JP6960410B2 - 大細孔アルミナ担体に担持された白金族金属触媒 - Google Patents
大細孔アルミナ担体に担持された白金族金属触媒 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6960410B2 JP6960410B2 JP2018555456A JP2018555456A JP6960410B2 JP 6960410 B2 JP6960410 B2 JP 6960410B2 JP 2018555456 A JP2018555456 A JP 2018555456A JP 2018555456 A JP2018555456 A JP 2018555456A JP 6960410 B2 JP6960410 B2 JP 6960410B2
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 158
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 title claims description 78
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical group [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 58
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- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical group [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 91
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 87
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 49
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- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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Description
多孔質耐火性酸化物担体に白金族金属成分の塩を含浸させ、多孔質耐火性酸化物担体に含浸させた白金族金属(PGM)を形成すること、
PGM含浸多孔質耐火性酸化物担体をか焼すること、
PGM含浸多孔質耐火性酸化物担体を水溶液に混合することでスラリーを製造すること、
スラリーをモノリス基材(例えば、金属またはセラミックハニカム基材)に被覆すること、および
被覆したモノリス基材をか焼して、触媒物品を得ること
を含む、方法に関する。
触媒組成物は、多孔質耐火性酸化物担体(ROS)に含浸させたPGM成分を含む。触媒組成物は、酸素吸蔵成分(OSC)または耐火性酸化物担体(ROS)に含浸させた第二のPGM成分をさらに含むことができる。本明細書で使用されているように、「白金族金属」または「PGM」は、白金(Pt)、パラジウム(Pd)、ルテニウム(Ru)、ロジウム(Rh)、イリジウム(Ir)およびこれらの混合物を含む白金族金属またはこれらの酸化物を指す。特定の実施形態において、各担体中のPGM成分は同じである。幾つかの実施形態において、各担体中のPGM成分は異なる。一実施形態において、多孔質耐火性酸化物担体に含浸させたPGM成分および酸素吸蔵成分に含浸させたPGM成分は、Pdである。1つまたは複数の実施形態において、個別のPGM成分は、白金族金属、例えば白金とパラジウムとの組み合わせを、例えば約0.1:10〜約10:0.1、好ましくは約0.1:2〜約1:1の質量比で含む。他の実施形態において、個別のPGM成分は、白金またはパラジウムを含む。幾つかの実施形態において、個別のPGM成分はRhを含む。各PGM成分(例えば、Pt、Pd、Rhまたはこれらの組み合わせ)の濃度は変動し得るが、典型的には、含浸された多孔質耐火性酸化物担体または酸素吸蔵成分の質量に対して約0.1質量%〜約10質量%(例えば、含浸された担体材料に対して約1質量〜約6質量%)であろう。
1つまたは複数の実施形態によると、TWC触媒成分の組成物用の基材は、典型的には自動車触媒を製造するために使用される材料から構築可能であり、典型的には、金属またはセラミックハニカム構造を含む。典型的には、基材は、被覆組成物を塗布および付着させた複数の壁表面を具備しており、それにより、触媒組成物用のキャリア基材として作用する。
典型的には、PGM含浸多孔質耐火性酸化物担体またはPGM含浸酸素吸蔵成分(OSC)の製造には、微粒子形態の多孔質耐火性酸化物担体材料または酸素吸蔵成分(OSC)をPGM溶液、例えば、白金溶液またはパラジウム溶液またはこれらの組み合わせに含浸させることが含まれる。
PGM含浸多孔質耐火性酸化物担体を含有するキャリア粒子の形態の先に言及した触媒組成物を水と混合して、触媒キャリア基材、例えばハニカム型基材を被覆する目的のスラリーを形成する。幾つかの実施形態において、PGM含浸酸素吸蔵成分を、PGM含浸多孔質耐火性酸化物担体を含有するスラリーに事後的に添加する。幾つかの実施形態において、PGM含浸多孔質耐火性酸化物担体およびPGM含浸酸素吸蔵成分と水とを同時にまとめて混合することでスラリーを形成する。金属成分を担体粒子に含浸または堆積させるために使用される液体媒体が、触媒組成物中に存在し得る担体またはその化合物またはその錯体またはその他の成分と不利な反応を起こさず、かつ加熱および/または真空付加後の気化または分解により金属成分から除去可能である限り、金属成分の水溶性化合物または水分散性化合物または錯体を使用してもよい。
