JP6885900B2 - Ti−Fe系焼結合金素材およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
Ti−Fe系焼結合金素材およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 70
- 229910011212 Ti—Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 49
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 108
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001192 hot extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 123
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000001887 electron backscatter diffraction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910017082 Fe-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910017133 Fe—Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910010340 TiFe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011978 dissolution method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
- B22F3/162—Machining, working after consolidation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
- C22C1/0458—Alloys based on titanium, zirconium or hafnium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F2201/00—Treatment under specific atmosphere
- B22F2201/50—Treatment under specific atmosphere air
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/20—Refractory metals
- B22F2301/205—Titanium, zirconium or hafnium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/35—Iron
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2304/00—Physical aspects of the powder
- B22F2304/10—Micron size particles, i.e. above 1 micrometer up to 500 micrometer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Description
まず、出発原料として純Ti粉末(純度99.6%、メジアン径29.3μm)および純Fe粒子(純度99.9%、メジアン径4.5μm)を準備し、両者を乾式ボールミルで混合した。ボールミルの回転数は90rpm、混合時間は3.6ksであった。
配合比を変えた各混合粉末に対して、放電プラズマ焼結(温度1100℃、圧力30MPa、真空度6Pa、時間3.6ks)を施し、α+βの2相からなるTi−Fe系焼結合金を作製した。
続いて、各焼結体試料をアルゴンガス雰囲気で所定の温度で300sの予備加熱後、直ちに熱間押出加工を施し、直径10mmのTi−Fe系焼結押出素材を作製した。予備加熱の温度として、770℃(α+β2相温度域)、800℃(α+β2相温度域)、820℃(α+β2相温度域)、850℃(β単相温度域)、900℃(β単相温度域)、920℃(β単相温度域)を採用した。
熱間押出加工後、焼結押出素材を大気中で自然冷却した。その冷却速度は、3度/秒〜20度/秒の範囲内にある。比較のために記載すると、水焼入れ等の急冷の冷却速度は50度/秒〜数100度/秒程度であり、炉内冷却(炉冷)等の徐冷の冷却速度は1度以下/秒程度である。
主として針状α−Ti結晶粒が素地を構成する場合、延性が低下することから、素地を構成する主たる結晶粒は等軸粒(等軸結晶粒)であることが望ましい。
α相とβ相とが混在する温度域で熱間押出加工したTi−Xwt.%Fe(X=0〜10)のTi−Fe系焼結合金押出素材について、常温で引張試験を行い、引張強さ(MPa)、0.2%耐力(MPa)および破断伸び(%)を測定した。試験した焼結合金押出素材のFe含有量は、重量基準で、0%、0.5%、1%、2%、3%、4%、6%、7%、8%、9%、10%である。
α相とβ相とが混在する温度域で熱間押出加工したTi−Xwt.%Fe(X=0〜10)のTi−Fe系焼結合金押出素材について、EBSD解析によってα相の面積率およびβ相の面積率を調べた。その結果を表2に示す。
α相とβ相とが混在する温度域で熱間押出加工したTi−Xwt.%Fe(X=0〜10)のTi−Fe系焼結合金押出素材について、Fe含有量とマイクロビッカース硬さとの関係について調べた。その結果を図4に示す。
Ti−6wt.%Fe系焼結合金素材に関して、熱間押出加工を850℃(β単相温度域)および900℃(β単相温度域)で行った。熱間押出加工後、押出素材を大気中で自然冷却した。図5は、EBSD解析によるTi−6wt.%Fe焼結合金素材の結晶粒マップである。
図8は、Ti−8wt.%Fe焼結合金素材に関して、熱間押出加工をα+β2相温度域で行い、その後に自然冷却した場合のEBSD解析による結晶粒マップを示している。面積比率は、α相が31.8%で、β相が68.2%である。図示するように、Feの含有量が8wt.%になると、Feを含むβ相の面積比率が68%程度と高くなり、β相のネットワークが形成する。そのため、Ti−Fe系焼結素材の延性が低下する。
酸素はα相安定化元素であり、α−Ti結晶粒に固溶することで焼結合金素材の高強度化に寄与する。また、酸素はβ相内にも固溶することで、同様にβ相の硬度増加に寄与する。好ましくは、固溶する酸素の供給源としてTiO2粒子を使用する。原料粉末の一つであるTiO2粒子は、焼結過程において熱分解し、解離した酸素原子がα相やβ相に固溶する。
Claims (6)
- α相およびβ相の2相からなるTi−Fe系焼結合金素材であって、
鉄の含有量が、重量基準で、0.5%以上6%以下であり、
酸素の含有量が、重量基準で、0.15%以上0.6%以下であり、
残部が、Tiおよび不可避不純物であり、
鉄成分を含むβ相がα相中に孤立状態で分散しており、
鉄成分を含むβ相の面積率が全体の49%以下であり、
α相中に等軸結晶粒を含み、
前記α相およびβ相の両相に酸素が固溶している、Ti−Fe系焼結合金素材。 - 前記鉄の含有量が、重量基準で、1%以上6%以下である、請求項1に記載のTi−Fe系焼結合金素材。
- 前記鉄の含有量を[Fe]とし、前記酸素の含有量を[O]とすると、以下の関係式を満たす、請求項1または2に記載のTi−Fe系焼結合金素材。
[O]≦−0.335[Fe]+2.83・・・・・(式1) - 前記鉄の含有量を[Fe]とし、前記酸素の含有量を[O]とすると、以下の関係式を満たす、請求項1または2に記載のTi−Fe系焼結合金素材。
[O]≦−0.1725[Fe]+1.53・・・・・(式2) - Tiを主成分とするチタン粉末と、鉄粒子とからなり、全体中の鉄の含有量が重量基準で0.5%以上6%以下である混合粉体を成形固化して焼結する工程と、
前記焼結後の焼結体をα相とβ相とが混在する温度域で熱間塑性加工する工程と、
前記熱間塑性加工後の焼結体を大気中で自然冷却する工程とを備え、
前記自然冷却の冷却速度は、3度/秒〜20度/秒の範囲内にあり、
最終的に得られるTi−Fe系焼結合金素材は、α相およびβ相の2相からなり、鉄の含有量が、重量基準で、0.5%以上6%以下であり、酸素の含有量が、重量基準で、0.15%以上0.6%以下であり、残部が、Tiおよび不可避不純物である、Ti−Fe系焼結合金素材の製造方法。 - 前記熱間塑性加工は、熱間押出加工、熱間鍛造加工、熱間圧延加工および熱間静水圧プレスからなる群から選ばれた加工である、請求項5に記載のTi−Fe系焼結合金素材の製造方法。
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