒト腫瘍において発現し、正常組織中では精巣の精母細胞/精原細胞のみに存在し、時として胎盤に存在するためであった。精巣の細胞は、クラスIおよびII HLA分子を発現しないので、これらの抗原は正常組織のT細胞によって認識され得ず、したがって免疫学的に腫瘍特異的と見なされる。CT抗原の周知の例は、MAGEファミリーメンバーおよびNY-ESO-1である。
b)分化抗原:これらのTAAは、腫瘍と、それから腫瘍が生じる正常組織との間で共有される。既知の分化抗原のほとんどは、メラノーマおよび正常メラノサイトに見られる。これらのメラノサイト系関連タンパク質の多くは、メラニン生合成に関与し、したがって腫瘍特異的でないが、それでもなおがん免疫療法のために広く利用されている。例としては、メラノーマに対するチロシナーゼとMelan-A/MART-1、または前立腺がんに対するPSAが挙げられるが、これに限定されるものではない。
c)過剰発現TAA:広範に発現されるTAAをエンコードする遺伝子は、組織学的に異なる型の腫瘍において検出され、多数の正常組織においても、概してより低い発現レベルで検出されている。正常組織によってプロセスされて潜在的に提示され得るエピトープの多くは、T細胞認識の閾値レベル未満であり得る一方で、腫瘍細胞におけるそれらの過剰発現は、先に確立された免疫寛容の破壊による抗がん応答を始動し得る。このクラスのTAAの顕著な例は、Her-2/neu、サバイビン、テロメラーゼまたはWT1である。
d)腫瘍特異的抗原:これらのユニークなTAAは、正常な遺伝子(β-カテニン、CDK4など)の変異から生じる。これらの分子変化のいくつかは、腫瘍性形質転換および/または進行と関連する。腫瘍特異的抗原は、通常、正常組織に対する自己免疫反応のリスクなしに、強力な免疫応答を誘導できる。他方、これらのTAAは、ほとんどの場合、その上でそれらが同定されたまさにその腫瘍のみと関係があり、通常は、多くの個々の腫瘍間で共有されない。腫瘍特異的(関連)イソ型があるタンパク質では、ペプチドの腫瘍特異性(または関連性)はまた、ペプチドが腫瘍(関連)エクソンに由来する場合に生じてもよい。
e)異常な翻訳後修飾から生じるTAA:このようなTAAは、特異的でなく腫瘍において過剰発現もされないタンパク質から生じてもよいが、それでもなお、腫瘍において主に活性である翻訳後プロセスによって腫瘍関連になる。このクラスの例は、腫瘍にMUC1のような新規エピトープをもたらす改変グリコシル化パターン、または腫瘍特異的であってもなくてもよい分解中のタンパク質スプライシングのような事象から生じる。
f)オンコウイルスタンパク質:これらのTAAはウイルスタンパク質であり、それらは発がん過程において重要な役割を果たしてもよく、外来性である(ヒト由来でない)ため、それらはT細胞応答を誘起し得る。このようなタンパク質の例は、子宮頸がんにおいて発現されるヒト乳頭腫16型ウイルスタンパク質E6およびE7である。
同一性百分率=100[1-(C/R)]
式中、Cは、参照配列と比較される配列との間のアライメント長にわたる、参照配列と比較配列の間の差異の数であり、
(i)比較配列中に対応する整列塩基またはアミノ酸を有しない、参照配列中の各塩基またはアミノ酸、および
(ii)参照配列中の各ギャップ、および
(iii)比較配列中の整列塩基またはアミノ酸と異なる、参照配列中の各整列塩基またはアミノ酸が差異を構成して、
(iiii)アライメントは、整合配列の1位から開始しなくてはならず;
Rは、比較配列とのアライメント長にわたる参照配列中の塩基またはアミノ酸の数であり、参照配列中に生じる任意のギャップもまた、塩基またはアミノ酸として数えられる。
本発明は、配列番号1~配列番号67からなる群から選択される配列、または、配列番号1~配列番号67と少なくとも88%相同的な(好ましくは同一の)その変異体を含んでなるペプチドにさらに関し、前記ペプチドまたは変異体は、8~100、好ましくは8~30、最も好ましくは8~14アミノ酸の全長を有する。
(a)溶液中のまたは凍結乾燥形態の上述の医薬組成物を含有する容器;
(b)任意選択的に、凍結乾燥製剤のための希釈剤または再構成溶液を含有する第2の容器;および
(c)任意選択的に、(i)溶液の使用、または(ii)凍結乾燥製剤の再構成および/または使用のための取扱説明書
を含んでなるキットをさらに目的とする。
1.悪性物質からのHLAリガンドが、質量分析法によって同定された
2.ゲノム規模メッセンジャーリボ核酸(mRNA)発現解析を使用して、一連の正常器官および組織と比較して、悪性組織(膵臓がん)において過剰発現される遺伝子が同定された
