JP6987692B2 - Aluminum alloy molding method - Google Patents
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000004881 precipitation hardening Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910018571 Al—Zn—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910018569 Al—Zn—Mg—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000797 Ultra-high-strength steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003483 aging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、アルミニウム合金からなる板材を成形加工するアルミニウム合金の成形方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for forming an aluminum alloy for forming a plate material made of an aluminum alloy.
現在、自動車の燃費向上のために軽量化が重要となっている。超高張力鋼板による薄肉化を中心に軽量化が進んでいるが、剛性に対して指数的に影響するため、板厚を薄くすることは、部品剛性の確保が難しく限界がある。これに対し、アルミニウム合金は、強度が高いだけでなく比重も軽いため、板厚を確保して軽量化ができる。特に、Ａｌ−Ｚｎ−Ｍｇ系合金またはＡｌ−Ｚｎ−Ｍｇ−Ｃｕ系合金（７０００系アルミニウム合金）は、強度が高く有効である。 At present, weight reduction is important for improving the fuel efficiency of automobiles. Weight reduction is progressing mainly by thinning with ultra-high-strength steel plates, but since it has an exponential effect on rigidity, it is difficult to secure component rigidity and there is a limit to reducing the plate thickness. On the other hand, aluminum alloys not only have high strength but also have a light specific gravity, so that the plate thickness can be secured and the weight can be reduced. In particular, an Al—Zn—Mg-based alloy or an Al—Zn—Mg—Cu based alloy (7000 series aluminum alloy) has high strength and is effective.
しかしながら、７０００系などの高強度のアルミニウム合金は、時効硬化している板材の室温における延性が約１０％と低く、冷間プレス成形が困難である。このため、従来では、板材を溶体化処理し、この後、焼きなましの状態でプレスして成形するようにしている（特許文献１参照）。この方法は、高い温度に加熱する必要あるなど、コストが高いため、例えば、自動車部品などのコスト低減が要求される場合には適用が困難である。 However, in high-strength aluminum alloys such as 7000 series, the ductility of the age-hardened plate material at room temperature is as low as about 10%, and cold press forming is difficult. For this reason, conventionally, the plate material is subjected to solution treatment, and then pressed and molded in an annealed state (see Patent Document 1). Since this method is costly because it needs to be heated to a high temperature, it is difficult to apply it when cost reduction is required for, for example, automobile parts.
本発明は、以上のような問題点を解消するためになされたものであり、時効硬化しているアルミニウム合金をより低コストで成形できるようにすることを目的とする。 The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to make it possible to form an aging-hardened aluminum alloy at a lower cost.
本発明に係るアルミニウム合金の成形方法は、アルミニウム合金からなる析出硬化処理がされている板材を析出硬化の状態が維持された状態で加熱する第１工程と、析出硬化の状態を維持して板材をプレス加工して成形体とする第２工程とを備え、第１工程では、板材をプレス加工可能な温度に加熱する。 The method for forming an aluminum alloy according to the present invention includes a first step of heating a plate material made of an aluminum alloy that has been subjected to precipitation hardening treatment while the state of precipitation hardening is maintained, and a plate material that maintains the state of precipitation hardening. Is provided with a second step of pressing to form a molded body, and in the first step, the plate material is heated to a temperature at which press processing is possible.
上記アルミニウム合金の成形方法において、第１工程では、板材を１７０℃〜２５０℃の範囲のいずれかの温度に加熱すればよい。 In the above-mentioned aluminum alloy molding method, in the first step, the plate material may be heated to any temperature in the range of 170 ° C. to 250 ° C.
上記アルミニウム合金の成形方法において、第１工程では、板材を接触加熱により加熱するとよい。 In the above-mentioned aluminum alloy molding method, in the first step, the plate material may be heated by contact heating.
上記アルミニウム合金の成形方法において、アルミニウム合金は、Ａｌ−Ｚｎ−Ｍｇ系合金またはＡｌ−Ｚｎ−Ｍｇ−Ｃｕ系合金である。 In the method for forming an aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy is an Al—Zn—Mg-based alloy or an Al—Zn—Mg—Cu based alloy.
以上説明したように、本発明によれば、アルミニウム合金からなる析出硬化処理がされている板材を析出硬化の状態が維持された状態で加熱し、この析出硬化の状態を維持してプレス加工するので、時効硬化しているアルミニウム合金が、より低コストで成形できるという優れた効果が得られる。 As described above, according to the present invention, a plate material which has been subjected to precipitation hardening treatment made of an aluminum alloy is heated in a state where the state of precipitation hardening is maintained, and press processing is performed while maintaining this state of precipitation hardening. Therefore, an excellent effect that an aluminum alloy that has been age-hardened can be molded at a lower cost can be obtained.