典型的には、ガソリンまたはディーゼルエンジンの排ガス流中に存在する炭化水素、一酸化炭素および窒素酸化物を転化させて、以下に示す式に記載のように、二酸化炭素、窒素、酸素および水にすることができる:
2NOx→xO2+N2
2CO+O2→2CO2
CxH2x+2+[(3x+1)/2]O2→xCO2+(x+1)H2O
比較用アルミナ担体A〜Cおよび多孔質アルミナ担体Dの細孔半径分布およびその他のパラメーターの決定
水銀ポロシメトリーによる実験を使用して、合計侵入体積、平均細孔半径および%気孔率を測定した。水銀ポロシメトリーは、材料の多孔質の性質における定量化可能な様々な側面、例えば、細孔径、合計細孔容積および表面積を求めるために使用される分析技術である。この技術には、ポロシメーターを使用して、液体水銀を高圧力で材料に侵入させることを伴う。液体の表面張力とは反対方向の力に逆らって液体を細孔に押し込むために必要とされる外部圧力に基づき、細孔径を求めることができる。
比較用アルミナ担体A〜Cおよび多孔質アルミナ担体D上にパラジウムを含有する触媒物品を製造するための一般的な手順
硝酸Pdを使用して、溶液を製造した。この溶液を2つの部分に均等に分けた。硝酸Pd溶液の第一の部分を、アルミナ担体(例えば、Al2O3−A)に含浸させるために使用し、硝酸Pd溶液の第二の部分を、酸素吸蔵材料、例えばセリア/ジルコニア複合材(40%のセリア含量を有するCeO2/ZrO2)に含浸させるために使用し、その際、インシピエントウェットネス技術を使用する。含浸させた担体、すなわち、Pd/アルミナ担体およびPd/OSC担体を550℃で2時間にわたり個別にか焼する。
Pd変性した比較用アルミナ担体A〜Cおよび多孔質アルミナ担体Dを含有する触媒物品を排ガス性能について評価
モノリス基板に被覆された触媒組成物を、サイクルエージング条件のもと、950℃で5時間にわたりエージングし、ここで、リーン条件、化学量論的条件およびリッチ条件の間で15分毎にサイクルを変えた。
Claims (32)
- アルミナを含む多孔質耐火性酸化物担体に含浸させた白金族金属成分を含む触媒組成物であって、前記多孔質耐火性酸化物担体が、細孔面積のみに基づく2次元計算により求められた平均細孔半径が300Å〜1,000Åの範囲にあり、合計侵入体積が2.0〜2.3ml/gであり、気孔率が少なくとも85%であり、前記多孔質耐火性酸化物担体の合計細孔面積が150〜200m 2 /gである、触媒組成物。
- 前記白金族金属成分が、パラジウム、白金またはこれらの組み合わせである、請求項1に記載の触媒組成物。
- 前記白金族金属成分が、パラジウムと白金との組み合わせであり、白金が、合計白金族金属成分に対して約10質量%〜約80質量%で存在する、請求項1または2に記載の触媒組成物。
- 前記多孔質耐火性酸化物担体が、前記多孔質耐火性酸化物担体の合計質量に対して少なくとも90質量%のアルミナを含む、請求項1に記載の触媒組成物。
- 前記多孔質耐火性酸化物担体が、安定化されたアルミナを含む、請求項1に記載の触媒組成物。
- 酸素吸蔵成分に含浸させた白金族金属をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の触媒組成物。
- 前記酸素吸蔵成分がセリアを含む、請求項6に記載の触媒組成物。
- 前記酸素吸蔵成分がセリア−ジルコニア複合材である、請求項7に記載の触媒組成物。
- 前記セリア−ジルコニア複合材が、前記セリア−ジルコニア複合材の合計質量に対して少なくとも10質量%のセリアを含む、請求項8に記載の触媒組成物。
- ガス流に適合した複数個のチャネルを有する触媒基材を含む触媒物品であって、各チャネルが内部に分散された被覆を有し、前記被覆が請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の少なくとも1種の触媒組成物を含む、触媒物品。
- 前記触媒基材が金属またはセラミックハニカムである、請求項10に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記ハニカムが、ウォールフローフィルター基材またはフロースルー基材を含む、請求項11に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記触媒組成物が、少なくとも約1.0g/in3の担持量で前記触媒基材に塗布されている、請求項10に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記被覆が、請求項1から10のいずれか一項に記載の触媒組成物の形態の第一の触媒成分を、第二の耐火性酸化物担体に含浸させた第二のPGM成分、塩基性金属酸化物またはこれらの組み合わせから成る群より選択されるさらなる触媒成分と任意に組み合わせて含む第一の層と、第三の耐火性酸化物担体に含浸させたロジウムを含む第二の層とを含む、請求項10に記載の触媒物品。
