JP6963679B2 - リチウム金属電池用電解質及びそれを含むリチウム金属電池 - Google Patents
リチウム金属電池用電解質及びそれを含むリチウム金属電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6963679B2 JP6963679B2 JP2020512473A JP2020512473A JP6963679B2 JP 6963679 B2 JP6963679 B2 JP 6963679B2 JP 2020512473 A JP2020512473 A JP 2020512473A JP 2020512473 A JP2020512473 A JP 2020512473A JP 6963679 B2 JP6963679 B2 JP 6963679B2
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- Prior art keywords
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- lithium metal
- lithium
- electrolyte
- carbon atoms
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- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 135
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 70
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 42
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- -1 lithium imide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- URJIJZCEKHSLHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-heptadecafluorodecane-1-thiol Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)CCS URJIJZCEKHSLHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- BICHBFCGCJNCAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-difluorobenzenethiol Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(S)C(F)=C1 BICHBFCGCJNCAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKIHXNKYYGUVTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Fluorothiophenol Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(S)C=C1 OKIHXNKYYGUVTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- GQJXVHYUQPXZOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-nonafluorohexane-1-thiol Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)CCS GQJXVHYUQPXZOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 claims description 5
- XVGQHRKNXSUPEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzenethiol Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=CC=CC=C1S XVGQHRKNXSUPEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BGVRHDQMTMPAEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4-difluorobenzenethiol Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(S)C=C1F BGVRHDQMTMPAEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- IGOGJHYWSOZGAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzenethiol Chemical compound FC1=CC(F)=C(F)C(S)=C1F IGOGJHYWSOZGAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WJTZZPVVTSDNJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluorobenzenethiol Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC=C1S WJTZZPVVTSDNJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZDEUGINAVLMAET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluorobenzenethiol Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(S)=C1 ZDEUGINAVLMAET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- RYRLLAOLJVDVNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-trifluoroethanethiol Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CS RYRLLAOLJVDVNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UVAMFBJPMUMURT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzenethiol Chemical compound FC1=C(F)C(F)=C(S)C(F)=C1F UVAMFBJPMUMURT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CIIRSPLZNQRPGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(trifluoromethoxy)benzenethiol Chemical compound FC(F)(F)OC1=CC=CC=C1S CIIRSPLZNQRPGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GEJGGOYNWFQKKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzenethiol Chemical compound FC(F)(F)OC1=CC=CC(S)=C1 GEJGGOYNWFQKKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015044 LiB Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013372 LiC 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910012513 LiSbF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Inorganic materials [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- UOALEFQKAOQICC-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroborane Chemical compound ClB UOALEFQKAOQICC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006259 organic additive Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000002023 trifluoromethyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)* 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 25
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 235000019000 fluorine Nutrition 0.000 description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 14
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 11
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzylamine Chemical compound NCC1=CC=CC=C1 WGQKYBSKWIADBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- FZEDGSMVRLKUOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)methanol Chemical compound COC1=CC(CO)=CC=C1F FZEDGSMVRLKUOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ULNDTGZJRKQCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-fluoro-3-methylphenyl)methanol Chemical compound CC1=CC(CO)=CC=C1F ULNDTGZJRKQCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WBGBQSRNXPVFDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutan-1-amine Chemical compound NCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F WBGBQSRNXPVFDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NLSCHDZTHVNDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium nitrate Chemical compound [Cs+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O NLSCHDZTHVNDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- HTGQGAKXUDFXGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)methanol Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(F)C(CO)=C1 HTGQGAKXUDFXGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PMVFMBMIMRXHDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3,4-difluorophenyl)methanethiol Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(CS)C=C1F PMVFMBMIMRXHDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JXFKXTFQKJLIHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3,5-difluorophenyl)methanethiol Chemical compound FC1=CC(F)=CC(CS)=C1 JXFKXTFQKJLIHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AKNFFYDXPZERQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-fluoro-5-methoxyphenyl)methanol Chemical compound COC1=CC(F)=CC(CO)=C1 AKNFFYDXPZERQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RKTRHMNWVZRZJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-fluorophenyl)methanethiol Chemical compound FC1=CC=C(CS)C=C1 RKTRHMNWVZRZJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEXCPHVQJFWNFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (5-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)methanol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(F)C=C1CO WEXCPHVQJFWNFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IRZIMCQXZSILPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCC(O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 IRZIMCQXZSILPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PSDSORRYQPTKSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethanol Chemical compound CC(O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 PSDSORRYQPTKSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HZCZXRSVKNFILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-pentadecafluorooctan-1-amine Chemical compound NCC(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F HZCZXRSVKNFILZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WIIBAHCYWOUFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane Chemical compound O1C(C)(C)C(C)(C)OB1C1=CC=C(OCCO2)C2=C1 WIIBAHCYWOUFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QDHRSLFSDGCJFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-fluorobenzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC(F)=C1 QDHRSLFSDGCJFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910018091 Li 2 S Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DGBDVJVPBJMVDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(F)C(C(F)(F)F)=C1 DGBDVJVPBJMVDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- AGVUJWYLCSOJDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [5-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC(F)=CC=C1C(F)(F)F AGVUJWYLCSOJDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
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- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- ZDIZVOYIUYVPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 4-ethyl-3-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCC1CCN(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CC1O ZDIZVOYIUYVPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WPLAKERHHWPZCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,6-difluorophenyl)methanethiol Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(F)=C1CS WPLAKERHHWPZCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OWEPNYHVJVFJRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl)methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1F OWEPNYHVJVFJRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IFIOUOYJVOSTFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-fluoro-5-nitrophenyl)methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=CC=C1F IFIOUOYJVOSTFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MKWJZTFMDWSRIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl)methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(F)C([N+]([O-])=O)=C1 MKWJZTFMDWSRIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CWOZQRGVHQIIJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (5-fluoro-2-nitrophenyl)methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC(F)=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O CWOZQRGVHQIIJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Diethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC XOBKSJJDNFUZPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- UPSCFKSYRYUXEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC(OC(F)(F)F)=C1F UPSCFKSYRYUXEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LTWAIZVPDMHGOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1=CC(F)=CC(C(F)(F)F)=C1 LTWAIZVPDMHGOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005017 substituted alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000427 thin-film deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000464 thioxo group Chemical group S=* 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N triglyme Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCOC YFNKIDBQEZZDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、リチウム金属電池用電解質及びそれを含むリチウム金属電池に関する。