以下、本発明の実施の形態おけるアルミニウム合金の成形方法について図１を参照して説明する。 Hereinafter, the method for forming an aluminum alloy in the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
まず、ステップＳ１０１で、アルミニウム合金からなる析出硬化処理がされている板材を析出硬化の状態が維持された状態で加熱する（第１工程）。ステップＳ１０１における板材の加熱は、例えば、よく知られたホットプレートなどを用いた接触加熱により実施すればよい。 First, in step S101, a plate material which has been subjected to precipitation hardening treatment made of an aluminum alloy is heated in a state where the state of precipitation hardening is maintained (first step). The heating of the plate material in step S101 may be carried out by, for example, contact heating using a well-known hot plate or the like.
次に、ステップＳ１０２で、析出硬化の状態を維持して板材をプレス加工して成形体とする（第２工程）。例えば、ステップＳ１０１における加熱を実施した直後に、ステップＳ１０２のプレス加工を実施すればよい。 Next, in step S102, the plate material is pressed to form a molded product while maintaining the state of precipitation hardening (second step). For example, the press working in step S102 may be performed immediately after the heating in step S101 is performed.
板材は、例えば、Ａ７０７５（ＪＩＳ）などのＡｌ−Ｚｎ−Ｍｇ系合金またはＡｌ−Ｚｎ−Ｍｇ−Ｃｕ系合金である。ステップＳ１０１（第１工程）では、板材をプレス加工可能な温度に加熱する。例えば、板材がＡ７０７５の場合、２００℃に加熱すれば、析出硬化の状態が維持され、かつプレス加工可能な状態となる。上記温度は、対象とする材料に合わせ、析出硬化の状態が維持された範囲で適宜に設定すればよく、２００℃より低い温度条件としてもよい。 The plate material is, for example, an Al—Zn—Mg-based alloy such as A7075 (JIS) or an Al—Zn—Mg—Cu based alloy. In step S101 (first step), the plate material is heated to a temperature at which press working is possible. For example, when the plate material is A7075, if it is heated to 200 ° C., the state of precipitation hardening is maintained and the state of press working is possible. The above temperature may be appropriately set within a range in which the state of precipitation hardening is maintained according to the target material, and may be a temperature condition lower than 200 ° C.
上述した実施の形態におけるアルミニウム合金の成形方法によれば、析出硬化状態でプレス加工するので、加熱の温度をより低くすることができる。また、析出硬化状態でプレス加工しているので、成形後も析出硬化状態となっており、プレス加工した後で溶体化処理をする必要がない。このように、実施の形態によれば、従来に比較して、低コストで成形できる。なお、プレス加工した後で、時効処理をしてもよい。 According to the method for forming an aluminum alloy in the above-described embodiment, the press working is performed in a precipitation-hardened state, so that the heating temperature can be further lowered. Further, since the press working is performed in the precipitation hardening state, the precipitation hardening state is maintained even after molding, and it is not necessary to perform the solution heat treatment after the press working. As described above, according to the embodiment, molding can be performed at a lower cost as compared with the conventional case. It should be noted that the stamping process may be followed by the aging process.
次に、加熱温度と硬さとの関係について調査した結果を図２に示す。調査は、析出硬化状態のＡ７０７５からなる板厚２ｍｍの板材に対して実施した。接触加熱により加熱し、加熱時間は１０秒とし、冷却した後に硬さ測定を実施した。図２において、黒四角は、時効処理をしていない場合の結果を示し、黒丸は、時効処理をした場合の結果を示している。図２に示すように、加熱温度が２００℃であれば、冷却した後で、析出硬化している状態の硬さが得られている。また、加熱温度が２５０℃であっても、時効処理をすることで、時効硬化状態の硬さが得られている。 Next, FIG. 2 shows the results of investigating the relationship between the heating temperature and the hardness. The investigation was carried out on a plate material having a thickness of 2 mm made of A7075 in a precipitation-hardened state. It was heated by contact heating, the heating time was 10 seconds, and the hardness was measured after cooling. In FIG. 2, the black squares show the results when the aging treatment is not performed, and the black circles show the results when the aging treatment is performed. As shown in FIG. 2, when the heating temperature is 200 ° C., the hardness in a state of precipitation hardening after cooling is obtained. Further, even if the heating temperature is 250 ° C., the hardness in the age-hardened state is obtained by the aging treatment.