- 少なくとも1つの層が、約0.25〜約1.5g/in3の範囲の、多孔質耐火性酸化物成分に含浸させたPGM成分の担持量を含む、請求項14に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第一の触媒成分において、前記PGM成分がパラジウムであり、前記多孔質耐火性酸化物担体がアルミナを含む、請求項14に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第二の層が、OSCに含浸させたPGM成分をさらに含む、請求項14に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記第一の層および前記第二の層のうち少なくとも1つが、上流域および下流域に区分されている、請求項14に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記上流域が前記第一の触媒成分を含む、請求項18に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記下流域が、1種または複数種の塩基性金属酸化物と、OSCに含浸させたPGM成分とを含む、請求項19に記載の触媒物品。
- 前記触媒基材への合計PGM担持量が、約10〜約200g/ft3の範囲にある、請求項10から20のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品。
- 排ガス中のCO、HCおよびNOxレベルを低減させる方法であって、前記ガスと触媒とを、前記ガス中のHC、COおよびNOxレベルを低減させるのに十分な時間、十分な温度で接触させることを含み、前記触媒が請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の触媒組成物を含む、方法。
- 前記排ガス流中に存在するCO、HCおよびNOxレベルを、前記触媒との接触前の排ガス流中のCO、HCおよびNOxレベルに比べて、少なくとも50%低減させる、請求項22に記載の方法。
- 請求項10から21のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品を製造する方法であって、
a.多孔質耐火性酸化物担体に白金族金属成分の塩を含浸させ、白金族金属(PGM)含浸多孔質耐火性酸化物担体を形成すること、
b.前記PGM含浸多孔質耐火性酸化物担体をか焼すること、
c.前記か焼したPGM含浸多孔質耐火性酸化物担体を水溶液に混合することでスラリーを製造すること、
d.前記スラリーをモノリス基材に被覆すること、および
e.前記被覆したモノリス基材をか焼して、前記触媒物品を得ること
を含む、方法。 - 酸素吸蔵成分に白金族金属成分の塩を含浸させ、白金族金属(PGM)含浸酸素吸蔵成分を形成することをさらに含む、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記白金族金属(PGM)含浸酸素吸蔵成分をか焼することをさらに含む、請求項25に記載の方法。
- 前記か焼した白金族金属(PGM)含浸酸素吸蔵成分を前記スラリーに添加することをさらに含む、請求項26に記載の方法。
- 前記PGMがパラジウムであり、前記耐火性金属酸化物がアルミナを含む、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記PGM成分が、約10〜約200g/ft3の量で前記モノリス基材に被覆されている、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 前記モノリス基材が、金属またはセラミックハニカムである、請求項24に記載の方法。
- 内燃機関の下流に配置された請求項10から21のいずれか一項に記載の触媒物品を含む、排ガス処理システム。
- 前記内燃機関がガソリンまたはディーゼルエンジンである、請求項31に記載の排ガス処理システム。
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CN117177813A (zh) * | 2021-06-10 | 2023-12-05 | 庄信万丰股份有限公司 | 使用铑/铂和鞣酸作为络合和还原剂的改进的twc活性 |
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CN115943249B (zh) * | 2021-09-30 | 2023-12-29 | 宁波吉利罗佑发动机零部件有限公司 | 用于发动机排气净化处理的三效催化转化系统及其应用 |
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EP3445486A4 (en) | 2019-11-27 |
CN109070056A (zh) | 2018-12-21 |
RU2018141004A3 (ja) | 2020-05-22 |
JP2019519356A (ja) | 2019-07-11 |
CA3021156A1 (en) | 2017-10-26 |
RU2018141004A (ru) | 2020-05-22 |
BR112018071267A2 (pt) | 2019-02-05 |
RU2745067C2 (ru) | 2021-03-18 |
MX2018012907A (es) | 2019-01-31 |
WO2017184256A1 (en) | 2017-10-26 |
EP3445486A1 (en) | 2019-02-27 |
ZA201806817B (en) | 2021-02-24 |
US20190105636A1 (en) | 2019-04-11 |
KR20180128978A (ko) | 2018-12-04 |
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