これを解決するために、リチウム金属の表面に保護層を導入するか、又は電解質の組成を変更するなどの様々な方法が研究されている。
また、本発明の他の目的は、前記電解質を含むリチウム金属電池を提供することにある。
前記添加剤は、下記化学式1で表される:
前記添加剤は、1H,1H,2H,2H,3H,3H−パーフルオロウンデシルチオール、1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロデカンチオール、1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロノナンチオール、1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロ−1−オクタンチオール、1H,1H−パーフルオロオクチルチオール、1H,1H−パーフルオロプロピルチオール、2,2,2−トリフルオロエタンチオール、1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロ−1−ヘキサンチオール、2,3,4,5,6−ペンタフルオロチオフェノール、2,3,5,6−テトラフルオロベンゼンチオール、2,4−ジフルオロチオフェノール、3,4−ジフルオロチオフェノール、2−フルオロチオフェノール、3−フルオロチオフェノール、4−フルオロチオフェノール、2−(トリフルオロメトキシ)チオフェノール、3−(トリフルオロメトキシ)チオフェノール、2−(トリフルオロメチル)ベンゼンチオール、2,6−ジフルオロベンジルメルカプタン、3,4−ジフルオロベンジルメルカプタン、3,5−ジフルオロベンジルメルカプタン、4−フルオロベンジルメルカプタン、3,5−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)ベンゼンチオール、4−トリフルオロメチルベンジルメルカプタン、1H,1H−パーフルオロオクチルアミン、1H,1H−ヘプタフルオロブチルアミン、1H,1H−パーフルオロノニルアミン、4−(1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロデシル)ベンジルアミン、2,2,3,3,4,4,4−ヘプタフルオロブチルアミン、2,2,3,3,3−ペンタフルオロプロピルアミン、3,3,3−トリフルオロプロピルアミン、4−フルオロ−α−メチルベンジルアルコール、2−フルオロ−3−メチルベンジルアルコール、4−フルオロ−3−メチルベンジルアルコール、5−フルオロ−2−メチルベンジルアルコール、4−フルオロ−3−ニトロベンジルアルコール、2−フルオロ−5−ニトロベンジルアルコール、2−フルオロ−3−(トリフルオロメトキシ)ベンジルアルコール、2−フルオロ−3−ニトロベンジルアルコール、2−フルオロ−5−メトキシベンジルアルコール、3−フルオロ−5−(トリフルオロメチル)ベンジルアルコール、3−フルオロ−5−メトキシベンジルアルコール、4−フルオロ−3−(トリフルオロメチル)ベンジルアルコール、4−フルオロ−3−メトキシベンジルアルコール、5−フルオロ−2−(トリフルオロメチル)ベンジルアルコール、5−フルオロ−2−ニトロベンジルアルコール、DL−4−フルオロ−α−プロピルベンジルアルコール、3−フルオロベンジルアルコール及び4−フルオロフェネチルアルコールからなる群より選ばれる1種以上を含んでもよい。
さらに、本発明は、前記電解質を含むリチウム金属電池を提供する。
本明細書及び請求の範囲で使用される用語や単語は通常的であるか、又は辞典的な意味に限定して解釈されてはならず、発明者は自身の発明を最善の方法で説明するために、用語の概念を適切に定義することができるという原則に立脚して、本発明の技術的思想に符合する意味と概念として解釈されるべきである。
Aは、フッ素で置換もしくは非置換の炭素数1〜20のアルキル基;フッ素で置換もしくは非置換の炭素数2〜20のアルケニル基;フッ素で置換もしくは非置換の炭素数2〜20のアルキニル基;フッ素で置換もしくは非置換の炭素数3〜20のシクロアルキル基;またはフッ素で置換もしくは非置換の炭素数6〜40のアリール基であり、
Bは、単一結合;フッ素で置換もしくは非置換の炭素数1〜10のアルカンジイル基;フッ素で置換もしくは非置換の炭素数2〜10のアルケンジイル基;非置換の炭素数2〜10のアルキンジイル基;フッ素で置換もしくは非置換の炭素数3〜20のシクロアルキル基;またはフッ素で置換もしくは非置換の炭素数6〜40のアリーレン基であり、
前記AとBのうち少なくとも1つ以上はフッ素で置換され、
Oは、酸素であり、
Xは、それぞれ独立してチオール基、アミン基又はヒドロキシ基から選ばれ、
mは、0又は1であり、
nは、1〜3の整数である。)。
前記リチウム金属電池は、正極、負極及び前記正極と負極との間に介在される電解質を含み、前記電解質として、本発明に係るリチウム金属電池用電解質を含む。
前記正極は、正極集電体と前記正極集電体の一面又は両面に塗布された正極活物質を含んでもよい。
前記正極活物質は、正極活物質と選択的に導電材及びバインダーを含んでもよい。
前記多孔性基材に存在する気孔の大きさ及び気孔度も特に制限されないが、それぞれ0.001〜50μm及び10〜95%であってもよい。
前記電池モジュールは、高温安定性、長いサイクル特性及び高い容量特性などが要求される中大型デバイスの電源として用いることができる。
[実施例1]
1.0M LiTFSIと1.0重量%の硝酸リチウムを1,3−ジオキソランとジメチルエーテル(DOL:DME=1:1(体積比))からなる有機溶媒に溶解させた溶液を準備し、前記溶液に1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロデカンチオール0.1重量%を添加した電解質を製造した。
前記製造された正極と負極を対面するように位置させ、その間にポリエチレン分離膜を介在した後、前記電解質70μlを注入してコイン型の電池を製造した。
電解質の製造時に1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロデカンチオールを0.5重量%で用いたことを除いては、前記実施例1と同様の方法でコイン型の電池を製造した。
電解質の製造時に硝酸リチウムを用いないことを除いては、前記実施例1と同様の方法でコイン型の電池を製造した。
電解質の製造時に1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロデカンチオールを1.0重量%で用い、硝酸リチウムを含まないことを除いては、前記実施例1と同様の方法でコイン型の電池を製造した。
正極製造時に硫黄:導電材:バインダーを70:15:15の重量比で混合して用いたことを除いては、前記実施例1と同様の方法でコイン型の電池を製造した。
電解質の製造時に1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロデカンチオールを0.5重量%で用い、正極製造時に硫黄:導電材:バインダーを70:15:15の重量比で混合して用いたことを除いては、前記実施例1と同様の方法でコイン型の電池を製造した。
正極製造時に硫黄:導電材:バインダーを80:10:10の重量比で混合して用いたことを除いては、前記実施例1と同様の方法でコイン型の電池を製造した。