3.同定されたHLAリガンドは、遺伝子発現データと比較された。好ましくは、ステップ2で検出されたような選択的に発現されまたは過剰発現される遺伝子によってコードされる、腫瘍組織上で過剰提示されまたは選択的に提示されるペプチドが、多重ペプチドワクチンのための適切なTUMAP候補と見なされた。
4.同定されたペプチドのTUMAPとしての妥当性を支持する追加的な証拠を同定するために、文献調査が実施された
5.mRNAレベルでの過剰発現の関連性は、ステップ3からの選択されたTUMAPの腫瘍組織上における再検出と、健常組織における検出の欠如(または希な)検出によって確認された。
6.選択されたペプチドによる生体内T細胞応答の誘導が可能かどうかを評価するために、健常ドナーならびに膵臓がん患者からのヒトT細胞を使用して、生体外免疫原性アッセイが実施された。
組織サンプル
患者の腫瘍組織は、Asterand(Detroit,USA and Royston,Herts,UK);Geneticist Inc.(Glendale,CA,USA);Hospital of Heidelberg;University Hospital of Tubingenから得られた。正常組織は、Bio-Options Inc.(CA,USA);BioServe(Beltsville,MD,USA);Capital BioScience Inc.(Rockville,MD,USA);Geneticist Inc.(Glendale,CA,USA);University Hospital of Geneva;University Hospital of Heidelberg;Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine(KPUM);University Hospital Munich;ProteoGenex Inc.(Culver City,CA,USA);University Hospital of Tubingenから得られた。全ての患者の告知に基づく同意書が、外科手術または検死解剖前に得られた。組織は切除直後に衝撃凍結されて、TUMAPの単離まで-70℃未満で保存された。
衝撃凍結組織サンプルからのHLAペプチド貯留は、わずかに修正されたプロトコル(Falk et al.,1991;Seeger et al.,1999)に従って、HLA-A*02-特異的抗体BB7.2、HLA-A、-B、-C特異的抗体W6/32、CNBr活性化セファロース、酸処理、および限外濾過を使用して、免疫沈殿によって固形組織から得られた。
得られたHLAペプチド貯留は、逆相クロマトグラフィー(nanoAcquity UPL C system、Waters)によって、それらの疎水性に従って分離され、ESI源を装着したLTQ-velosおよびfusionハイブリッド質量分光計(ThermoElectron)内で溶出ペプチドが分析された。ペプチド貯留は、毎分400nLの流速を適用して、1.7μm C18逆相材料(Waters)で充填された、分析用融合シリカマイクロキャピラリーカラム(75μm内径×250mm)上に直接挿入された。引き続いて、毎分300nLの流速で10%から33%へのBの二段階180分間二成分勾配を用いて、ペプチドが分離された。勾配は、溶媒A(水中の0.1%ギ酸)および溶媒B(アセトニトリル中の0.1%ギ酸)から構成された。nanoESI源への導入には、金被覆ガラス毛管(PicoTip、New Objective)が使用された。LTQ-Orbitrap質量分光計は、TOP5ストラテジーを使用してデータ依存モードで操作された。手短に述べると、スキャンサイクルは、Orbitrap(R=30000)内の高質量精度の完全スキャンで開始され、これもまたOrbitrap(R=7500)内の5種の最も豊富な前駆イオンのMS/MSスキャンがそれに続き、以前選択されたイオンは動的に除外された。タンデム質量スペクトルは、SEQUESTおよび追加的な手動調節によって解釈された。同定されたペプチド配列は、生成された天然ペプチド断片化パターンと、配列が同一の合成参照ペプチドの断片化パターンとの比較によって確認された。
本発明のペプチドをコードする遺伝子発現プロファイリング