ここで、析出硬化状態のアルミニウム合金を加熱し、析出硬化状態よりずれた状態となると、図３に示すように、アルミニウム合金の電気伝導率が変化する。なお、図３に示す結果は、図２に示す調査において用いた試料の電気伝導率の変化であり、黒四角は、時効処理をしていない場合の結果を示し、黒丸は、時効処理をした場合の結果を示している。図３に示すように、２５０℃を超えて高い加熱温度とすると、電気伝導率が大きく変化している。 Here, when the aluminum alloy in the precipitation-hardened state is heated and becomes a state deviated from the precipitation-hardened state, the electric conductivity of the aluminum alloy changes as shown in FIG. The results shown in FIG. 3 are changes in the electrical conductivity of the sample used in the survey shown in FIG. 2, the black squares indicate the results when the aging treatment was not performed, and the black circles are the aging treatment. The result of the case is shown. As shown in FIG. 3, when the heating temperature is higher than 250 ° C., the electric conductivity changes significantly.
これらの調査結果より、加熱温度２００℃は、析出硬化状態が維持されていることがわかる。また、加熱温度が２５０℃であれば、実質的に析出硬化状態であるものと考えられる。言い換えると、加熱の温度条件は、時効処理後で、析出硬化状態における硬さが得られる範囲とすればよいものといえる。 From these investigation results, it can be seen that the precipitation hardening state is maintained at a heating temperature of 200 ° C. Further, if the heating temperature is 250 ° C., it is considered that the precipitation hardening state is substantially achieved. In other words, it can be said that the heating temperature condition may be set within a range in which the hardness in the precipitation hardening state can be obtained after the aging treatment.
また、加熱温度とプレス加工（ハット曲げ）後の硬さとの関係について調査した結果を図４に示す。調査は、析出硬化状態のＡ７０７５からなる板厚２ｍｍの板材に対して実施した。接触加熱により加熱し、加熱時間は１０秒とし、ハット曲げ成形した後に硬さ測定を実施した。図４において、黒四角は、時効処理をしていない場合の結果を示し、黒丸は、時効処理をした場合の結果を示している。図４において、１６０℃の結果は、３回の調査において、プレス加工において１回割れが発生した。これに対し、１７０℃以上では、いずれの調査でも、プレス加工において割れは発生していない。従って、加熱温度が１７０℃以上であれば、ハット曲げ成形が可能であるものといえる。また、１７０〜２００℃では、時効硬化処理をしていなくても、ハット曲げ成形した後で、析出硬化している状態の硬さが得られている。また、加熱温度が２５０℃であっても、時効処理をすることで、ほぼ、時効硬化状態の硬さが得られている。 Further, FIG. 4 shows the results of investigating the relationship between the heating temperature and the hardness after press working (hat bending). The investigation was carried out on a plate material having a thickness of 2 mm made of A7075 in a precipitation-hardened state. It was heated by contact heating, the heating time was 10 seconds, and the hardness was measured after hat bending and molding. In FIG. 4, the black squares show the results when the aging treatment is not performed, and the black circles show the results when the aging treatment is performed. In FIG. 4, the result of 160 ° C. showed that one crack occurred in the press working in three investigations. On the other hand, at 170 ° C. or higher, no cracking occurred in the press working in any of the investigations. Therefore, if the heating temperature is 170 ° C. or higher, it can be said that hat bending molding is possible. Further, at 170 to 200 ° C., hardness in a state of precipitation hardening after hat bending molding is obtained even if the age hardening treatment is not performed. Further, even if the heating temperature is 250 ° C., the hardness in the age-hardened state is almost obtained by the aging treatment.
次に、加熱時間について調査した結果について、図５に示す。なお、この調査は、析出硬化状態のＡ７０７５からなる板厚２ｍｍの板材に対して実施し、２００℃に加熱処理をして冷却した後で、硬さの測定および電気伝導率の測定を実施している。図５に示すように、加熱時間を３秒と短くしても、析出硬化状態の硬さが得られている。また、加熱時間が７０秒を超えて９００秒近くとなると、硬さの低下がみられ、電気伝導率に変化が見られた。これらの結果より、加熱時間は短い方がよいことがわかる。 Next, the result of investigating the heating time is shown in FIG. This investigation was carried out on a plate material having a thickness of 2 mm made of A7075 in a precipitation-hardened state, and after being heat-treated at 200 ° C. and cooled, the hardness and the electric conductivity were measured. ing. As shown in FIG. 5, even if the heating time is shortened to 3 seconds, the hardness in the precipitation hardening state is obtained. Further, when the heating time exceeded 70 seconds and became close to 900 seconds, a decrease in hardness was observed and a change in electrical conductivity was observed. From these results, it can be seen that the shorter the heating time, the better.