電解質の製造時に1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロデカンチオールを0.5重量%で用い、正極製造時に硫黄:導電材:バインダーを80:10:10の重量比で混合して用いたことを除いては、前記実施例1と同様の方法でコイン型の電池を製造した。
電解質の製造時に1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロデカンチオールの代わりに、2,4−ジフルオロチオフェノールを同一含量で用い、正極製造時に硫黄:導電材:バインダーを80:10:10の重量比で混合して用いたことを除いては、前記実施例1と同様の方法でコイン型の電池を製造した。
電解質の製造時に1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロデカンチオールの代わりに、2,4−ジフルオロチオフェノールを1.0重量%で用い、正極製造時に硫黄:導電材:バインダーを80:10:10の重量比で混合して用いたことを除いては、前記実施例1と同様の方法でコイン型の電池を製造した。
電解質の製造時に1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロデカンチオールの代わりに、4−フルオロチオフェノールを同一含量で用い、正極製造時に硫黄:導電材:バインダーを80:10:10の重量比で混合して用いたことを除いては、前記実施例1と同様の方法でコイン型の電池を製造した。
電解質の製造時に1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロデカンチオールの代わりに、4−フルオロチオフェノールを1.0重量%で用い、正極製造時に硫黄:導電材:バインダーを80:10:10の重量比で混合して用いたことを除いては、前記実施例1と同様の方法でコイン型の電池を製造した。
電解質の製造時に1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロデカンチオールを用いないことを除いては、前記実施例1と同様の方法でコイン型の電池を製造した。
電解質の製造時に1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロデカンチオール及び硝酸リチウムを用いないことを除いては、前記実施例1と同様の方法でコイン型の電池を製造した。
電解質の製造時に1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロデカンチオールを用いず、正極製造時に硫黄:導電材:バインダーを70:15:15の重量比で混合して用いたことを除いては、前記実施例1と同様の方法でコイン型の電池を製造した。
電解質の製造時に1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロデカンチオールを用いず、正極製造時に硫黄:導電材:バインダーを80:10:10の重量比で混合して用いたことを除いては、前記実施例1と同様の方法でコイン型の電池を製造した。
前記実施例及び比較例で製造された電池を0.1Cの電流密度で放電と充電を2.5回繰り返した後、0.2Cの電流密度で充電と放電をそれぞれ3回行った後、0.3C(充電)と0.5C(放電)の電流密度でサイクルを進行しながら電池の性能を確認した。このとき、得られた結果を図1〜図6に示した。
Claims (8)
- リチウム塩、有機溶媒及び添加剤を含み、
前記添加剤は、一方の末端にリチウム金属と結合可能な官能基を含み、他方の末端にフッ素化炭化水素基を含み、
前記添加剤は、下記化学式1で表される、リチウム金属電池用電解質:
Aは、フッ素で置換もしくは非置換の炭素数1〜20のアルキル基;フッ素で置換もしくは非置換の炭素数2〜20のアルケニル基;フッ素で置換もしくは非置換の炭素数2〜20のアルキニル基;フッ素で置換もしくは非置換の炭素数3〜20のシクロアルキル基;またはフッ素で置換もしくは非置換の炭素数6〜40のアリール基であり、
Bは、単一結合;フッ素で置換もしくは非置換の炭素数1〜10のアルカンジイル基;フッ素で置換もしくは非置換の炭素数2〜10のアルケンジイル基;非置換の炭素数2〜10のアルキンジイル基;フッ素で置換もしくは非置換の炭素数3〜20のシクロアルキル基;またはフッ素で置換もしくは非置換の炭素数6〜40のアリーレン基であり、
前記A及びBのうち少なくとも1つ以上はフッ素で置換され、
Oは、酸素であり、
Xは、チオール基であり、
mは、0又は1であり、
nは、1〜3の整数である。)。 - 前記Aと前記Bの炭素数の合計は30以下である、請求項1に記載のリチウム金属電池用電解質。
- 前記添加剤は、1H,1H,2H,2H,3H,3H−パーフルオロウンデシルチオール、1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロデカンチオール、1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロノナンチオール、1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロ−1−オクタンチオール、1H,1H−パーフルオロオクチルチオール、1H,1H−パーフルオロプロピルチオール、2,2,2−トリフルオロエタンチオール、1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロ−1−ヘキサンチオール、2,3,4,5,6−ペンタフルオロチオフェノール、2,3,5,6−テトラフルオロベンゼンチオール、2,4−ジフルオロチオフェノール、3,4−ジフルオロチオフェノール、2−フルオロチオフェノール、3−フルオロチオフェノール、4−フルオロチオフェノール、2−(トリフルオロメトキシ)チオフェノール、3−(トリフルオロメトキシ)チオフェノール、2−(トリフルオロメチル)ベンゼンチオール、3,5−ビス(トリフルオロメチル)ベンゼンチオールなる群より選ばれる1種以上を含む、請求項1又は2に記載のリチウム金属電池用電解質。
- 前記添加剤は、1H,1H,2H,2H−パーフルオロデカンチオール、2,4−ジフルオロチオフェノール、又は4−フルオロチオフェノールを含む、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム金属電池用電解質。
- 前記添加剤は、リチウム金属電池用電解質全体100重量%を基準として0.01〜5重量%で含まれる、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム金属電池用電解質。
- 前記リチウム塩は、LiCl、LiBr、LiI、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiB10Cl10、LiPF6、LiCF3SO3、LiCF3CO2、LiC4BO8、LiAsF6、LiSbF6、LiAlCl4、CH3SO3Li、CF3SO3Li、(CF3SO2)2NLi、(C2F5SO2)2NLi、(SO2F)2NLi、(CF3SO2)3CLi、クロロボランリチウム、炭素数4以下の低級脂肪族カルボン酸リチウム、4−フェニルホウ酸リチウム及びリチウムイミドからなる群より選ばれる1種以上を含む、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載のリチウム金属電池用電解質。
- 正極活物質を含む正極と、
リチウム金属又はリチウム合金を含む負極と、
請求項1乃至6のいずれかに記載の電解質とを含む、リチウム金属電池。 - 前記正極活物質は、硫黄元素及び硫黄含有化合物からなる群より選ばれる1種以上を含む、請求項7に記載のリチウム金属電池。
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