正常細胞と比較した腫瘍細胞上のペプチドの過剰提示または特異的提示は、免疫療法におけるその有用性にとって十分であり、いくつかのペプチドは、それらの起源タンパク質が正常組織にもまた存在するにもかかわらず、腫瘍特異的である。それでもなお、mRNA発現プロファイリングは、免疫療法のためのペプチド標的の選択において、安全性のレベルを高めることができる。特に、アフィニティ成熟TCRなどの高い安全性リスクがある治療の選択肢では、理想的な標的ペプチドは、腫瘍に特有で正常組織上には見られないタンパク質に由来する。
外科的に除去された組織標本は、告知に基づく同意書が各患者から入手された後に、上述の通り提供された(実施例1を参照されたい)。腫瘍組織標本は、手術直後にスナップ凍結され、その後、液体窒素下で乳鉢と乳棒を用いて均質化された。全RNAは、TRI試薬(Ambion,Darmstadt,Germany)を使用してこれらのサンプルから調製され、RNeasy(QIAGEN,Hilden,Germany)による精製がそれに続き;どちらの方法も製造業者のプロトコルに従って実施された。
全ての腫瘍および正常組織RNAサンプルの遺伝子発現解析は、Affymetrix Human Genome(HG)U133AまたはHG-U133 Plus 2.0オリゴヌクレオチドマイクロアレイ(Affymetrix,Santa Clara,CA,USA)によって実施された。全てのステップは、Affymetrixマニュアルに従って実施された。簡単に述べると、二本鎖cDNAは、マニュアルに記載されるようにして、SuperScript RTII(Invitrogen)およびオリゴdT-T7プライマー(MWG Biotech,Ebersberg,Germany)を使用して、5~8μgの全RNAから合成された。生体外転写は、U133AアレイのためのBioArray High Yield RNA Transcript Labelling Kit(ENZO Diagnostics,Inc.,Farmingdale,NY,USA)を用いて、またはU133 Plus 2.0のためのGeneChip IVT Labelling Kit(Affymetrix)を用いて実施され、cRNA断片化、ハイブリダイゼーション、そしてストレプトアビジン-フィコエリトリンとビオチン化抗ストレプトアビジン抗体(Molecular Probes,Leiden,Netherlands)とを用いた染色がそれに続いた。画像は、Agilent 2500A GeneArray Scanner(U133A)またはAffymetrix Gene-Chip Scanner 3000(U133 Plus 2.0)でスキャンされ、全てのパラメータについてデフォルト設定を使用して、GCOSソフトウェア(Affymetrix)によってデータが解析された。正規化のために、Affymetrixによって提供される100個のハウスキーピング遺伝子が使用された。相対的発現値は、ソフトウェアによって与えられるシグナルlog比から計算され、正常な腎臓サンプルが自由裁量で1.0に設定された。膵臓がんにおいて高度に過剰発現され、または排他的に発現される本発明の起源遺伝子の代表的発現プロファイルは、図1に示される。さらなる例示的遺伝子の発現スコアは、表9に示される。
MHCクラスI提示ペプチドの生体外免疫原性
本発明のTUMAPの免疫原性に関する情報を得るために、本発明者らは、ペプチド/MHC複合体および抗CD28抗体を負荷した人工抗原提示細胞(aAPC)によるCD8+T細胞の反復刺激に基づく、生体外T細胞プライミングアッセイを用いて研究を実施した。このようにして、本発明者らは、これまでに本発明の22個のHLA-A*0201拘束性TUMAPの免疫原性を示し得て、これらのペプチドが、それに対するCD8+前駆T細胞がヒトに存在する、T細胞エピトープであることを実証した(表10)。
ペプチドMHC複合体(pMHC)および抗CD28抗体を負荷した、人工抗原提示細胞による生体外刺激を実施するために、本発明者らは、最初に、告知に基づく同意後に、University clinics Mannheim,Germanyから得られた健常ドナーのCD8ミクロビーズ(Miltenyi Biotec,Bergisch-Gladbach,Germany)を使用した正の選択を通じて、新鮮HLA-A*02白血球除去生成物からCD8+T細胞を単離した。
HLAクラスIペプチドを試験するために、ペプチド特異的T細胞株の生成によって生体外免疫原性が実証され得る。本発明の2種のペプチドの、TUMAP特異的多量体染色後の例示的フローサイトメトリー結果は、対応する陰性対照と共に図3に示される。本発明からの2種のペプチドの結果は、表10に要約される。