また、本発明のアルミニウム合金の成形方法によれば、プレス加工時の下死点保持時間を短くしても、プレス加工後の硬さに低下がみられない大きな変化は見られないことが判明している。従って、本発明によれば、従来のように、下死点の保持を所定の時間かける必要がなく、処理時間を短縮することが可能になる。 Further, according to the method for forming an aluminum alloy of the present invention, it was found that even if the bottom dead center holding time during press working is shortened, there is no significant change in hardness after press working. is doing. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is not necessary to take a predetermined time to hold the bottom dead center as in the conventional case, and the processing time can be shortened.
また、本発明によれば、２００℃程度の温度でプレス加工するため、潤滑剤を使用しなくても、焼き付きが発生しないという利点がある。 Further, according to the present invention, since the press working is performed at a temperature of about 200 ° C., there is an advantage that seizure does not occur even if a lubricant is not used.
以上に説明したように、本発明によれば、アルミニウム合金からなる析出硬化処理がされている板材を析出硬化の状態が維持された状態で加熱し、この析出硬化の状態を維持してプレス加工するので、時効硬化しているアルミニウム合金が、より低コストで成形できるようになるという優れた効果が得られる。 As described above, according to the present invention, a plate material which has been subjected to precipitation hardening treatment made of an aluminum alloy is heated in a state where the state of precipitation hardening is maintained, and press processing is performed while maintaining this state of precipitation hardening. Therefore, the excellent effect that the age-hardened aluminum alloy can be formed at a lower cost can be obtained.
従来では、溶体化処理し、この後、焼きなましの状態でプレス加工していたため、加熱温度が高く、コストの上昇を招いていた。なお、溶体化処理して焼きなました状態では、よく知られているように、アルミニウム合金は、析出硬化状態ではない。これに対し、発明者の鋭意の検討により、析出硬化状態であっても、２００℃〜２５０℃程度に加熱することでプレス加工が可能であるという新たな技術的知見が得られたことにより、本発明がなされた。本発明によれば、従来に比較して、加熱の温度が低く、また、短時間で処理が可能であり、大きなコストの低減が見込める。 In the past, solution treatment was performed, and then press processing was performed in an annealed state, so that the heating temperature was high, which led to an increase in cost. As is well known, the aluminum alloy is not in a precipitation-hardened state in the state of being solution-treated and annealed. On the other hand, due to the diligent study of the inventor, a new technical finding that press working is possible by heating to about 200 ° C. to 250 ° C. even in a precipitation hardening state has been obtained. The present invention has been made. According to the present invention, the heating temperature is lower than in the past, the treatment can be performed in a short time, and a large cost reduction can be expected.
なお、本発明は以上に説明した実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、本発明の技術的思想内で、当分野において通常の知識を有する者により、多くの変形および組み合わせが実施可能であることは明白である。例えば、上述した実施の形態では、７０００系アルミニウム合金を例に説明したが、これに限るものではなく、２０００系、６０００系のアルミニウム合金であっても、同様の効果が得られる。 It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and many modifications and combinations can be carried out by a person having ordinary knowledge in the art within the technical idea of the present invention. That is clear. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the 7000 series aluminum alloy has been described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the same effect can be obtained with 2000 series and 6000 series aluminum alloys.
Claims (2)
前記第１工程における加熱を実施した直後に、析出硬化の状態を維持して前記板材をプレス加工して成形体とする第２工程と
を備え、
前記第１工程では、前記板材をプレス加工可能な２００℃〜２５０℃の範囲のいずれかの温度に３秒〜７０秒加熱することを特徴とするアルミニウム合金の成形方法。 A first plate material made of A7075, which is not Li-containing and has been subjected to a precipitation hardening treatment made of an Al-Zn-Mg-based alloy or an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu based alloy, is heated while the state of precipitation hardening is maintained. Process and
Immediately after the heating in the first step is performed, a second step of maintaining the state of precipitation hardening and pressing the plate material into a molded body is provided.
The first step is a method for forming an aluminum alloy, which comprises heating the plate material to a temperature in the range of 200 ° C. to 250 ° C., which can be press-processed, for 3 seconds to 70 seconds.
前記第２工程のプレス加工後に時効処理を行うことを特徴とするアルミニウム合金の成形方法。 In the method for molding an aluminum alloy according to claim 1,
A method for forming an aluminum alloy, which comprises performing an aging treatment after the press working in the second step.
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