ペプチドの合成
全てのペプチドは、Fmocストラテジーを使用する、標準的な十分に確立された固相ペプチド合成を使用して合成された。個々のペプチドのアイデンティティーおよび純度は、質量分析および分析用RP-HPLCによって判定された。ペプチドは、純度>50%の白色から灰白色の凍結乾燥物(トリフルオロ酢酸塩)として得られた。全てのTUMAPは、好ましくはトリフルオロ酢酸塩または酢酸塩として投与され、その他の塩形態もまた可能である。
MHC結合アッセイ
本発明によるT細胞ベースの治療法のための候補ペプチドは、それらのMHC結合能力(親和性)についてさらに試験された。個々のペプチド-MHC複合体は、UVリガンド交換によって生成され、UV感受性ペプチドはUV照射に際して切断されて、分析される目的ペプチドで交換された。ペプチド受容性MHC分子と効果的に結合して安定化し得るペプチド候補のみが、MHC複合体の分離を防止する。交換反応の収率を判定するために、安定化MHC複合体の軽鎖(β2m)の検出に基づくELISAが実施された。アッセイは、Rodenko et al.(Rodenko et al.,2006)に一般的に記載されるようにして実施された。
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Claims (23)
- 配列番号21に示されるアミノ酸配列を含んでなるペプチドであり、前記ペプチドが9~16のアミノ酸長を有する、または
配列番号21に示されるアミノ酸配列を含んでなるペプチドであり、前記ペプチドが9~16のアミノ酸長を有し、前記ペプチドがMHCクラスIに結合する能力を有し、前記MHCに結合すると、CD8T細胞によって認識されることができるようになる、ペプチド。 - 前記ペプチドが、配列番号21に示されるアミノ酸配列からなる、請求項1に記載のペプチド。
- 前記ペプチドが、修飾され、および/または非ペプチド結合を含む、請求項1または2に記載のペプチド。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のペプチドとHLA-DR抗原関連不変鎖(Ii)のN末端アミノ酸を含んでなる、融合タンパク質。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のペプチドまたは請求項4に記載の融合タンパク質をエンコードする核酸、または
請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のペプチドまたは請求項4に記載の融合タンパク質をエンコードする核酸であり、前記核酸が異種プロモーター配列と結合する、核酸。 - 請求項5に記載の核酸を発現する、発現ベクター。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のペプチド、請求項4に記載の融合タンパク質、請求項5に記載の核酸または請求項6に記載の発現ベクターを含んでなる組換え宿主細胞、または
請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のペプチド、請求項4に記載の融合タンパク質、請求項5に記載の核酸または請求項6に記載の発現ベクターを含んでなる組換え宿主細胞であり、前記組換え宿主細胞が樹状細胞若しくは抗原提示細胞である、組換え宿主細胞。 - 医療において使用するための請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のペプチド、請求項4に記載の融合タンパク質、請求項5に記載の核酸、請求項6に記載の発現ベクター、または請求項7に記載の宿主細胞。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のペプチドを提示する、または請求項5に記載の核酸を発現する、または請求項6に記載の発現ベクターを含んでなる、請求項7に記載の宿主細胞を培養するステップと、前記ペプチドを前記宿主細胞またはその培養液から単離するステップとを含んでなる、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のペプチドを製造する方法。
- T細胞を適切な抗原提示細胞の表面に、または抗原提示細胞を模倣する人工コンストラクトの表面に発現される抗原負荷ヒトクラスIMHC分子に、前記T細胞を抗原特異的様式で活性化するのに十分な時間にわたり、生体外で接触させるステップを含んでなり、前記抗原が、請求項1または2に記載のペプチドである、活性化Tリンパ球を製造するインビトロ法。
- 請求項1または2に記載のペプチドを提示する細胞を選択的に認識する、請求項10に記載の方法によって製造される活性化Tリンパ球。
- 請求項11に記載の活性化Tリンパ球の有効数を含んでなる、請求項1または2に記載のペプチドを提示する標的細胞を死滅させる、医薬。
- MHC分子と結合している請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のペプチドを特異的に認識する、または、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のペプチドを特異的に認識する、可溶性抗体または膜結合抗体である、抗体。
- がん治療薬の製造における、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のペプチド、請求項4に記載の融合タンパク質、請求項5に記載の核酸、請求項6に記載の発現ベクター、請求項7に記載の宿主細胞、請求項11に記載の活性化Tリンパ球、または請求項13に記載の抗体の使用、または
がん治療薬の製造における、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のペプチド、請求項4に記載の融合タンパク質、請求項5に記載の核酸、請求項6に記載の発現ベクター、請求項7に記載の宿主細胞、請求項11に記載の活性化Tリンパ球、または請求項13に記載の抗体の使用であり、前記がんが、配列番号21に示されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドが由来するタンパク質の過剰発現を示す、膵臓がん、肺がん、腎臓がん、脳がん、結腸または直腸がん、食道がん、乳がん、卵巣がん、胃がん、肝臓がん、前立腺がん、メラノーマ、白血病の群から選択される、使用。 - (a)請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のペプチド、請求項4に記載の融合タンパク質、請求項5に記載の核酸、請求項6に記載の発現ベクター、請求項7に記載の宿主細胞、請求項11に記載の活性化Tリンパ球、または請求項13に記載の抗体を含有する医薬組成物を溶液中に、または凍結乾燥形態で含んでなる容器、および以下(b)~(d)から選択される1つ以上の要素を含んでなるキットまたは以下(b)~(d)を含まないキット;
(b)凍結乾燥製剤のための希釈剤または再構成溶液を含有する第2の容器;
(c)配列番号21に示されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド;および
(d)(i)前記溶液の使用、または(ii)前記凍結乾燥製剤の再構成および/または使用のための取扱説明書、または、
(a)請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のペプチド、請求項4に融合タンパク質、請求項5に記載の核酸、請求項6に記載の発現ベクター、請求項7に記載の宿主細胞、請求項11に記載の活性化Tリンパ球、または請求項13に記載の抗体を含有する医薬組成物を溶液中に、または凍結乾燥形態で含んでなる容器、および以下(b)~(d)から選択される1つ以上の要素を含んでなるキットまたは以下(b)~(d)を含まないキット;
(b)凍結乾燥製剤のための希釈剤または再構成溶液を含有する第2の容器;
(c)配列番号21に示されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド;および
(d)(i)前記溶液の使用、または(ii)前記凍結乾燥製剤の再構成および/または使用のための取扱説明書、
さらに(iii)緩衝液、(iv)希釈剤、(V)フィルター、(vi)針、または(V)シリンジからなる群から選択される1つまたは複数を含んでなる、キット。 - 前記ペプチドが、配列番号21に示されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドである、請求項15に記載のキット。
- HLAリガンドと反応性である、可溶性または膜結合T細胞受容体であって、前記リガンドが請求項1もしくは2に記載のペプチドである、または
HLAリガンドと反応性である、可溶性または膜結合T細胞受容体であって、前記リガンドが請求項1もしくは2に記載のペプチドであり、前記T細胞受容体が可溶性分子として提供される、または
HLAリガンドと反応性である、可溶性または膜結合T細胞受容体であって、前記リガンドが請求項1もしくは2に記載のペプチドであり、前記T細胞受容体が可溶性分子として提供され、さらに免疫刺激ドメインまたは毒素のエフェクター機能を保有する、
T細胞受容体。 - 請求項17に記載のTCRをエンコードする核酸、または請求項17に記載のTCRをエンコードする核酸であり、前記核酸が異種プロモーター配列と結合する、核酸。
- 請求項18に記載の核酸を発現する能力がある、発現ベクター。
- 請求項18に記載の核酸、または請求項13に記載の抗体をコードする核酸、または請求項19に記載の発現ベクターを含んでなる宿主細胞であり、前記宿主細胞がT細胞またはNK細胞である、宿主細胞。
- 請求項20に記載の宿主細胞を培養するステップと、前記T細胞受容体を前記宿主細胞および/またはその培養液から単離するステップとを含んでなる、請求項17に記載のT細胞受容体を製造する方法。
- a)配列番号21に示されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチド;
b)a)に記載のペプチドおよび/またはペプチドMHC複合体と反応性のT細胞受容体;
c)a)に記載のペプチドと、HLA-DR抗原関連不変鎖(Ii)のN末端のアミノ酸1~80とを含んでなる融合タンパク質;
d)a)~c)のいずれかをコードする核酸、または前記核酸を含んでなる発現ベクター;
e)d)の発現ベクターを含んでなる宿主細胞;
f)抗原特異的様式でT細胞を活性化するのに十分な時間にわたり、T細胞を適切な抗原提示細胞の表面に発現されるa)に記載のペプチドと生体外で接触させるステップを含んでなる方法、ならびに自己または他の患者にこれらの活性化T細胞を移入する方法によって得られる、活性化Tリンパ球;
g)a)に記載のペプチドおよび/またはペプチド-MHC複合体および/またはa)に記載のペプチドを提示する細胞と反応性であって、免疫活性化ドメインまたは毒素との融合によって潜在的に修飾されている、抗体、または可溶性T細胞受容体;
h)配列番号21に示されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドおよび/または配列番号21に示されるアミノ酸配列からなるペプチドとMHC分子の複合体を認識する、アプタマー;
i)a)~h)のいずれかに記載の抱合または標識されたペプチドまたはスキャフォールド
からなる群から選択される、少なくとも1つの活性成分と、薬学的に許容できる担体とを含んでなる医薬組成物。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のペプチド、またはMHC分子と結合する請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のペプチドを特異的に認識する、アプタマー。
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TWI755158B (zh) | 2015-03-17 | 2022-02-11 | 德商英麥提克生物技術股份有限公司 | 用於抗胰臟癌與其他癌症的免疫治療的新穎胜肽及胜肽的組合 |
DK3288581T3 (da) * | 2015-04-27 | 2021-01-11 | Cancer Research Tech Ltd | Fremgangsmåde til behandling af cancer |
GB201516047D0 (en) | 2015-09-10 | 2015-10-28 | Cancer Rec Tech Ltd | Method |
MY198087A (en) | 2015-10-05 | 2023-07-31 | Immatics Biotechnologies Gmbh | Peptides and combination of peptides for use in immunotherapy against small cell lung cancer and other cancers |
CN116355851B (zh) * | 2023-03-13 | 2023-09-08 | 广州医科大学附属第一医院(广州呼吸中心) | 一种来源于人非小细胞肺癌的原代细胞株及其制备方法与应用 |
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